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Effect of different forms of buckwheat addition on the physicochemical and sensory properties of bread
No full textThis study aimed to obtain buckwheat bread by adding whole buckwheat to the white bread formulation in groat and flour form. The addition was made in different proportions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) according to the principle of substitution. Buckwheat addition, as groat, increased the bread's hardness to a great extent. Moisture analysis results indicated that the buckwheat additive can increase the water-holding capacity and may extend the shelf life, especially in flour form. The samples' antioxidant activities and phenolic content significantly increased when the addition was made as flour. All buckwheat-added samples had lower volume values than control samples. Buckwheat addition caused an increase in volatile components such as phenylethanol and benzylalcohol. As a result of sensory analysis, using buckwheat as flour and groat positively affected breadmaking. Considering the samples' nutritional and sensory properties, the combination in which 20% buckwheat flour is added to the white bread formulation is the most appropriate use
ELEKTROKONVULZİF TERAPİ ALAN HASTALARIN ÖZNEL DENEYİMLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
No full textAMAÇ: Elektrokonvulzif terapi (EKT) 1938 yılından bu yana depresyon, şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk başta olmak üzere birçok psikiyatrik bozuklukta sıklıkla kullanılan bir tedavi yöntemi olmuştur. EKT, ilk uygulanılmaya başladığı yıllardan bu yana, en tartışmalı bir tedavi yöntemlerden birisi olma konumunu sürdürmektedir. Literatürde EKT hakkında yapılmış birçok çalışma bulunmasına rağmen, hastaların öznel deneyimlerini inceleyen çalışmalar çok az sayıdadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, EKT uygulanan hastaların öznel deneyimlerini araştırmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Araştırma evrenini 2014 yılından sonra Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde EKT uygulanan 40 hasta oluşturmakta olup, kriterlere uyan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 11 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara Sosyodemografik ve Klinik veri formu uygulanmış, bu formda katılımcının yaş, eğitim, medeni durum gibi sosyodemografik özellikleri, hastalık tanısı, EKT uygulanma sebebi, EKT uygulamasına dair değişkenler araştırılmış ve katılımcılara öznel EKT deneyimi ile ilgili açık ve kapalı uçlu sorular yöneltilmiştir. BULGULAR: EKT uygulanan hastaların 4’ünün tanısı unipolar depresyon (%36.4), 3’ünün bipolar bozukluk (%27.3), 2’sinin şizofreni (%18.2) ve yine 2’sinin tanısı şizoaffektif bozukluktu (%18.2). Genel değerlendirme soruları sonucunda, hastaların 7’sinin (%63.6) EKT’nin faydasının zararından daha fazla olduğunu ifade ettiği, hastaların 10’unun (%90.9) hastalık belirtilerinin EKT’den daha olumsuz bir deneyim olduğunu belirttiği görülmüştür. SONUÇ: Hastaların büyük çoğunluğunun EKT’den memnun kaldığı görülmüştür. Topluma ve sağlık çalışanlarına EKT’nin daha gerçekçi şekilde tanıtılması, bu güvenli ve etkili yöntemin daha fazla kullanılmasına yol açabilir
Hold the chair: the link between short-term exposure and the managerial change in an emerging market during the pandemic
No full textPurpose - This paper aims to study the effect of short-term firm-level exposure on managerial change during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Chinese economy. Such a link is not explored in the existing COVID-19 and resource-based theory (RBT) literature. Design/methodology/approach - The logit regression model is utilized to examine the effect of short-term exposure on the probability of managerial change in the Chinese economy. Logit models based on coarsened exact matching (CEM) are also used in the robustness checks part of the study. The results are robust to different specifications. Findings - The obtained findings show that short-term exposure has a significantly positive effect on the probability of managerial change during the pandemic. Research limitations/implications - Under the RBT approach, this study sheds new light on the relationship between short-term financial exposure and managerial change under uncertainty during the pandemic. Practical implications - C-Suite executives need to be prepared for short-term sudden shocks. According to the findings of the study, the relationship between short-term sudden shocks and short-term financial exposure is a factor that C-suite executives should pay attention to. Social implications - Short-term sudden shocks can support managerial change, pushing society into uncertainty and negatively affecting the private sector. In this context, it has a structure that can amplify uncertainty. Originality/value - In the existing COVID-19 literature, the effect of short-term exposure on the probability of managerial change is under researched, especially in the emerging markets-based RBT and COVID-19 literature. The present study offers an insight into the link between short-term exposure and the probability of managerial change during the pandemic
