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Kiswahili kama Kichocheo cha Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi katika Nchi za Afrika Mashariki
No full textKiswahili ni lugha ya matumizi mapana katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki. Katika juhudi ya kujiendeleza kiuchumi, jamii mbalimbali zinahitaji lugha ya mawasiliano ambayo inaeleweka kwa wahusika kama njia kuu ya kuafikia maendeleo. Aidha, kunahitajika juhudi za kimakusudi miongoni mwa wananchi za kuimarisha viwango vyao katika matumizi ya Kiswahili ili kuitumia lugha hiyo katika kushirikisha mipango anuwai ya kimaendeleo katika nyanja za kiuchumi. Ni kutokana na hali hii ambapo makala haya yanaonyesha mchango wa Kiswahili katika suala zima la maendeleo ya kiuchumi katika nchi za Afrika Mashariki. Data ya makala haya ilikusanywa kupitia kwa upekuzi wa maandishi yanayohusu mchango wa lugha katika maendeleo ya jamii pamoja na yale yanayohusu hali halisi ya maendeleo ya kiuchumi katika nchi za Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki
Uchunguzi wa Kidrama wa Riwaya ya Kiswahili na Maendeleo ya Fasihi Afrika Mashariki: \u27Unaitwa Nani?\u27 ya K.W. Wamitila
No full textKatika makala haya ninachunguza namna dayalojia ya kidrama inavyotumika katika riwaya za kisasa za Kiswahili kama mbinu mojawapo ya kuwasilisha fikra na mawazo katika kazi ya fasihi; mintarafu riwaya ya Unaitwa nani? ya Wamitila. Baadhi ya riwaya za Kiswahili hasa zile zilizoandikwa mwishoni mwa karne ya 20 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 21 zimekuwa zikitumia fani mbalimbali za kiusasa-baadaye katika fasihi jarabati, msisitizo ukiwa kwenye matumizi ya fantasia ili kuwasilisha ujumbe. Katika uchunguzi huu nimejikita katika riwaya ya Unaitwa nani? nikitathmini matumizi ya fani ya dayalojia au lugha ya majibizano kama ilivyotumika katika riwaya kwa minajili ya kuwasilisha fikra. Nimetathmini lugha ya majibizano na usemezano kama inavyobainika katika Unaitwa nani Mijadala mbalimbali inayojitokeza na inavyoendelezwa kuhusiana na suala la kijinsia imezingatiwa kwa makini. Hatimaye kazi hii imekadiria mchango wa riwaya za kiusasa - baadaye katika maendeleo ya fasihi ya Kiswahili kwa jumla na hususan katika ukanda wa Mashariki mwa Afrika. Uchunguzi huu umeongozwa na nadharia ya usemezano ya Mikhail Bakhtin
Jazanda na Utambulisho wa Kijamii katika Tawasifu: Mfano wa Riwaya za \u27Unbowed, A Memoir\u27 (Wangari Maathai) na \u27Nasikia Sauti ya Mama\u27 (Ken Walibora)
No full textRiwaya ya tawasifu ni kitengo kisicho na maandishi mengi ya Kiswahili nchini Kenya kama ilivyo tawasifu katika lugha ya Kiingereza. Upekee wa tawasifu ni masimulizi ya mwandishi mwenyewe kujihusu kimaisha kwa lengo la kuuleza ukweli wake binafsi kisanii. Aghalabu, mtunzi wa tawasifu huteuwa yale anayotaka kutambulishwa nayo au kujulikana kwayo kati ya matukio na tajiriba zake nyingi za maisha. Hivyo basi, masimulizi mengi kwenye tawasifu humwelekeza msomaji kumtambua mwandishi kindakindaki kupitia kwa usemi wake mwandishi mwenyewe. Tabia, hulka, imani, matamanio na mazoea huungana kuijenga falsafa ya mwandishi wa tawasifu, ambayo huwa kichocheo kikubwa kwenye uandishi wake; yaani kujitambulisha binafsi na jamii yake. Ni muhimu kwa mtunzi wa tawasifu kuteuwa matukio, wahusika, mbinu na maudhui yanayomjenga yeye na kuitambulisha jamii yake kitabia, kitamaduni na kifalsafa. Mojawapo ya mbinu za kisanii zinazotumika kujieleza kifalsafa ni jazanda. Makala haya yanajadili matumizi ya jazanda kama kipengele cha utambulisho wa kijamii kwenye riwaya za kitawasifu kwa mintaarafu ya nadharia ya semiotiki
Utambuzi, Hisia na Mabadiliko ya Kisemantiki katika Leksia za Kiswahili
No full textMakala haya yamejadili nafasi ya utambuzi na hisia katika mabadiliko kwenye kisemantiki ya leksia za Kiswahili. Makala yanaonyesha namna maarifa katika utambuzi hujenga msingi na kuongoza mbinu na taratibu mbalimbali za mabadiliko ya kisemantiki na hatimaye kuchangia katika mabadiliko ya maana. Mifano mahususi ya leksia kutoka Kiswahili cha kabla ya Karne ya Ishirini na cha Karne ya Ishirini na Moja imelinganishwa ili kudhihirisha mabadiliko husika. Asili ya data ni matini teule za kabla ya Karne ya Ishirini, matini za kilekskografia za Karne ya Ishirini na Moja na kutoka kwa wazungumzaji wa pwani ya Kenya wenye elimu-asilia. Nadharia ya Semantiki Tambuzi imezingatiwa. Imebainika kuwa tajriba na maarifa yaliyofichamwa kwenye utambuzi huwa nguzo muhimu katika kuleta mabadiliko ya maana za leksia. Makala haya pia yamedhihirisha mchango na ufaafu wa vigezo vya kiutambuzi vya nadharia ya Semantiki Tambuzi katika kuelezea mabadiliko ya lugha
Literature as Medium for Moral Instruction: A Swahili/Islamic Analysis of Ahmad Nassir’s \u27Utenzi wa Mtu ni Utu\u27
