EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Mahusiano ya Uwezo katika Muwala wa Mada katika Hotuba Teule za Marais Kikwete na Samia, Kenya
Get PDFMuwala huchukuliwa kuwa kipengele cha diskosi ambacho hufasiriwa kulingana na muktadha na hujumuisha dhana zinazohusiana, utathmini na msemezano. Makala hii iliangazia makala muwala wa mada katika hotuba teule za Marais Jakaya Kikwete (Kikwete) na Samia Suluhu (Samia). Nadharia iliyoongoza makala hii ni Uchanganuzi Makinifu wa Diskosi. Nadharia hii hudokeza kuwa lugha yenyewe haina mamlaka bali huyapata inapotumiwa na wenye mamlaka katika miundo ya kijamii. Sampuli ya makala hii ilipakuliwa kutoka Kumbukumbu za Kudumu za Mabunge ya Kitaifa nchini Kenya zilizoko mtandaoni. Diskosi za hotuba teule zilizo sampuli ya makala hii ni zile zilizowasilishwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili baina ya miaka (2013-2022). Kipindi hiki ni awamu ya 11 na 12 ya Bunge la Kitaifa na awamu ya 2 na 3 ya Bunge la Seneti nchini Kenya. Jumla ya hotuba 2 ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa kujikita kwenye mbinu ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo. Muundo wa kimaelezo ulitumika katika kukusanya, kuchambua na kuwasilisha matokeo ya utafiti. Data ya makala hii ilikusanywa kutokana na mchakato wa usomaji wa kina wa hotuba teule. Data iliainishwa kulingana na maswali ya utafiti. Matokeo yalibainisha kuwa vipengele vya kigezo cha hali, washiriki katika diskosi, madhumuni ya mawasiliano, kitendo neni kilichotendwa na kaida za mawasiliano yalikuza muwala wa mada katika hotuba teule. Makala hii ilibainisha namna masuala ya kimuktadha huchangia muwala wa ndani na wa kijumla ili kuleta uelewaji wa diskosi ili kukuza mahusiano ya uwezo katika diskosi. Makala hii ilipendekeza tafiti za baadae zifanywe kuhusu namna vibainishi vya muktadha wa diskosi hukuza maana ya implikecha
Agro-Pastoral Community of West Pokot County, Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Climate Change Adaptation
Get PDFClimate change is now a reality and is one of the most important environmental and developmental challenges to the achievement of sustainable development goals, with implications for small-scale agro-pastoral productions. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities small-scale agro-pastoralists face in trying to attain sustainable climate change adaptation in West Pokot County, Kenya. The study used a stratified, purposive and random sampling technique. Primary data was collected from a sample of 384 household heads and validated through focused group discussions, key informant interviews and observations. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V22) and Microsoft Excel. Data collected on perceptions of climate change were coded and analysed using descriptive and qualitative content analysis. The small-scale agro-pastoral community employs a variety of strategies to respond to the adverse effects of climate variability and change. Alternative livelihoods, migration, water harvesting, irrigation, planting drought-tolerant and early maturing crops, early land preparation and delayed planting are all examples of local responses and interventions. Others are staying away from flooded areas, uptake of soil and water conservation measures. However, the study identified a number of barriers to adaptation to climate variability and change, including crop failure, crop water stress, crop damage, insufficient water storage facilities, high costs, food shortages, livestock deaths, pests, and diseases. The opportunities available are strengthening the capacity of small-scale agro-pastoralists on information and climate-smart agricultural technologies, innovations and management practices. The results are crucial in planning appropriate adaptation mechanisms in support of enhancing the resilience of the small-scale agro-pastoral communities to tackle climate variability and chang
Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on the Livelihoods of Pastoralist Communities in Bagamoyo District, Coastal Tanzania
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the livelihoods of pastoralist communities in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. To collect sufficient information, 10% (880) of the total pastoralists’ households were randomly selected for structured interviews. Other methods employed include field observation, Key Informants Interview and Focus Group Discussions with purposively selected respondents. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse the data collected. The findings reveal that approximately 74% of respondents believe climate change has harmed livestock quality. The ongoing decrease in rainfall and rising temperatures have heightened the vulnerability of pastoralists. This shift has led to a decline in both the quality and quantity of livestock, resulting in food shortages and increased poverty. In response, pastoralists have adapted by diversifying their livelihoods, changing food sources, selecting different livestock breeds, reducing herd sizes, and migrating. The study recommends modernising local adaptation strategies to enhance the resilience of pastoralist communities in the face of climate change challenge
Assessing the Effect of Academic Support Services on Students’ Satisfaction with Service Quality at Regentropfen University College in the Upper East Region