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from white cherry (Prunus avium L. starks gold) fruit and determination of their properties
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBeyaz kiraz (Prunus avium L. starks gold) meyvesinin biyoaktif bileşenleri üzerine yapılan bu çalışmada, ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle metanol, etanol ve hekzan kullanılarak hazırlanan ekstraktların toplam fenolik madde miktarları ve antioksidan aktiviteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Metanol çözgeni ile elde edilen ekstraktlar, en yüksek toplam fenolik bileşik miktarına (1.3-4.0 mg GAE/g) ve antioksidan aktiviteye sahipken, DPPH ve FRAP yöntemleriyle yapılan analizlerde antioksidan aktivitenin 2.34-22.33 mM TE/g ekstrakt ve 0-1.45 mM TE/g ekstrakt aralığında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Diyabet üzerindeki etkilerin incelendiği enzim analizlerinde, beyaz kiraz ekstraktlarının ?-glikozidaz ve ?-amilaz enzimleri üzerindeki inhibisyon etkileri ölçülmüş; etanol ekstraktlarında en yüksek inhibisyon değerleri (35.05 mg/mL ve 90.1 mg/mL) elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, metanol ile elde edilen ekstraktlar Escherichia coli ve Staphylococcus aureus'a karşı belirgin antibakteriyel aktivite gösterirken, etanol ekstraktı sadece E. coli'ye karşı düşük antibakteriyel etki göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, beyaz kirazın farklı çözgenlerle elde edilen ekstraktlarının önemli biyoaktif özelliklere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.This study focused on the bioactive components of white cherry (Prunus avium L. starks gold) and assessed the bioactive properties of extracts obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction using methanol, ethanol, and hexane. Methanol extracts were found to have the highest total phenolic content (1.3-4.0 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity, with antioxidant values ranging from 2.34-22.33 mM TE/g extract according to DPPH and 0-1.45 mM TE/g extract according to the FRAP method. In enzyme analyses evaluating potential effects on diabetes, the extracts inhibition effects on ?-glucosidase and ?-amylase enzymes were measured, with ethanol extracts showing the highest inhibition values (35.05 mg/mL for ?-glucosidase and 90.1 mg/mL for ?-amylase). Additionally, methanol extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while ethanol extracts showed lower activity, only against E. coli. These findings suggest that white cherry extracts possess various bioactive properties, particularly in terms of antioxidant activity and potential effects on diabetes
Tuning the structure and physiochemical properties of sodium alginate and chitosan composite films through sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) crosslinking
No full textSodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), an inorganic and non-toxic polyphosphate, has potential applications as a crosslinking agent in the fabrication of edible films. This study utilized STPP in the development of sodium alginate-chitosan composite films, with a focus on their suitability for food packaging applications. The results indicate that the incorporation of STPP led to an increase in film thickness (from 0.048 +/- 0.004 to 0.078 +/- 0.008 mm), elongation at break (from 11.50 +/- 1.49 % to 15.88 +/- 2.14 %), water permeation (from 0.364 +/- 0.010 to 0.521 +/- 0.021 gmm/(m 2 h*kPa)), and moisture content (from 25.98 +/- 0.20 % to 28.12 +/- 0.17 %). In contrast, there was a decrease in tensile strength (from 30.23 +/- 2.08 to 25.60 +/- 1.22 MPa) and swelling index (from 752.9 +/- 17.1 to 533.5 +/- 8.9 %). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of distinctive needle -like microcrystals with the incorporation of STPP. Fourier -transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated intermolecular interactions between STPP and the film -forming biopolymers. The data obtained from Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability of STPP-loaded films at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the films exhibited increased DPPH scavenging activity with the addition of STPP. This study underscores the potential of STPP as a crosslinking agent for the development of composite edible films, suggesting applications in the field of food packaging.TRC [BFP/RGP/HSS/22/007]The study was supported by TRC grant number BFP/RGP/HSS/22/007
Typology of Plurality in Turkish, Classical Arabic and Cukurova Arabic and the Effect of Plurality in Turkish on Cukurova Arabic
