Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings
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Simulation of Vehicle Headlamp Levelling systems
Get PDFAdjustment systems are used in vehicle headlamps to regulate the flare on the street. The kinematic system within the headlamp is driven automatically based on level sensor signals and can additionally be manually set to a start position. In modern cars the automatic vehicle headlamp levelling is legal duty due to the strong cut-off line (COL) between dark and light. This COL can be measured in a workshop but not during operation. Due to the complex kinematics including nonlinear contacts, friction and damping a Modelica model is used to calculate the position of the COL. The results show a characteristic hysteresis of the horizonal position during automatic movement. The simulation results are compared to measurements and show good agreement
Design of Machine Learning method for decision-making support and reliability improvement in the investment casting process
Get PDFThe need to improve reliability and support decision-making in manufacturing has drawn attention to the application of diagnostic and decision-support tools. Particularly in the investment casting industry, data-driven methods can be the enabler for process diagnostics and decision support. Images from the microscopic examination in the investment casting process are used as data input, to detect defects in produced pieces. The microscopic examination usually relies solely upon the ability of the operator to determine whether an image from the microscope contains a defect. Therefore, an effective strategy for this decision-making process is crucial to improve the reliability of the examination. The use of the machine learning classifier Random Forest is introduced to derive predictions on the existence of a defect in the input image. This work focuses on employing machine learning tools for image recognition and the developed approach constitutes a decision support model to assist the operator and improve the reliability of their assessment
Approaching simulation-based controller design: heat exchanger case study
Get PDFSupported by an identification experiment using random-phase multisines, uncertain parameters in a grey-box model for a multiple-input multiple-output laboratory-scale heat exchanger are fitted to experimental data. By defining desired trajectories for the controlled system concerning setpoint changes, simulations and a cost function taking control signal activity into account, we determine both a linear and a nonlinear PI-controller. The resulting control systems are evaluated through practical experiments and analysis with encouraging results. The approach to modelling and controller design raises questions about what is needed from an educational point of view, e.g., what skills are needed for simulation-based control design and analysis
Process Simulation and Cost Estimation of CO2 Capture configurations in Aspen HYSYS
Get PDFA CO2 capture process from a natural gas based power plant has been simulated and cost estimated using an equilibrium-based model in Aspen HYSYS using the amine acid gas package. The aim has been to calculate cost optimum process parameters for the standard process and also for a vapor recompression process. After process simulation using Aspen HYSYS, the process equipment was dimensioned and cost estimated using Aspen In-plant. The Enhanced Detailed Factor (EDF) method was used to select factors to calculate the total investment. Operating cost for heat and electricity was calculated from the simulation with estimated cost on consumed heat and electricity. The cost was calculated to 21.2 EURO per ton CO2 removed and a vapor recompression process was calculated to 21.6 EURO per ton. A recompression case with 1.2 bar flash pressure was calculated to 21.3 EURO/ton CO2. The ΔTMIN in the amine/amine heat exchanger was varied, and the optimum at 15°C was 20.9 EURO per ton CO2. The vapor recompression alternative was in this work slightly more expensive than the traditional case. In earlier works, the vapor recompression process has been claimed to be more economical than the standard process. The difference in this work is mainly due to different cost estimates of the compressor investment. This work shows that Aspen HYSYS is well suited for optimizing process parameters in a CO2 capture process with and without vapor recompression
Traceable System of Systems Explorations Using RCE Workflows
Get PDFThe System of Systems (SoS) framework plays a pivotal role in delimiting aircraft design spaces by examining interactions among its Constituent Systems (CS). Each CS has a distinct collection of capabilities, some of which may be shared with other CS. The framework explores emergent behaviours that arise from communication between the CS within the SoS. These emergent behaviours are characterized by their unattainability by any individual CS and result from their collaborative nature. The identification of these emergent behaviours enables System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) to pinpoint the most valuable configurations of the SoS, thereby maximizing the collective value. Furthermore, these emergent behaviours aid in stipulating design requirements for new systems based on the capabilities outlined in the SoS study. To map the relationship between needs, capabilities, requirements, and behaviours, maintaining traceability throughout the study is paramount.This research employs workflows created using the Remote Component Environment (RCE), a specialized tool for structured and automated task development. The objective is to showcase RCE's integration capabilities- specifically for software tools and Python scripts- with task scheduling. This integration enables swift extraction of results, making them available at every step, thus augmenting analysis efficiency. The study focuses on the perspective of an aircraft designer during the early concept generation phase, specifically applied to the development of an electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) concept for wildfire detection
Development of a MATLAB-based code for quantification of effective void space in porous pavement
