EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition as Tools for International Cooperation in Tanzania: Practice and Challenges
Get PDFThe role of Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) and Extradition in fostering international cooperation in criminal matters has gained significant attention in recent years, especially in the context of cross-border crimes. This paper examines the effectiveness of the MLA and Extradition mechanisms in Tanzania, exploring their legal framework, practical application, and the challenges encountered in their implementation. Through an analysis of national laws, international treaties, and case studies, this study aims to assess how Tanzania's legal system facilitates international cooperation in criminal justice. It highlights the procedural obstacles, legal ambiguities, and human rights concerns that can impede the smooth execution of MLA and Extradition requests. Additionally, the paper explores the role of regional and international partnerships in addressing these challenges and strengthening Tanzania’s capacity to combat transnational crime. Ultimately, this work seeks to contribute to a more effective framework for international cooperation in criminal matters, aligning Tanzania’s practices with global standards and ensuring the protection of fundamental rights in the proces
Mapping Women in Prisons Skills Development for Reintegration in the Communities of Aden Region, Yemen
Get PDFThis study explored the social, psychological and economic needs of incarcerated women in Yemen, particularly their preparation for reintegration, and how these needs impact their successful integration into their respective communities. The struggle for skill acquisition among women in Yemen is closely tied to limited access to capital for income-generating activities, with financial resources typically controlled by male counterparts. Gender disparities in the treatment and support of female prisoners are prevalent globally, as women represent about 7% of the global prison population, with over 700,000 incarcerated women worldwide (World Prison Brief, 2023). Research indicates that up to 80% of jailed women have experienced trauma, and nearly 50% suffer from mental health issues (Woods, 2015; Van Olphen et al., 2009). This study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach, utilising in-depth interviews with 24 participants, including both prison staff and incarcerated women. The findings reveal a significant gap in structural interventions addressing the skill development needs of incarcerated women in Yemen, which hinders their successful reintegration into society. There is a clear link between the skills required for reintegration and the root causes of female incarceration in Yemen’s prison system. Despite these challenges, many formerly incarcerated women express a strong desire to avoid reoffending by engaging in locally driven income-generating activities that could foster self-reliance and economic independence. Future research should explore the reasons behind the community's resistance to addressing the skill needs of incarcerated women, despite Yemen’s commitment to international conventions. Additionally, the role of international and local NGOs in supporting these needs warrants further investigation, particularly regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of their intervention
Development of a Life Cycle Cost Analysis Model for Mortuary Buildings to Enhance Availability Performance: The Case Study of Musoma Municipal Council Hospital
Get PDFHealthcare facilities require comprehensive maintenance management strategies to ensure optimal service delivery and operational efficiency. This study developed a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to improve maintenance management and availability performance of mortuary buildings, using Musoma Municipal Council Hospital as a case study. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, involving comprehensive field observations, structured interviews, and systematic surveys with 36 participants representing diverse stakeholders, including engineers, administrators, technicians, mortuary staff, and healthcare professionals. Twelve technical factors influencing maintenance costs were systematically analysed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) methodology to establish priority rankings based on professional expertise and operational experience. The analysis revealed that electrical systems' reliability and backup power emerged as the most critical factor (RII = 0.931), followed by environmental control for chemical storage (RII = 0.923), and infection control and biosafety features (RII = 0.915). A robust multiple regression model was subsequently formulated using the seven highest-ranked factors, producing strong predictive outcomes with R² = 0.780, indicating that 78% of the variance in availability performance could be explained by the identified technical factors. The resulting prediction equation: Y = 0.01 + 0.02X₁ − 0.11X₂ + 0.032X₃ + 0.08X₄ + 0.05X₅ + 0.03X₆ + 0.09X₇ demonstrated statistical significance (F = 10.327, p < 0.001), where X₁ to X₇ represent the prioritized technical components. Comprehensive validation over an eight-month period confirmed the model's reliability and practical applicability, with availability performance demonstrating significant improvement from 20% classified as "Very Severe" in January to 97% classified as "Very Good" in May. The study contributes to the limited body of knowledge on specialised healthcare facility maintenance management and provides hospital administrators with evidence-based tools for strategic decision-making, preventive maintenance planning, cost optimisation, and sustainable mortuary service delivery
Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education Practice: Experiences from Mountains of the Moon University
