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Mabadiliko ya Kifonolojia ya Istilahi za Kiingereza katika Kiswahili: Uchunguzi Kifani kutoka Covid 19
Get PDFMiongoni mwa mambo yanayozifanya lugha kukopa na kutohoa istilahi ni mlipuko wa magonjwa. Gonjwa la COVID 19 limekuwa sababu ya lugha ya Kiswahili ama kukopa, kutohoa au kuhuisha istilahi za Kiingereza. Makala haya yanachunguza mabadiliko ya kifonolojia ya istilahi za Kiingereza katika Kiswahili kwa kujikita katika istilahi zinazohusiana na COVID 19. Katika kuchunguza mabadiliko ya kifonolojia ya utohozi wa istilahi hizo tumeongozwa na nadharia ya NFZ (Nadharia ya Fonolojia Zalishi) iliyoasisiwa na Noam Chomsky na Morris Halle (1968). Nadharia hii ni muafaka katika makala haya kwani inatoa mwongozo katika kuchunguza na kuchanganua mabadiliko ya sauti yanayojitokeza baada ya istilahi kutoholewa kutoka lugha chanzi kwenda lugha lengwa. Makala haya yanashughulikia mojawapo ya matokeo ya utohozi unaohusisha lugha ya Kiingereza na Kiswahili. Ili kufikia malengo ya makala yetu, zimetumika mbinu za hojaji na uchambuzi wa matini. Mbinu ya hojaji hurahisisha ukusanyaji wa data kutoka kwa watafitiwa wengi kwa muda mfupi (Mugenda na Mugenda 2003). Mbinu ya kuchambua matini imejumuisha usomaji wa nyaraka za kitaaluma kwa minajili ya kupata data ya makala yetu
Usawiri wa Wahusika wa Jinsia ya Kiume katika Riwaya ya \u27Chozi la Heri\u27
No full textFasihi ni kioo cha jamii kitumiacho lugha kwa usanii kwa kuashiria hali ya maisha katika jamii na kubainisha jinsi jamii inavyoshughulikia masuala mbalimbali. Makala haya inashughulikia usawiri wa wahusika wa jinsia ya kiume katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri na Assumpta Matei. Lengo kuu la makala haya ni kuchunguza usawiri wa wahusika wa kiume katika riwaya na aidha, kubainisha mielekeo ya wanajamii kuwahusu wahusika wa kiume. Makala haya yalijikita katika madhumuni ya kueleza matatizo yanayowakumba wanajinsia ya kiume katika riwaya ya Chozi la Heri. Nadharia ya Uhalisia imeongoza mjadala huu. Nadharia hii, iliasisiwa na tapo la wanamaendeleo. Baadhi ya waasisi wa nadharia ya Uhalisia ni kama vile; Balzac, Stendhal na Flaubert. Nadharia ya Uhalisia hutumiwa na watunzi kumulika tajriba anuwai katika jamii. Matokeo ya makala haya yalionyesha kuwa wahusika wa jinsia ya kiume wanapitia matatizo kama vile; kubaguliwa, upweke, kuharibiwa kwa mali zao, kupokonywa ardhi, kuhujumiwa, kuingizwa katika ulanguzi wa dawa za kulevya, kuibiwa, kusalitiwa, kuchochewa na kutoajiriwa. Inatarajiwa kuwa matokeo ya makala haya yatawafaa wasomi, wanajamii, na waandishi kung’amua kuwa nyakati za kumtwaza mwanaume zimeisha kwani anakumbwa na matatizo sawa na apitiayo mwanamke
The Anglophone Francophone Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the Potential and Future of Kiswahili
Get PDFThree European languages are used mainly as official national languages in Sub- Saharan Africa: French, English and Portuguese. Spanish is spoken and used as an official language in Equatorial Guinea only. The language sphere largely depicts an Anglophone Francophone divide. This study therefore explores the place of Kiswahili language in this divide. The study objectives were: to identify and explain the Anglophone and Francophone states, examine the potential, challenges and future of Kiswahili in the states in view of locally and globally changing circumstances; discuss some best practices and gains of Kiswahili language management, underpin the contribution of Kiswahili language to a nation’s wellbeing and lastly, assess the interface of Kiswahili language with other knowledge systems. Qualitative methodological approach guided data collection process. Community Development Theory is the study’s theoretical framework. This theory focuses on planning and managing policy, projects, programmes and processes relating to sustainable development. Purposive sampling was employed to select a 30% sample of Anglophone and /or Francophone States and their status of Kiswahili. Data was analyzed by coding and content analysis. This study is a bridge for further research and an insight to language decision making challenges in African States
Athari za Mazingira Asilia ya Mtunzi katika Ukiushi wa Kaida za Uhalisia kama Kipengele cha Uhalisiamazingaombwe: Mifano kutoka Riwaya za Shaaban Robert na za Euphrase Kezilahabi
