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Reliability and validity of threat image projection data as a measure of performance in X-ray baggage screening
No full textPassenger baggage is screened using X-ray machines at airports worldwide to ensure transportation security. Many airports use a technology called threat image projection (TIP) to measure detection performance of airport security officers (screeners). TIP projects prerecorded X-ray images of prohibited items into X-ray images of passenger baggage being screened, and each time a TIP image is displayed (a TIP event), the TIP system records whether the screener detected the prohibited item. Because the prohibited items and the location of their placement in bags are randomly selected, the resulting TIP images vary substantially in difficulty and do not always look realistic. It is therefore not clear whether TIP data provides a good measure of screener performance, despite the technology’s long-standing and widespread use at airports. To address this research gap, we conducted a study to estimate TIP’s psychometric properties of reliability and validity by analysing a large set of TIP data from cabin baggage screening of a European airport (1,199,838 TIP events from 728 screeners over four years). We found the reliability of performance measurement to increase with the number of TIP events in accordance with the Spearman–Brown prediction. Approximately 100 TIP events were sufficient to achieve a minimum reliability value of 0.7 when TIP was challenging enough (mean hit rate below 0.9). TIP performance predicted the covert test results (wherein instructed people tried to smuggle real prohibited items through the checkpoint; 1,184 covert tests from 474 screeners), indicating that TIP is a valid measure of detection performance in X-ray baggage screening. The results imply that TIP data provides a reliable and valid performance measure if the TIP images are challenging enough and about 100 TIP events are considered per screener
„Ohne Vertrauen gibt es keine Freiheit, ohne Misstrauen keine Sicherheit.“ Professionelle Beziehungsgestaltung im Jugendmassnahmenvollzug in Anbetracht zunehmender Risikoorientierung
No full textLLM-Based Chatbots on Tablets
No full textThis Master's thesis investigates the design and implementation requirements for Large Language Model (LLM)-based chatbots in Swiss correctional facilities, addressing the critical challenges of digital inequity and social isolation among inmates. While AI-driven technologies show promise for enhancing rehabilitation and digital literacy, their deployment in high-security environments presents unique technical, functional, and ethical challenges that remain underexplored
How can we organise against the greenwashing extractivism of Big Tech?
No full textHave you been wondering about the relationship between the global military-industrial complex and genocidal Big Tech? Why should we disinvest from these technologies, and how can we do it? Infrastructural Rehearsals Collective would like to host a discussion on resisting Big Tech infrastructure and the violences of the green economy. Participants are invited to bring questions and propositions through projects they are dreaming of or already involved in. Propositions might include everything from community organising against corporate tech takeovers and land defence, to zine making, de-install parties, or anti-colonial tech.
Participants will share questions, concerns, and practices across our different contexts and struggles. By doing so we establish a mutual commitment to recognizing how these violences, such as massive increases in computational demands, (via AI, chip factories, data centers, autonomous weapons systems) led by a green capitalist agenda are destroying the planet, and that another world without them is both necessary and possible.
Come ready to contribute, as the session will be shaped by those who are in attendance in order to have a conversation across practices, communities, and how these inform the modes of intervention needed
Special education needs and disabilities in secondary education (Switzerland)
No full texthttps://www.becs-bloomsbury.com/article?docid=b-9781350934412&tocid=b-9781350934412-025&st=Special+Education+Needs+and+Disabilities+in+Secondary+Education+%28Switzerland%2
Künstliche Intelligenz und kritisches Denken im Unterricht. Quo Vadis
No full textDigitale Tools und künstliche Intelligenz (KI) haben Einzug in unsere Schulen genommen und ein kompetenter Umgang mit solchen Tools gilt mittlerweile als Kulturtechnik. Für viele Unterrichtsfächer besteht eine aktuelle Herausforderung jedoch darin, dass Schüler:innen Texte oder Problemstellungen mit generativer KI (wie ChatGPT) erarbeiten, ohne dass ein tiefes Verstehen des Inhaltes sowie eine kritische Reflexion der Chatbot-Antworten stattfindet. Dies betrifft insbesondere leistungsschwächere Schüler:innen, die aufgrund von wenig Vorwissen und geringen metakognitiven Kompetenzen die Antworten unkritisch übernehmen.
Im Vortrag wird auf die Chancen und Risiken von digitalen Tools und KI für das schulische Lernen näher eingegangen und das kritische Denken und die Selbstregulation als fachübergreifende Schlüsselkompetenzen in den Fokus gerückt. Zudem werden erste Ergebnisse einer Interventionsstudie aus dem Bildungsraum Nordwestschweiz vorgestellt. Mit der Studie wird untersucht, wie eine kritische Nutzung von KI didaktisch sinnvoll angeleitet werden kann. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich hinsichtlich ihrer didaktischen Umsetzung und ihrer Bedeutsamkeit für verschiedene Unterrichtsfächer diskutieren.https://www.fhnw.ch/de/die-fhnw/hochschulen/ph/institute/institut-sekundarstufe-1-und-2/treffpunkt-forschun
Designing a Knowledge Graph to Reduce Information Silos in Swiss NGOs Advocating for Children's Rights
No full textThis thesis explores the critical role of effective knowledge management in non-profit organisations, particularly those involved in child rights advocacy in Switzerland. It identifies the pervasive issue of information silos within these NGOs, which impede internal communication and external collaboration, thereby limiting their capacity to advocate effectively. Contributing factors include fragmented data storage, limited accessibility, and organisational cultures discouraging knowledge sharing. The research posits that Knowledge Graphs (KGs) present a viable solution to these fragmentation issues by enabling sophisticated data integration and analysis across diverse sources
Migrationssensibilität im Kindesschutz. Familien mit Migrationsgeschichte im Kindesschutz. Herausforderungen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten für die Soziale Arbeit.
No full textProzessorientiertes Schaffen für kollektive, transformative Ideen. Care, Co-Kreation und alternative Formen des Wissensaustauschs
No full textIn meiner Bachelor-Arbeit gestalte ich Räume, in denen TINFA (Trans*, Inter*, Non-binäre, Frauen und Agender) und marginalisierte Menschen kreative Prozesse initiieren und umsetzen können. Im Fokus steht prozessorientiertes Arbeiten als Haltung, Methode und Einladung. Theorie, Praxis und Begleitungen führten mich zu eigenen Grundsätzen, die mein Verständnis und zukünftiges kollektives Schaffen als Prozessgestalterin prägen.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11806/data/NextGen25-vb5i40f
Rebirth: Botanical convergence
No full texthttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11806/data/NextGen25-xuxzdc1