Get PDFPorous pavement is a well-documented, low-impact stormwater management technique. When it comes to design of the top layer, the amount of void space (porosity) is often of interest as it influences both infiltration and strength of the pavement. Laboratory equipment can be used to measure the porosity of core samples, but when more detail is required, other equipment or methods must be used. One such method is to scan the entire sample using a computer tomography (CT) machine and then perform some image processing techniques on the scanned data to reconstruct the sample digitally. While the workflow of scanning and processing to produce the 3D digital twin of porous pavement is not new and can be in fact done by open-source or commercial software, there are still some parts of the process that deserve a deeper investigation, for example binarization and segmentation algorithms applied to the solid-and-void space and void space, respectively. This is difficult to do with commercial software which operates like a black-box, and there needs to be more open-source codes that are user-friendly, extendable, and competitive to what commercial software can do. This work presents a MATLAB-based code that allows for a deeper investigation of how one can accurately and efficiently quantify the effective (or connected) void space of a porous pavement sample from a 3D digital model. We demonstrate the effect of dataset coarsening, which can be used to reduce the computational intensity of the algorithm while preserving accuracy. The code is publicly available online to allow for reproducible research and the possibility of extensions for increased functionality and complexity
Teamwork in novice ad-hoc first aid teams
No full textPeople close to accidents and catastrophes tend to give aid. When they act together, they spontaneously form ad-hoc teams with no previous experience in cooperating and varying degrees of knowledge and experience of providing crisis response. These teams voluntarily take on different tasks such as providing first aid, search and rescue of trapped injured people and transporting injured people to medical services. Teamwork is important in teams that work toward a common goal that is complex and interdependent. Teamwork would therefore be important for these teams, but little research has been done on the subject of teamwork in ad-hoc novice first aid teams.
Some of the work done suggests that implicit communication of expertise could be more likely due to the limited available time and that leadership roles are ambiguous in these teams. Learning by doing and communicating expertise is proposed to drive the coordination trough action. Leadership and membership of these teams are also described as fleeting and the work as improvised. Lacking from the field are studies investigating how the coordination and the assignment of leadership actually occur in these teams and what effect it has on the effectiveness on the aid provided. Such research could bridge the gap between understanding the teams acting in a crisis and the current educational efforts of first aid skills.
The current PhD-project aims to investigate facilitative factors of teamwork and leadership in ad-hoc novice first aid teams. The proposed method of investigation is simulated scenarios where novice immediate responders provide aid to simulated injured patients in an austere environment. A mixed analysis method is proposed including both statistical analyses to find general trends of successful teamwork and multimodal interaction analysis to describe the specifics of communicative processes for successful coordination and leadership. The results of the project are expected to add to the knowledge on how teamwork in first aid-teams takes place and to provide knowledge for future educational efforts
Transition Through Handprint Business Design for Eco-Responsible Consumer Solutions
Get PDFThe requirements for corporate environmental responsibility have shifted from reducing the carbon footprint of production to also cover the increasing use of carbon handprint by lowering the environmental impact of the offering. This paper discusses the guidance and development tools that support environmentally responsible, customer-orientated offering development in small-scale businesses. This support for the businesses has been created through business interviews, benchmark analysis, and co-creation in training sessions. The customer-driven design tools for environmentally responsible product and service solutions consist of a systemic design type of loop canvases to enable the modelling of low-impact consumption and production, and tools to analyze possibilities to lower the consumption impact of offerings, to cover the customer journey, and to support customer behavior change. The design of environmentally sustainable services changes the design goal from customer-driven, desirable solutions to transformation support, for customers as well as for businesses
Staging, co-creating and reframing: a framework to map a community-based project
Get PDFThe extension of the design domain over the last decades has shifted the focus from products to processes and opened the design process to new actors. The most applied frameworks to map the design process include several phases and techniques that can support focusing on stakeholders, but they are represented as fundamentally linear processes. These models might be insufficient in the currently expanded design domain where the designer has the role of facilitator rather than expert, and recursivity is essential. Based on a case study, this paper proposes a new design process of staging, co-creating and reframing that happens recursively over time, and where framing is applied to redefine the problem based on each interaction with the stakeholders. In the case study, the framework is applied in a community building project in Copenhagen. The design process is explained as it ran twice through the framework, involving various stakeholders
Adopting a co-design approach to foster collaborative capacity and reflexivity in Social Prescribing. A Service Ecosystem Design perspective
Get PDFThe article aims to explore potential areas of intervention by Service Design to enhance the non-clinical intervention called Social Prescribing (SP). We propose the example of two co-design workshops delivered as training modules for a pilot study in Portugal and in Italy for young people defined as NEETs (Not in Education, Employment or Training) informed by a previous case study research based in the UK where SP is established. We would like to discuss the “collaborative capacity” role that design can play as it will support the future emergence of co-creative activities in the ecosystem generated by Social Prescribing. This paper is the first step of the exploration of the relevance of the contribution of novel conceptual frameworks evolving from Service Ecosystem Design. This paper is part of a still ongoing research and we are discussing emerging questions that will guide further explorations on the topic, both theoretically and empirically