No full textNoun pluralisation has been of paramount importance in typological studies, considering a wide range of varieties in different languages. This study examines the relationships between Classical Arabic, Turkish, and Cukurova Arabic - an Arabic dialect spoken in the Eastern Mediterranean region (Antakya, Adana, and Mersin) in Turkey - in the context of noun plurality inflection. In fact, considering Cukurova Arabic-Turkish relations, the latter affects the former more extensively - as a consequence of political and social situations. In other words, Cukurova Arabic codecopies Turkish elements in almost all linguistic levels (e.g., phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics). What is more, time passes against Cukurova Arabic because code-copying tends to disconnect itself from Syria-Lebanon Coastal Dialect Groups of which Cukurova Arabic is a part, and even brings it to the point of extinction. The devastating effect of Turkish on Cukurova Arabic needs to be elaborated on. However, code-copying at all linguistic levels was hardly delved into but morphological code-copying features were, in general, analyzed. A qualitative method was used while collecting the data collected through participatory observation, field note, and natural recording. By specifying morphological code-copying, the study remained limited to the disconnection of quantification in grammaticalization in Cukurova Arabic from Classical Arabic, and the effects of plurality typology in Turkish on Cukurova Arabic. In line with this explanation, regular plurality inflections in Cukurova Arabic (cäm>ü'l-slim, particularly regular feminine inflections operated with +t / +ât suffixes) are increasing, and irregular cases (cäm>ü'l-mükässär) are replaced by regular of which. The complex quantity category in Classical Arabic is represented as a simpler aspect inCukurova. This change is experienced through the effect of the plural suffix +lAr in Turkish and quite simply of plurality typology. The study yields evidence of a transition from complex quantification to a simpler system of pluralisation in Cukurova Arabic. Copyright © 2024 Muna Yüceol Özezen and Eser Ordem. Published with license by Koninklijke Brill BV.Cukurova Universit
Brain-GCN-Net: Graph-Convolutional Neural Network for brain tumor identification
No full textBackground: The intersection of artificial intelligence and medical image analysis has ushered in a new era of innovation and changed the landscape of brain tumor detection and diagnosis. Correct detection and classification of brain tumors based on medical images is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models are widely used for disease detection. However, they are sometimes unable to sufficiently recognize the complex features of medical images. Methods: This paper proposes a fused Deep Learning (DL) model that combines Graph Neural Networks (GNN), which recognize relational dependencies of image regions, and CNN, which captures spatial features, is proposed to improve brain tumor detection. By integrating these two architectures, our model achieves a more comprehensive representation of brain tumor images and improves classification performance. The proposed model is evaluated on a public dataset of 10847 MRI images. The results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing pre-trained models and traditional CNN architectures. Results: The fused DL model achieves 93.68% accuracy in brain tumor classification. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the existing pre-trained models and traditional CNN architectures. Conclusion: The numerical results suggest that the model should be further investigated for potential use in clinical trials to improve clinical decision-making. © 2024 Elsevier Lt
Structural, mechanical, barrier and antioxidant properties of pectin and xanthan gum edible films loaded with grapefruit essential oil
No full textThis research focused on the development of films based on pectin and xanthan gum composite loaded with different concentrations of grapefruit essential oil (GFO). The fabricated films were characterized to assess the effect of GFO on the structural, mechanical, barrier, chemical, and antioxidant properties. The addition of GFO enhanced the functional properties of the films, as confirmed by FTIR analysis showing molecular interactions within the film matrix. SEM observations revealed that films with higher GFO content had a smoother, more compact structure with uniform oil distribution. Films loaded with oil demonstrated enhanced water resistance, as their decreased permeability ranged from 0.733 +/- 0.009 to 0.561 +/- 0.020 (g mm)/(m2.h.kPa). Additionally, these films showed a notable increase in tensile strength, ranging from 2.91 +/- 0.19 to 8.55 +/- 0.62 MPa. However, the addition of oil led to a reduction in the elongation at break of the films, which decreased from 52.84 +/- 3.41 % to 12.68 +/- 1.52 %, and a decline in transparency from 87.57 +/- 0.65 % to 76.18 +/- 1.12 %. Fabricated films exhibited enhanced antioxidant properties, as evidenced by increased DPPH center dot and ABTS center dot+ radical scavenging activities with the addition of GFO. The findings of the current study suggest that GFO is an effective natural additive for enhancing the physiochemical properties of pectin and xanthan gum -based films, making them more suitable for food packaging applications.TRC [BFP/RGP/HSS/22/007, BFP/URG/HSS/22/216]The study was supported by TRC grant numbers BFP/RGP/HSS/22/007 and BFP/URG/HSS/22/216