Get PDFThis research work was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of academic support services on undergraduate students’ satisfaction with customer service quality at Regentropfen University College in the Upper East Region of Ghana. A quantitative approach and a descriptive design were used to guide the research process. Census sampling technique was employed and data was collected from an accessible population of 464 students, through a closed-ended questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression were the data analysis tools used. The results indicated that students had a positive perception of academic support services, with tutoring services rated positively (M d= 3.17, SD = 1.11), again positive rating for tutors' availability to offer advice to students (M = 2.98, SD = 1.16) and resource adequacy (M = 2.75, SD = 1.15). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between academic support services and student satisfaction (r² = 0.028, p < 0.001). The findings underscored the need for continuous improvement in support services to enhance student experiences and satisfaction. This study has established the evidence that when universities offer tailored and effective academic support services to students, the universities would be contributing to enhancing the educational experiences for their students and potentially raising the academic success of these students. It is recommended that universities' Academic Support Services Departments increase accessibility (for instance, setting longer hours or online options), thus removing barriers to the services for students in terms of accessibility and support when they need it. Additionally, it is recommended that the Office of Institutional Research periodically assess academic support services as a way to gain student feedback on the accessibility and usefulness of the supports provided on campus. The data would be useful to implement improvements to the support provided
Strategies of Managing Co-Curricular Activities in Secondary Schools in Gulu City
Get PDFThe study was on determining the strategies of managing co-curricular activities in secondary schools in Gulu City. The objective was to determine the strategies of managing co-curricular activities (CCAs) in secondary schools in Gulu City. Benchmarking, awarding scholarships, training and coaching, financing of CCAs, sponsorships to excelling students, assigning patrons and matrons with roles to manage clubs and societies, and role modelling denote strategies of managing co-curricular activities. Correlation design was employed; data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observation surveys from 218 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data on strategies of managing CCAs in secondary schools, and Bivariate Regression was used to generalise. The findings were presented in the form of tables and narratives from the interview. The findings revealed that the preferred strategies of managing CCAs by the different secondary schools in Gulu City were: assigning patrons and matrons, certificates, training and coaching, and scholarship, ranked accordingly. The findings revealed that though independent variables such as scholarship, sponsorship, benchmarking, financing, and assigning of matrons and patrons have positive outcomes, strategies such as role modelling and mentorship approach are demotivating if not employed with more care. It was found that strategies such as training and coaching, and the award of certificates of good performance, significantly improved students’ achievement. The study recommended that the government should prioritise funding for co-curricular activities from the grassroots to the national level, focusing on talent identification and development. City leaders should lobby development partners and the central government for adequate fundin
Melodrama Tropes as Language Registers of Trauma in the Gacaca Trilogy
Get PDFThis paper examines how melodrama tropes function as language registers of trauma in one of the Gacaca Trilogy: Living Together Again in Rwanda (Aghion, 2003). Therefore, the paper sought to interrogate how the documentary employed melodrama tropes as a narrative framework technique to depict narrative registers of trauma. Initially, the paper explored the melodrama trope of recognition, rooted in a symbolic Manichean worldview, to narrate the major conflicts of the selected trilogy. Therefore, it scrutinised how the trilogy's narrative structure is constructed around moral oppositions of 'good and evil' to represent trauma, and secondly, it examined melodrama's last-minute rescue trope that narrated sudden interventions that saved a character from despair. The paper employed a multi-modal transcription method for decoding primary data, and the findings were interpreted using narratological and literary trauma theories. The paper revealed that Manichean and last-minute melodramatic tropes function as key narrative devices that encode traumatic experiences, shaping the documentary's registers of trauma. In addition, the paper concluded that these melodrama tropes mediate the representation of war trauma, contributing to broader discourses on memory, violence, and the narrative structure of the Gacaca trilog
Navigating Household Care Dynamics: Examining Gendered Roles in Low-Income Tanzanian Households
Get PDFThis study critically examined the gendered division of household care work in low-income households in Tanzania, exploring the relationship between cultural norms, economic realities, and gender roles. The study utilised a narrative literature review to synthesise existing research from 2000 to 2024 on the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to gender inequalities in household care dynamics. Findings indicate that women spend an average of 4.4 hours of unpaid care work daily, compared to 1.4 hours for men, limiting their participation in paid employment and reinforcing economic dependency. Although urban areas exhibit a gradual shift toward shared caregiving, traditional gender norms remain deeply entrenched, particularly in rural areas. Despite the existence of frameworks such as Tanzania's Vision 2025, weak enforcement and cultural resistance hinder progress. The study concludes that addressing gendered household care dynamics is essential for advancing gender equality, enhancing household well-being, and fostering sustainable social development in Tanzania. The study calls for gender-sensitive social protection programs, recognition of unpaid work in labour policies and increased male engagement in caregiving responsibilitie