Get PDFThis study investigated the adoption and utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the teaching and learning environment at Mountains of the Moon University (MMU), Uganda. As AI technologies become increasingly integrated into global higher education, institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa face both opportunities and contextual challenges in leveraging these tools effectively. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with a purposive sample of 47 participants, comprising 12 lecturers, 5 IT administrators, and 30 student leaders. The findings reveal a growing use of AI tools, particularly ChatGPT and MetaI, for academic purposes such as assignment support, test construction, and information retrieval. However, awareness and usage of other AI tools, such as Claude, remain limited, indicating gaps in exposure and training. While lecturers primarily use AI to supplement content development and streamline assessment preparation, more advanced applications such as data analysis, simulation, augmented reality, and other immersive learning technologies remain largely unexplored. The integration of AI at MMU is uneven and shaped by multiple factors, including unreliable internet connectivity, limited AI literacy, ethical concerns, and varied perceptions among stakeholders. The study highlights the need for context-sensitive strategies to support the adoption of AI in African universities. Key recommendations include enhancing digital infrastructure, developing structured AI literacy training for faculty and students, and fostering an institutional culture that promotes ethical and responsible AI us
Unlocking the Potential of Action Research: A Guide for Students and Lecturers
Get PDFPurpose: This article aims to unlock the potential of action research by providing a comprehensive, literature-based guide for students and lecturers. It emphasises how action research bridges theory and practice across disciplines, enabling learners and educators to address real-world problems in meaningful, context-specific ways. Rationale: Given the growing emphasis on reflective, participatory, and contextually grounded research methodologies, action research is increasingly relevant in fields such as education, healthcare, and the social sciences. Its capacity to promote critical thinking, collaboration, and reflection contributes significantly to both personal and professional development for students and educators alike. Methodology: This article is grounded in a literature analysis of key academic sources related to action research. It explores the historical development, principles (including participation, iteration, and reflection), and various types of action research such as participatory, collaborative, and practitioner research. It also outlines the action research cycle, problem identification, planning, action, observation, and reflection with illustrative examples. Findings: Action research fosters deeper engagement, critical inquiry, and collaborative learning. While it presents challenges such as concerns about validity, reliability, and generalizability, strategies to address these are also well-documented in the literature. Best practices for ethical engagement, rigorous data collection, and effective supervision are identified, particularly in the context of higher education. Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice: The article underscores the transformative potential of action research in advancing educational practice and research. For theory, it contributes to the discourse on participatory and practice-based methodologies. For research, it supports context-sensitive approaches that value stakeholder input. For practice, it guides students and lecturers in implementing action research effectively, enhancing their capacity to engage in continuous improvement and innovation
From Print to Digital: A Historical-Political Economy Narrative of the Emergence and Adoption of ePapers in the Ugandan Press
Get PDFIn this article, we historicize the emergence and adoption of electronic newspapers (ePapers) in Uganda’s mediascape over the last three decades. Despite the extensive literature on Uganda’s media and its political economy entanglements, it is puzzling that little attention has been paid to the rise of ePapers—a surprising omission given the growing relevance of digital journalism, especially in the Global South. Adopting a Historical Political Economy perspective, we employ a qualitative approach involving key informant interviews to explore how economic pressures, political constraints, and technological change have steered Uganda’s transition to digital newspapers. We identify key institutional shifts and strategic innovations that have shaped the electronic adaptation of the ePaper model by Uganda’s print media. The findings present a media ecosystem undergoing political economy changes and socio-techno-structural transformations involving neoliberal economic reforms under Structural Adjustment Programmes, a de-regulated policy environment that allowed emergency of private media; the spread of the internet and mobile telephony during the 1990s; the rise of social media and digital accelerations in the 2000s; alternative revenue motivation due to declining print circulations; and the COVID-19 pandemic that hastened digital-first strategies. Beyond this historical narrative, we highlight multiple implications of this transition for press freedom, media sustainability and preservation, and mediated public discourse. We further offer pathways for further research across Africa and beyon
The Readiness of Coffee Stakeholders to Comply with the European Union Deforestation Regulations in Kyarumba Sub-County, Kasese District, Uganda