Get PDFMakala haya yanachunguza jinsi ukiushi wa kaida za uhasilia kama kipengele cha uhalisiamazingaombwe unavyojitokeza katika riwaya za Shaaban Robert na za Euphrase Kezilahabi. Riwaya zilizoteuliwa ni Kusadikika (1951) na Adili na Nduguze (1952) za Shaaban Robert pamoja na Nagona (1990) na Mzingile (1991) za Euphrase Kezilahabi. Tumefanya uteuzi wa kazi mbili za Shaaban Robert na mbili za Kezilahabi ili kupata kazi zinazosadifu matumizi ya ukiushi wa kaida zilizoandikwa kabla na kipindi cha usasabaadaye katika fasihi ya Kiswahili. Kazi za Shaaban Robert zilizoteuliwa zimewakilisha kipindi kabla ya usasabaadaye na za Kezilahabi zimewakilisha kipindi cha usasabaadaye katika riwaya ya Kiswahili. Tumechagua riwaya zilizoandikwa katika vipindi hivyo tofauti ili kuchunguza jinsi ukiushi wa kaida kama kipengele cha uhalisiamazingaombwe ulivyotumika katika nyakati tofauti katika historia ya riwaya ya Kiswahili. Hii ni kwa sababu suala au tukio fulani linaweza kuonekana la ukiushi wa kaida au la kawaida kulingana na mabadiliko yanayotokea katika jamii uhusika. Mabadiliko hayo yanaweza kusababishwa na miingiliano ya jamii kiutamaduni pamoja na maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia. Riwaya za Adili na Nduguze na Kusadikika za Shaaban Robert zimeteuliwa kwa sababu ndizo riwaya zake zilizosheheni matumizi mengi ya ukiushi wa kaida zenye sifa za uchawi na mazingaombwe zaidi ya riwaya zake zilizosalia; Ilihali riwaya za Nagona na Mzingile licha ya kusheheni matumizi mengi ya ukiushi wa kaida lakini ndizo riwaya za Kezilahabi zilizoandikwa kipindi cha usasabaadaye katika fasihi ya Kiswahili. Makala imejikita katika kuchunguza ukiushi wa kaida za mahali au mazingira, ukiushi wa kaida kati ya mbali na karibu, ukiushi wa kaida za kimawasiliano kwa kutumia lugha kati ya binadamu na viumbe wengine na ukiushi wa kaida kati ya uhai na kifo
Zanzibari Worlds: A Relational Reading of Abdulrazak Gurnah’s "By The Sea" and Adam Shafi Adam’s "Vuta n’kuvute"
Get PDFMy aim is to bring into conversation two novels, each by a renowned author from Zanzibar: Abdulrazak Gurnah’s By the Sea (published in 2001) and Shafi Adam Shafi’s Vuta n’kuvute (“Tug of War,” published in 1999), which offer literary imaginings of Zanzibari worlds in the turbulent 1960s. The two novels—written in English and Swahili, respectively—have never been brought into relation with each other, since they belong to two different literary worlds. Questioning this dichotomy, however, I will show moments where the novels overlap, situate Gurnah’s By the Sea in a local Zanzibari context, and sketch out the more global panorama and multitude of narratives in Shafi’s Vuta n’kuvute, while also drawing attention to the novels’ differences. Lastly, instead of ceaselessly confirming its own (Western-dominated) paradigms of analysis, I argue that Indian Ocean literary studies needs to take into account greater literary diversity in terms of language, narrative, and historical perspective in order to gain a more diverse perspective on Indian Ocean worlds
The Societal Construction of Femininity as Depicted in the Metaphor of Chicken in Swahili Proverbs
Get PDFThis paper is an exploration of the Swahili societal construction of femininity as depicted in proverbs formulated on the metaphor of ‘chicken.’ Birds, both domestic and wild are acknowledged as harbingers; therefore, they are couriers of signs, messages, and teachings. Bird signification in most cases is culture-specific but not arbitrary in its application given those birds, chicken included have been used as predictive signs capable of canvassing human behavioral patterns and even cognitive processes. Chicken is a popular bird reared by the Swahili people for its nutritional and commercial value. Apart from these material benefits, chicken is also critically embedded in the Swahili cultural life as reflected in the ubiquitous proverbs framed on the metaphor of chicken. The paper examines these metaphors with the view of understanding how the proverbs formulated within the chicken metaphor trajectory are used in the construction, circulation, and maintenance of perceptions of femininity in Swahili society. It also explores how the chicken attributes are appropriated to make reference to women either positively or negatively. This paper is premised on selected tenets of the feminist literary theory so as to enable an insightful examination of the societal construction of femininity in the selected proverbs
Ukubalifu wa Silabi Funge katika Fonolojia ya Kiswahili
Get PDFMakala haya yanachunguza ukubalifu wa silabi funge katika fonolojia ya Kiswahili kwa kutumia mifano kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza. Tafiti kadhaa zilibainisha uchopezi wa irabu baada ya konsonanti funge kuwa ni mkakati wa urekebishaji unaotumiwa sana katika upokeaji wa maneno ya mkopo katika Kiswahili ili kuondoa silabi funge. Hata hivyo silabi funge zimebainika katika fonolojia ya Kiswahili. Kutokana na msingi kuwa mifumo ya fonolojia ya lugha hufikiriwa kuwa thabiti zaidi dhidi ya mabadiliko, kuna haja ya kuchunguza ukubalifu wa silabi funge hizo katika fonolojia ya Kiswahili. Data zilizotumika zilipatikana kutoka Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu 2013 (KKS), Toleo la tatu. Nadharia ya Umbo Upeo sambamba na Nadharria ya fonolojia Amirifu zilitumiwa katika uchanganuzi wa data. Matokeo yanaonesha kuwa upangiliaji upya wa mashartizuizi unaeleza upenyezaji wa silabi funge katika Kiswahili na ukubalifu wa silabi funge hizo umeelezwa na fonolojia Amirifu. Uelekeo wa watumiaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kutumia nguvu kwa uwekevu katika matumizi ya ala za matamshi umesababisha fonolojia ya Kiswahili kuzuia uchopezi wa irabu katika upokeaji wa maneno yenye silabi funge kutoka Kiingereza na Kiarabu