Comparison of AASHTO-93 İLE AASHTOWare pavement me design methods for the pavement design in Türkiye and the economic analysis
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBu tez çalışması kapsamında, ülkemizde esnek üstyapı tasarımı için kullanılan, AASHTO 1993 yöntemini esas alan Karayolları Esnek Üstyapı Projelendirme Rehberi yardımıyla elde edilen bazı veriler, AASHTOWare Mekanistik-Ampirik Üstyapı Tasarım Yöntemleri ile hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaplamalarda 4 farklı iklim bölgesinde bulunan 4 farklı şehir kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle, 3 farklı yol sınıfı, 3 farklı yıllık ortalama günlük trafik ve 3 farklı zemin dayanım durumu (toplam 3x3x3=27 farklı senaryo) için Karayolları Esnek Üstyapı Projelendirme Rehberi kullanılarak aşınma, binder ve bitümlü temel tabaka kalınlıkları belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra ise bu 27 farklı tasarım senaryosu için her bir şehrin iklim verileri ve diğer tasarım parametreleri kullanılarak (toplam 4x27=108 tasarım senaryosu) AASHTOWare Mekanistik-Ampirik Üstyapı Tasarım Yöntemi ile performans analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Programda ihtiyacımız olan iklim verileri için, seçilen şehirlerin son 5 yıl içinde saatlik güneşlenme süresi, rüzgâr hızı, sıcaklık, yağış ve nispi nem değerleri Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü'nden istenmiş olup programa bu veriler aktarılmıştır. Diğer veriler ise Esnek Üstyapı Projelendirme Rehberi'nden seçilmiş olup elimizde olmayan ya da ülkemizde üstyapı tasarımında kullanılmayan veriler için ise programdan 3. veri düzeyi seçilerek hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu hesaplamalar doğrultusunda elde edilen sonuçlara göre seçilen trafik yoğunluğu, kullanılan malzeme türü, güvenilirlik katsayısı ya da başka parametreler değiştirilerek en son olarak AASHTOWare Mekanistik-Ampirik Üstyapı Tasarım Yöntemi kullanılarak en uygun ve ekonomik kaplama kalınlıkları belirlenmiş ve değişen kalınlıkların yol maliyetine etkisi irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, karayolu üstyapıları tasarımında yeni bir yöntem olan ve ABD ve Kanada'da kullanımıyla ilgili çalışmalar yapılan ve yakın zamanda tamamen karayolu üstyapısı tasarımında kullanılacak olan AASHTOWare Mekanistik-Ampirik Üstyapı Tasarım Yöntemi ülkemiz koşullarında uygulanabilirliği test edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, ülkemizdeki farklı iklim bölgeleri için iklimsel verilerin kaplama kalınlıklarına etkisi AASHTOWare Mekanistik-Ampirik Üstyapı Tasarım Yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. AASHTOWare Mekanistik-Ampirik Üstyapı Tasarım Yöntemi ülkemizde tam anlamıyla uygulanabilmesi için eksik olan veriler belirlenmiştir ve bu yöntemin kullanımına yönelik atılacak adımlar ve eksik verilerin nasıl temin edilmesi gerektiğiyle ilgili pratik öneriler sunulmuştur.Within the scope of this thesis study, some data obtained with the help of the Turkish Highways Flexible Pavement Design Guide, based on the AASHTO 1993 method, used for flexible pavement design in Türkiye, were calculated with AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design. In these calculations, 4 different cities located in 4 different climate zones were used. In this study, first of all, wearing, binder and bituminous base layer thicknesses were determined using the Turkish Highways Flexible Pavement Design Guide for 3 different road classes, 3 different annual average daily traffic (AADT) and 3 different subgrade strength conditions (total of 3x3x3 = 27 different scenarios). Then, performance analyzes were carried out with AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design using the climate data and other design parameters of each city for these 27 different design scenarios (4x27 = 108 design scenarios in total). For the climate data nedded include hourly sunshine duration, wind speed, temperature, precipitation and relative humidity values ??of the selected cities in the last 5 years were requested from the General Directorate of Meteorology of the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, and these data were transferred to the program. Other data were selected from the Turkish Highways Flexible Pavement Design Guide, and for data that we did not have or were not used in pavement design in our country, calculations were made by selecting the 3rd data level from the program. According to the results obtained in line with these calculations, the most appropriate and economical pavement thicknesses were determined by changing the selected traffic density, the type of material used, the reliability coefficient or other parameters, and finally using AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design, and the effect of the changing thicknesses on the pavement material cost was examined. Within the scope of this study, the applicability of AASHTOWare Pavement ME, which is a new method in highway pavement design and whose use has been studied in the USA and Canada and will soon be used entirely in highway pavement design, has been tested in our country's conditions. At the same time, the effect of climatic data on pavement thicknesses for different climatic regions in our country was analyzed using AASHTOWare Pavement ME. In order to fully implement the AASHTOWare Pavement ME design method in our country, the missing data have been determined and practical suggestions have been presented regarding the steps to be taken for the use of this method and how the missing data should be obtained