How Students View Themselves: Use of Self-Portraiture as an Avenue for Expression of the Self among Diploma Art Students at Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Get PDFWhen students create portraits, they approach the assignment with an open mind, with the basic purpose of creating a picture bearing a significant likeness of the subject. It is subsequently presumed that when they draw their self-portraits, this quest to portray an accurate likeness is enhanced and attracts their specific interest. This study sought to find out whether, in the formative Diploma stage in drawing, students were able to meet the basic expectations of portrait drawing. Although this was not designed to be a comparative study with other units at the degree level, it also sought to find out whether the level of entry was a factor in the definition of quality of work as defined in portraiture. The study selected 24 self-portrait drawings that were deemed to have attained a significant level of completion within the time frame allocated. The level of completion here referred to a holistic depiction of the self that was adequate to enable analysis. The drawings were analysed using formal analysis through the examination of regular elements such as line, shape, light and shade, and texture, as well as the application of principles such as proportion and balance. Students were encouraged to draw using freehand. The analysis also included the basic approaches to drawing portraits, such as placement and alignment of eyes, nose, mouth, hairline, cheekbones, chin, and facial edges. The analysis also included the presence of the concept of likeness, which is a critical factor in the essence of portraiture; the self must appear as the self to a significant extent for self- gratification It can be deduced from the study that students emanated significant satisfaction in creating self-portraits through drawing particularly in attaining a certain degree of ‘self-likeness’. It can also be deduced that self-portraits bear the visual tendency to provide a veneer of self-examination akin to peering through a mirror. The study concluded that this incursion into the self was an important visual assessment of how students ultimately viewed themselves, although they understood their innate personalities from the onset
Streamlining Institutional Policies as a Pathway to University Transformation: A Case of Kyambogo University, Uganda
Get PDFThe increased recognition of universities as core actors in national innovation systems and the changing complexity of societal needs call for various stakeholders to work together more strategically. In this vein, the researchers set out to explore the institutional policies that can transform the university into a “stand-up” institution of higher learning. A single case study design was utilised to generate data through reviews of government and institutional documents, as well as qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 05 participants from Kyambogo University (KyU). Data were analysed and interpreted thematically. Analysis focused on aspects of institutional policies regarding university transformation (UT); management of infrastructure at the University; and barriers to UT. Findings indicated that there was poor coordination and implementation of policies and a poor policy mix in connection with UT at the University. Some envisaged institutional policies in the form of intellectual property rights have not come to fruition, leading to failure to develop an inventory of research activities at KyU. The university's institutional policies are not activated to steer UT. The study recommended that university management should streamline a policy for linkage between KyU and the productive sector. Furthermore, KyU management should establish and implement institutional policies that enhance UT. Lastly, the university should equip its academic units with infrastructure that is proficient with key production unit
Organisational Support Practices and Job Performance of Teachers in Government Aided Primary Schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Uganda
Get PDFThis study investigated the relationship between organisational support practices and job performance of teachers in government-aided Primary Schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality in Uganda. The objectives of the study were to find out the relationship between remuneration and job performance of teachers, to establish the relationship between career development and job performance of teachers, and to determine the relationship between recognition and job performance of teachers in government-aided primary schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilising a cross-sectional design to gather data from a sample of teachers through a self-administered questionnaire. A dual analytical approach was applied, incorporating both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The descriptive analysis involved calculating frequencies, percentages, and mean scores, while the inferential analysis utilised correlation and regression techniques to examine relationships between variables. The findings revealed a strong, positive correlation between organisational support practices (including compensation, professional growth opportunities, and acknowledgement) and teacher job performance. Based on these results, it is evident that fair compensation, opportunities for career advancement, and recognition are essential drivers of teacher performance. To improve teacher job performance, stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education, Local Governments, and school administrators are advised to focus on enhancing teacher compensation, fostering professional development, and implementing meaningful recognition practice