Scholars @Bentley (Bentley University)
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Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Business Opportunities and Ethical Challenges
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI), and in particular generative AI (GAI), are making incredible progress toward automation. The pervasive and invasive nature of these technologies are affecting every industry, and health care is no exception. This paper summarizes insights derived from a panel that the Hoffman Center for Business Ethics and the Center for Health and Business at Bentley University hosted in March 2024. The panel invited three qualified health care professionals: Evan Carey, Susan Persky and John Torous. The panelists are all active in multiple aspects of AI in health care but represent a focus on the key areas of policy (Carey), research (Persky), and clinical practice (Torous)
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Business Opportunities and Ethical Challenges
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI), and in particular generative AI (GAI), are making incredible progress toward automation. The pervasive and invasive nature of these technologies are affecting every industry, and health care is no exception. This paper summarizes insights derived from a panel that the Hoffman Center for Business Ethics and the Center for Health and Business at Bentley University hosted in March 2024. The panel invited three qualified health care professionals: Evan Carey, Susan Persky and John Torous. The panelists are all active in multiple aspects of AI in health care but represent a focus on the key areas of policy (Carey), research (Persky), and clinical practice (Torous)
Against the Sale of Homeopathy (and Other Ineffective Medicines)
Full text linkConsumers spend billions of dollars per year on homeopathic products. But there is powerful evidence that these products don’t work, i.e., they are not medically effective. Should homeopathic products be for sale? I give reason for thinking that the answer is ‘no.’ It has been suggested that the sale of homeopathic products involves deception. This might be so in some cases, but the problem is simpler: it is that these products don’t do what people buy them to do. More precisely, homeopathic products don’t meet the “desire-satisfaction condition,” according to which products for sale in markets should satisfy the desires that people buy them to satisfy. I defend my view against objections, and conclude by acknowledging some of the practical difficulties of banning products people want to buy
The Effects of Monetary Policies on Exchange Rates: A Multinational Panel Study (2000–2023)
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of monetary policy tools—interest rates, reserve requirements, and money supply—on exchange rates across five major economies: the United States, European Union, China, Japan, and Canada from 2000 to 2023. The analysis incorporates control variables such as GDP growth and inflation and utilizes various econometric models, from naïve regressions to advanced fixed effects specifications. The results show that interest rates and reserve requirements significantly influence exchange rate movements, while the role of money supply is more moderate. Special attention is given to the zero lower bound (ZLB) era using shadow rates. These findings align with Inoue and Rossi (2019), who highlight the role of expectations in monetary transmission during both conventional and unconventional periods. This study contributes to the literature by offering multinational evidence and providing insights into how central banks can manage exchange rate dynamics under evolving economic conditions
Business ethics: What everyone should know
Full text linkOne of the most valuable things that the Hoffman Center brings to the Bentley community is the wisdom of its Business Advisory Board. Most members are current or former ethics and compliance officers with years of experience. In the hope of better preparing Bentley students for the workplace, the Center recently asked the group for clear, direct, practical, and specific answers to the question, “What has your experience told you about what students should learn about ethics before they start their first job? Here’s a compilation and summary of what we received
Gig Economy and Income Inequality
Full text linkThe dramatic expansion of the gig economy in the United States has led to a transition from traditional labor markets to a more flexible structure creating opportunities for alternate income sources. While the gig economy provides more work opportunities for low-skilled workers, there are also concerns about the role that it may play in contributing to income inequality. This research explores the spatio-temporal relationship between the participation of workers in the gig economy and income inequality. The study extracts individual-level data from the IPUMS dataset to compute consistent state-specific measures of participation in the gig economy and income inequality over the past two decades. Analyses are based on panel data methods, which account for various coinciding changes in national and state economic conditions over this time period in order to disentangle the plausibly causal role of the gig economy. This project provides some of the first empirical evidence on whether, and the extent to which, the explosive growth in the gig workforce has worsened or mitigated income inequality within the U.S. It highlights the negative relationship between the participation in the gig economy and income inequality highlighting the positive effects of the gig workforce in providing higher income opportunities
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Business Opportunities and Ethical Challenges
Full text linkArtificial intelligence (AI), and in particular generative AI (GAI), are making incredible progress toward automation. The pervasive and invasive nature of these technologies are affecting every industry, and health care is no exception. This paper summarizes insights derived from a panel that the Hoffman Center for Business Ethics and the Center for Health and Business at Bentley University hosted in March 2024. The panel invited three qualified health care professionals: Evan Carey, Susan Persky and John Torous. The panelists are all active in multiple aspects of AI in health care but represent a focus on the key areas of policy (Carey), research (Persky), and clinical practice (Torous)
Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) in Pharmaceutical Markets: Associations with Market Concentration, Prices, Drug Quantity Sold, and Shortages
Full text linkIn recent decades, the pharmaceutical industry has become increasingly concentrated in the United States, in part due to mergers and acquisitions (M&As) between drug manufacturers. This consolidation from M&As has been cited as a key factor affecting drug prices and drug shortages (U.S. Federal Trade Commission, 2022). In this study, we assessed trends in pharmaceutical M&As during 2010–2023 and evaluated the characteristics of drugs and companies involved in those M&As. We considered the effects of M&As on market concentration, drug prices, drug quantity sold, and drug shortages. We also considered how these associations vary by drug characteristics, including brand drugs versus generics, small molecule (i.e., chemical) drugs versus biological products, and essential medicines versus drugs not on essential medicines lists (EMLs). We used a combination of public and proprietary data sources on M&As, drug sales, drug shortages, and essential medicines. To establish drug ownership at the time of an M&A, we accessed historical archives of various U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) datasets containing drug sponsor and application information, including Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (commonly known as the Orange Book), the Purple Book, and the National Drug Code (NDC) Directory, among others
OER Textbook Review for Business Law - (1) Business Law and the Legal Environment - (2) Law for Entrepreneurs
Full text linkLiz Brown, Professor of Law at Bentley University, evaluates two OER textbooks: Business Law and the Legal Environment and Law for Entrepreneurs, both published by Saylor.org in 2012. While praising their clarity and accessible language, the review highlights significant limitations due to outdated content, lack of comprehensiveness, and cultural relevance. Key issues include the absence of current legal developments, such as topics like privacy and AI, and the omission of critical topics like start-up funding mechanisms in the entrepreneurship text. Despite these shortcomings, the textbooks are suggested as potential basic outlines for their subjects, though requiring substantial supplementation with current cases, examples, and additional topics. The review underscores the need for more up-to-date OER resources in business law to effectively engage students and provide comprehensive coverage of contemporary legal issues in business
Major Political Events from the 1960s to the 2020s: An Analytical Perspective
Full text linkThis research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of major political events in the United States from the 1960s to the 2020s. It examines key presidential elections and significant political incidents, exploring their impact on the political landscape and their contributions to the evolution of American governance and society. The study delves into the interplay between media, social movements, economic conditions, and political strategies, highlighting how these factors have shaped electoral outcomes and policy decisions over the decades