Okul yöneticilerinin dijital yeterliklerinin ve dönüşümcü liderliklerinin değerlendirilmesi : Adana örneği
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Ana Bilim DalıBu araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin dijital yeterlikleri ve dönüşümcü liderliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin dijital yeterlik düzeylerinde cinsiyet, yaş, yöneticilik süresi, okul türü gibi demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşma olup olmadığını araştırmak için analizler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca okul yöneticilerinin dönüşümcü liderlik özellikleri ile dijital yeterlikleri arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 2022-2023 eğitim öğretim yılında Adana ilinde T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı resmi okullarda görev yapan 395 okul yöneticisinden oluşmuştur. Araştırmanın birinci kısmında Gümüş(2021) tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Dijital Yeterlik Ölçeği, ikinci kısmında Berger, Romeo, Guardia, Baldó, & Soria ( 2012) tarafından geliştirilen kısa Dönüşümcü Liderlik Ölçeği ve son kısmında katılımcıların demografik bilgilerini içeren Kişisel Bilgi Toplama formundan oluşan 5'li Likert tipi bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Veriler kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile toplanmış ve SPSS 26 Paket Programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmış, verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığına Kolmogorov- Smirnov testi ile bakılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği görülmüş, bu nedenle hipotezlerin analizinde non-parametrik testlerden Mann Whithney U ve Kruskal Wallis testleri uygulanmıştır. Dijital yeterlik ve dönüşümcü liderlik arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçmek için Spearman Korelasyon testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda okul yöneticilerinin dijital yeterlik düzeylerinde cinsiyet , çalışılan ilçe, eğitim durumu ve yöneticilik rolü değişkenlerine göre farklılaşma görülmemiştir. Ancak yaş, okul türü, yöneticilik süresi ve branş değişkenlerine göre okul yöneticilerinin dijital yeterlik düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılaşma olduğu görülmüştür. Yöneticilerin dönüşümcü liderlik düzeyleri ile dijital yeterlik düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.This study aims to examine the digital competencies and transformational leadership of school managers. Analyses were conducted to investigate potential differences in digital competence levels among school managers based on demographic variables such as gender, age, duration of administration, and school type. The study investigated the potential relationship between the transformational leadership characteristics of school managers and their digital competencies.The study was conducted using the relational survey method, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The study sample comprised 395 school managers working in public schools under the Ministry of National Education in Adana province in the 2022-2023 academic year. The study used a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of the Teacher Digital Competence Scale developed by Gümü? (2021) in the first part, the Transformational Leadership Scale developed by Berger, Romeo, Guardia, Baldó, & Soria (2012) in the second part, and a personal information form contsisting demographic information of the participants in the last part. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method and analyzed with the SPSS 26 Package Program. The scales underwent validity and reliability analyses, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normal distribution of the data. As the data did not show normal distribution, nonparametric tests such as Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis were used to analyze the hypotheses. The Spearman correlation test was used for the determination of the relationship between digital competence and transformational leadership.As a result of the research, there was no differentiation in the digital competence levels of school managers according to gender, district of working, educational status and administrative roles of managers. However, it was seen that there was a significant difference in the digital competence levels of school managers according to age, school type, duration of administration and branch variables. A positive, medium and significant relationship was found between the transformational leadership levels of managers and their digital competence levels