A World(-System) of Debris: Ruins, Remains, and Self-Writing in Narratives across The Indian Ocean
Get PDFAddressing critical debates within the scholarship on Indian Ocean studies, African literary studies, and world literature, this article offers a reflection on the idea of ruins, remains (Stoler, 2013, 2016), and self-writing (Mbembe, 2002) as critical and aesthetic concepts through which visual and literary narratives register the past and problematize the future, suggesting new critical possibilities to address and analyze contemporary African literary writing. Addressing the photography project Mosquito Coast: Travels from Maputo to Mogadishu (Guillaume Bonn, 2015) and the literary works of contemporary authors such as Nuruddin Farah, Abdulrazak Gurnah, and João Paulo Borges Coelho, the article aims to problematize Indian Ocean literatures as a field of study and, therefore, to propose a redefinition of literary and visual narratives within the Indian Ocean as modes of registering the combined and uneven development of the capitalistic world-system. Following the theoretical formulations proposed by the Warwick Research Collective (WreC), the article establishes a counterpoint between the critical debate on world literature and Indian Ocean studies in order to address the Indian Ocean world and its literary forms within a materialist line of thought
Artistic Imaginaries of War in East Africa: “Worlding” as an Agency of Peace Culture
Get PDFThis article explores the idea of “worlding” as a form of agency in war-intervention imaginaries in East Africa. The article argues that these imaginaries draw their materiality from experiences of war and in return attempt to provide these “worlds” of wars with new and alternative meanings and possibilities. It is these new alternative meanings and possibilities that indeed constitute peace culture. The agency of (re)imagining a peace culture is what constitutes “worlding.” That is, the power of the imaginary to transform lived realities as found in the worlds of these artists as they know and experience them, and in return, the worlds their imaginations (en)vision. Thus, “worldings” in these war imaginaries are construed as a means of devising a world by choosing its chaotic and dysfunctional present while similarly aiming at its transformative future. “Worlding” in a work of art is the process of bringing into being or “setting up” a world or worlds; it is therefore the process of defamiliarizing the world as we know it, investing it with new meanings, and opening it to new possibilities. In demonstrating how “worlding” manifests as an agency of peace culture, the following imaginaries of war are the key subjects of analysis: Ni Sisi, a film for community development; the play Thirty Years of Bananas, by Alex Mukulu; and the novel Murambi, the Book of Bones, by Boubacar Boris Diop
Changamoto katika Kutathmini Stadi za Kusikiliza na Kuzungumza katika Kiswahili kwenye Mitihani ya KCPE na KCSE nchini Kenya
Get PDFTathmini ya ujuzi wa wanafunzi katika elimu ina nafasi kubwa kwa sababu huwa na malengo kama vile kutafuta thamani au ubora wa madhumuni ya masomo yanayowekwa na mwalimu, mbinu za kufundisha na hata thamani ya maarifa yanayopitishwa kwa wanafunzi. Vipengele vya lugha ambavyo huhitaji kutathminiwa kila wakati kupitia tathmini endelevu au baada ya kipindi fulani cha wakati kupitia tathmini tamati ni stadi za kusikiliza, kuzungumza, kuandika, na kusoma. Ikiwa hizi ndizo aina za tathmini maarufu katika kupima viwango mbalimbali vya maarifa, basi pana haja ya kuchunguza jinsi tathmini hizi hususan tathmini tamati katika mitihani ya KCPE na KCSE nchini Kenya inavyofanikisha kupima ujuzi wa wanafunzi katika stadi za kusikiliza na kuzungumza katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Katika kufanya hivyo, makala haya yanaangazia mbinu zinazotumiwa na changamoto wanazokumbana nazo Baraza la Mitihani la Taifa Nchini Kenya (Kenya National Examination Council, KNEC) katika kuandaa tathmini za stadi za lugha hususan kusikiliza na kuzungumza. Aidha, pana haja ya kutoa mapendekezo ya jinsi ya kukabiliana na changamoto hizo. Mtazamo wa Uchanganuzi Matini (Frey, 1999) unatumiwa kuelekeza uchunguzi katika makala haya