Get PDFThe European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) introduces new sustainability requirements that affect Uganda’s agricultural and forestry exports. This study investigates the level of readiness among key stakeholders in Kyarumba Sub-County, Kasese District, to comply with the EUDR. Through interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, the study finds that while there is growing awareness of environmental compliance, most local stakeholders lack the technical, financial, and institutional capacity to meet EUDR requirements. Recommendations are made for targeted capacity building, government support, and inclusive policy design to ensure that rural communities are not left behind in the global shift toward deforestation-free value chain
Corporate Environmental Awareness as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Practices in Large Manufacturing Firms: A Phenomenological Study in a Developing Economy
Get PDFThis study investigates corporate environmental awareness efforts towards sustainability in large manufacturing firms. Qualitative data were collected from 22 environmental managers in 22 large manufacturing firms. The findings highlight significant insights on CEA grouped within internal and external environmental awareness. Insights indicate that sustainability practices are shaped by internal environmental awareness practices, including Employee sensitisation, Environmental SOPs, Internal environmental policy, and CEO awareness support. External environmental awareness practices include Customer sensitisation, Awareness for transparency, Collaborative awareness, and Supplier sensitisation. However, external environmental awareness is limited by finances. Findings contribute to stakeholder theory by indicating how firms can conform to these practices in creating awareness among different stakeholders. CEA internal and external practices feed into the affective, cognitive, conative, and active dimensions of environmental awareness at the firm/organisational leve
Simulation d’une Crue Centennale pour la Cartographie des Zones de Dangers d’Inondations dans le Sous Bassin Versant du Mayo Tsanaga (Extrême-Nord, Cameroun)
Get PDFLes catastrophes d’inondations constituent de nos jours, l’un des problèmes majeurs auquel fait face l’humanité toute entière. C’est dans cette perspective que s’inscrit cet article sur la simulation d’une crue centennale pour la cartographie des zones de dangers d’inondations dans le sous bassin versant du Mayo Tsanaga (Extrême-nord, Cameroun). L’objectif de la présente étude est de cartographier les zones de dangers d’inondations à partir des résultats de la simulation d’une crue centennale. Une méthodologie basée sur l’analyse des séries pluviométriques (1982-2023), couplée aux analyses des images satellites (Alos Palsar DEM de 10 m de résolution, Airbus, Bing Satellite), nous a permis d’atteindre les résultats escomptés. Les principaux résultats montrent des vitesses d’écoulement comprises entre 0 et au-delà de 7,64 m/s, des hauteurs et des profondeurs d’eau parfois supérieures à 4 m, selon les endroits, dans la zone étudiée. La combinaison des hauteurs d’eau et des vitesses d’écoulement dans le sous bassin versant du Mayo Tsanaga, a permis de cartographier les zones de dangers d’intensité forte (1663 maisons) ; moyenne (1704 maisons) et faible (2551 maisons). Les recommandations suisses relatives à la gestion optimale des zones inondables précisent que les zones à forte intensité doivent être classées comme zones d’interdiction de construire, celles à intensité moyenne comme zones réglementées, et celles à faible intensité comme zones de sensibilisation. Les conclusions auxquelles nous sommes parvenues constituent, sans nul doute, un véritable outil d’aide à la décision visant à améliorer le cadre et les conditions de vie des populations résidant dans les zones à risque d’inondations dans le sous bassin versant du Mayo Tsana
Optimising Social Media Identity Functionality for Enhanced Performance of Licensed Accommodation Facilities in Uganda
Get PDFThe hospitality sector contributes to the Ugandan economy, with 667,000 people (6.7% of total employment) reported to be employed in the sector. Despite this, several licensed accommodation facilities are underperforming, with occupancy rates below the benchmark of 30%. Previous studies have increasingly examined social media in the hospitality sector, focusing mostly on its general usage while overlooking the effects of specific social media functionalities on firm performance. This study addresses the identified gap by analysing how social media identity functionalities affect the performance of licensed accommodation firms in Uganda. The study was grounded in the resource-based view theory and the social media functionality framework. It employed a quantitative research approach with a correlational research design. From 185 licensed accommodation facilities, a sample of 180 managers was surveyed, whereas 19 assistant managers participated in the pretesting of the questionnaire. Validity was established using the content validity index, and reliability was established through Cronbach's alpha (>0.7). Descriptive statistics (frequencies and means) and inferential statistics, primarily linear regression analysis, were used in data analysis to test the research hypotheses. The study findings revealed that social media identity functionality had a statistically significant effect on the performance of licensed accommodation facilities in Uganda (F [5, 174] = 62.498, p < .001). Together, the variables accounted for 50.6% of the variance in performance (R2 = .506). The evidence suggests that social media does not only serve communication purposes; rather, it becomes a strategic resource if select functionalities are harnessed. The study therefore recommends that accommodation establishments in Uganda can enhance their performance by adopting certain social media functionalities in their marketing and customer engagement strategies. These findings contribute to the literature by broadening the understanding of social media's role in firm performance, particularly in the context of licensed accommodation establishments in developing economies where empirical evidence is limited