No full textThis paper analyzed a narrative poem Mtu ni Utu by Ahmad Nassir Juma Bhalo.The analysis will be guided by the thesis that Swahili-Islamic poetry has been and continues to be an important tool for moral instruction following in the teachings of the holy Qur’an and sunnah of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad ( PBUH).The poem continues in the long tradition of Swahili poets using literature as a tool for moral instruction in society. The poem exhorts an individual and society to preach and practice love, impeccable morality, to value and strive to uphold marital vows since family is the cradle and foundation of humanity; to peacefully co-exist,cultivate and uphold good manners.All these are the sure ingredients to a morally upright social order comprising of God-fearing individuals, tolerant, mindful of other people’s welfare-beliefs,life-styles,culture and above all else,to be each other’s keepers as the holy books teach.It was found out that, the poem addresses basic tenets and teachings of not only Islam,but humanity which are a sure ingredient to a harmonious society.Since Kiswahili literature (poetry) now traverses the globe (it is widely read outside its traditional setting), it is our view that it is an avenue for the construction of moral values even to a non-muslim non-Swahili audience the world over
Metaphorical Construction and Interpretation of Kiswahili Compound and Complex Clauses
No full textThis paper investigates Kiswahili metaphorical constructions at the clause level. It argues that whereas Kiswahili metaphor has been studied for a considerable length of time grammatical features of Kiswhili metaphor are poorly understood. Further the conceptual aspects of the Kiswahili metaphors have not been conclusively studied to date. This paper therefore seeks to determine how these metaphorical expressions are constructed and how they express the conceptual metaphor. Concepual Metaphor Theory as proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Langacker’s theory of Cognitive Grammar (CG) (1987, 1991) are used in informing this study. The paper therefore examines the form-meaning components in a Kiswahili clause in order to identify how they are syntactically and semantically structured in the construction of metaphor
Uundaji wa Lakabu za EkeGusii
No full textLakabu hutumika kila mara katika jamii kuwarejelea watu wa kila tabaka. Kila mtu anaweza kujipa lakabu au akapatiwa jina hilo na wanajamii bila kujali iwapo atalipenda jina hilo au la. Makala haya yanafafanua mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazotumiwa katika kuunda lakabu za wachezaji kandanda katika kaunti dogo ya Kenyenya; kaunti ya Kisii; Kenya. Watafitiwa walikuwa baadhi ya wachezaji wa kandanda na pia mashabiki sugu wa mchezo huu waliochaguliwa kimakusudi. Data ya kimsingi ilikusanywa nyanjani kupitia mahojiano ya moja kwa moja. Mahojiano haya yaliongozwa na maswali teule yaliyolenga kuibua hisia lengwa. Data nyingine ilikusanywa makitabani kutokana na kazi teule. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalidhihirisha kuwa lakabu uundwa kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali kama vile: kuambisha au kudondosa viambishi vya nomino mbalimbali, kuunganisha nomino mbili, kutoka kwa nomino za pekee kama majina halisi ya watu, kutokana na vitenzi, vivumishi na vielezi. Pia kuna baadhi ya lakabu zinazoundwa kutokana na mbinu ya utohozi, ukopaji, ufupishaji wa maneno, uambatanishaji na pia uhamishaji wa maana kama inavyodhihirika katika makala haya
Representations of Ethnicised Violence in Kenya: The Case of Kinyanjui Kombani’s The Last Villains of Molo
Get PDFThis paper examines the twin notion of amnesia and complicity as evidenced in literary representations of ethnic violence in post colonial Africa. Starting from the premise that the relatively large body of writing based on the occurrence of this type of violence is by itself an affirmation of the way literature as a cultural product is tied to the social circumstance within which it is created, we look at how the literary works reconstruct narrative structures and characters to represent the traumatic experiences of the recent past. In dealing with the violent encounters the acts of perpetration and victimhood form an axis upon which the writing negotiates or mediates the post traumatic memory. The paper focuses primarily on Kinyanjui Kombani’s “The Last Villains of Molo”, a 2004 novel based on the 1991 ethnic violence in Kenya but which in a sense predicates the subsequent and even more violent encounters of 1997 and 2008 which took Kenya to the brink of a failed state. “The Last Villains of Molo” bears a similar burden as that of works such as Gatore’s “The Past Ahead”, Ndwaniye’s “The Promise I made my Sister”, Courtemanche’s “A Sunday at the Pool in Kigali”, Combre’s “Broken Memory” and Kyomuhendo’s “Secrets No More”, among others. In all these works which deal with the violence and genocide that has been a resident evil in Eastern Africa for the last two decades, often the problem has been how to present or bear witness to the entrapment of the society in some terrible and haunting memory that results from a traumatic disorientation. We employ a range of ideas which have trauma and loss as their concern, such as Freudian psychoanalysis and trauma theory especially from Caruth (1996a), to analyze the complexity of narration of violence, genocide and dislocation
Language Use amongst Multilingual Learners and their Teachers in a Pre-School Classroom in Nakuru County, Kenya
No full textThe Kenyan linguistic context is highly multilingual with over forty mother tongues. Majority of Kenyans are multilingual. As such, children from multilingual settings such as Nakuru County join school when they are already multilingual and are introduced to English that is used as the medium of instruction. However, limited ability in the English language hinders the learners from effective participation in classroom discourse. This paper therefore investigates how pre-school school children manage to learn English as a language and also use it for learning other subjects at the same time. It is based on the hypothesis that learners with the help of their teachers utilize various communication strategies to overcome the problem. The theoretical framework for this work is based on Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) classroom discourse model of Initiation Response Feedback (IRF) and is supplemented by Gumperz’s 1982 Communication theory and Interlanguage theory by Selinker (1972). The study employed a cross-sectional research design and was conducted at the ACK nursery school in Nakuru Conuty in Kenya. Purposive and cluster sampling methods were used to select the school, which had an accessible population of 52 that included 49 learners, two teachers and a head teacher. Data was collected by use of naturalistic observation method which was supplemented by audio and video recording. An interview schedule and observation notes were also used to collect corroborative information. Data was eventually analyzed by the use of Discourse Analysis, supplemented by descriptive statistics, and then presented in form of tables, figures and excerpts of transcripts (as examples). Conclusions were thereafter drawn from the findings that indicated that code-switching served as a communication strategy, especially in areas where learners experienced difficulties while communicating in English
Kiswahili kama Lugha Changizi: Uchambuzi wa Kifonolojia wa Maneno Yaliyokopeshwa Lugha ya Kikikuyu
No full textUkopaji katika lugha hupelekea kukua kwa lugha inayokopa. Kwa sababu hiyo, ukopaji ni mchakato uendeleao aushi. Kwa hakika, kila lugha ambayo wazungumzaji wake wamewahi kutagusana na wazungumzaji wa lugha nyingine haiwezi kuepuka maneno ya mkopo. Kutokana na masiala haya, tafiti nyingi zimefanywa kuhusu ukopaji na utohozi. Jambo linalodhirika ni kwamba mkazo huwekwa katika lugha pokezi huko lugha changizi ikipuuzwa. Kiswahili ni mojawapo wa lugha zinazosemwa kukopa sana hadi kuitwa lugha chotara na baadhi ya wasomi. Hata hivyo, jambo ambalo halijatiliwa mkazo ni kwamba Kiswahili nacho kimechangia katika kukuza msamiati wa lugha nyingi duniani. Hii leo, kuna maneno kadhaa ya Kiswahili hata katika lugha zilizosambaa sana kama Kiingereza. Kikikuyu ni mojawapo ya lugha zilizokopa maneno mengi kutoka Kiswahili. Watumizi wa Kiswahili na Kikikuyu wamekuwa na mtagusano hadi mwanzo wa karne iliyopita. Kutokana na hali hiyo, ukopaji unadhihirika. Makala haya yanachanganua mbinu tofauti za kifonolojia zinazotumika katika kutohoa maneno ya Kiswahili yanapoingia katika Kikikuyu. Kwa kuwa Kikikuyu kina lahaja zipatazo tano tofauti, katika kuchunguza maneno hayo, makala makala haya yatachota kutoka kwa lahaja hizo zote. Makala yatatumia mwelekeo wa Mshabaha-Chanzo wa Utohozi wa Manenomkopo (Source-Similarity Model of Loanwords Adaptation) ambao ni mmojawapo wa mielekeo ya Nadharia ya Ulinganifu (Correspondence Theory). Mwelekeo huu husisistiza kuwepo kwa mshabaha/ulinganifu mkubwa baina ya neno asilia na neno linalokopwa. Kwa kutumia mwelekeo huu, makala yanaonyesha kwamba mbinu zinazotumiwa kwa maneno yanayokopeshwa ni pamoja na udondoshaji, udumishaji, ubadilishaji pamoja na uhamishaji wa konsonanti. Kwa upande mwingine, mbinu za utohozi zinazotumiwa kwa irabu ni kama vile uchopekaji, udumishaji na ubadilishaji. Mbinu hizi huhakikisha kuwa maneno mkopo yanashabihiana kwa kiasi kikubwa na yale asilia ya Kiswahili