EANSO East African Nature and Science Organization Journals
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Unmasking the Curse of out-of-School Primary-Age Children in Burkina Faso: an Empirical Investigation
Get PDFWe empirically unmask a persistent challenge of out-of-school primary-age children in Burkina Faso. Utilising time-series data from the World Bank spanning 1971 to 2023, we apply the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling technique to analyse trends in the percentage of primary-age children not enrolled in school. The Dependent Variable is Children out of school (% of primary school age), while moving average (MA) and autoregressive (AR) components function as independent variables. Parameter estimation using Conditional Least Squares reveals a statistically significant MA (6) coefficient of -0.817231, suggesting that approximately 82% of the shock in current out-of-school rates is explained by past errors. AR (1) coefficient of -0.565318 indicates that about 57% of the variation is influenced by its immediate past value. We find a strong trend of educational exclusion and thus recommend that policymakers design timely and data-driven interventions aimed at achieving universal primary education and meeting Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) targets in Burkina Fas
Internal School Supervision Practices and Students’ Academic Performance in Government-Aided Secondary Schools in Luwero District, Uganda
Get PDFThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal school supervision and students’ academic performance in government-aided secondary schools in Luwero District. The objectives of this study were threefold, namely: (1) to analyze the relationship between classroom visitation and students’ academic performance in these schools; (2) to examine the connection between reviewing teachers’ records of work and students’ academic performance; and (3) to explore the relationship between evaluating students’ work records and their academic performance. A correlational and cross-sectional research design was employed, utilising a quantitative research approach with a sample of 95 respondents. The collected data were presented using frequencies and percentages to illustrate the distribution of respondents across various items. Data were analysed using Pearson’s Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) and regression analysis. The study findings indicated a significant positive relationship between classroom visitation, reviewing teachers’ work records, evaluating students’ work records, and students’ academic performance. The study concluded that all three factors are positively correlated with students’ academic performance. Therefore, researchers recommend that school administrators regularly conduct classroom visitations, review teachers’ work records, and increase the evaluation of students’ work records to enhance academic performance. Consequently, it is essential to implement these practice
Active Learning Strategies and Student Attitude Towards Mathematics in Government Secondary Schools in Ruhaama County, Ntungamo District
Get PDFThe study aimed to examine the relationship between active learning strategies and students’ attitudes toward mathematics in government secondary schools in Ruhaama County. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the most commonly used active learning strategies in mathematics, analyse how students’ attitudes differ by gender in mathematics, and establish the relationship between active learning strategies and students' attitudes toward mathematics. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample of 196 Senior Four (S.4) was selected through stratified random sampling, while all 12 teachers were purposively selected, with 10 participating. Questionnaires were administered to students, while semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, generating descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Findings revealed that the most commonly used strategies were group discussions (mean = 4.32), real-life examples (mean = 3.81), and peer teaching (mean = 3.67). The study concludes that active learning strategies significantly enhance students’ attitudes toward mathematics and help bridge gender disparities in classroom engagement. It is recommended that schools promote the consistent use of strategies like group work, problem-solving, and peer teaching. Additionally, teachers should be supported with training and resources to effectively implement these approache
Integrating Digital Technology in School Pedagogies: Implications for Postgraduate Academic Achievement in the Department of Educational Management. University of Calabar, Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper aimed to assess the integration of digital technology in school pedagogies' implications for postgraduate academic achievement in the Department of Educational Management of Calabar. Two research objectives and questions were used to guide the study. This study employed a mixed methods approach using both quantitative questionnaires and qualitative methods. Interview was used for lecturers, while questionnaires were used by postgraduate students. The population of the study comprised 100 participants. A sample size of 15 postgraduate students and 4 lecturers was selected. The study applied an explanatory sequential design using questionnaires, interviews and observation in data collection. Validity was established by experts in measurement and evaluation, as well as educational management. Cronbach's alpha, ranging from 0.77 to 0.87, were achieved through the reliability of the instrument. The findings revealed that while some digital tools like laptops and tablets are relatively accessible, critical technologies such as projectors, smart boards, and reliable internet connectivity are limited and inconsistently available across classrooms. Usage of digital tools tends to focus mainly on content presentation rather than interactive or student-centred activities, with effectiveness hindered by technical issues, varying digital literacy, and insufficient support. The study concluded that although there is moderate adoption of digital technology, significant gaps remain in both infrastructure and user capacity, limiting transformative digital learning experiences. To address these challenges, recommendations include investing in maintenance and upgrades of digital tools, providing ongoing training for educators, enhancing student digital literacy, increasing government funding for digital infrastructure, and developing policies that promote equitable, sustainable, and effective integration of technology in education
Pedagogical Approaches and Learner Engagement in Government-Aided Secondary Schools in Buhweju District, Uganda
Get PDFThis study investigated the influence of pedagogical approaches and learner engagement in government-aided secondary schools in Buhweju District, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the influence of pedagogical approaches, namely student and teacher-centred on learner engagement. Using the quantitative approach, the study adopted the correlational research design. Data were collected from a sample of 312 learners from seven government-aided secondary schools in Buhweju District. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, namely frequencies, percentages and means, and inferential analyses, namely correlation and regression. Descriptive results indicate that learner engagement and teachers' use of both student-centred and teacher-centred pedagogical approaches were high. The results revealed that all the student-centred approaches, namely active pedagogical approaches, collaborative teaching and teacher support, positively significantly predicted learner engagement. However, for teacher-centred pedagogical approaches, only the approach of immediate feedback positively predicted learner engagement. However, continuous practice and reinforcement positively but insignificantly predicted learner engagement. It was concluded that student-centred approaches are a prerequisite for enhancing student engagement, while the teacher-centred approach of immediate feedback is vital for promoting learner engagement, but continuous practice and reinforcement of learners minimally promote student engagement. The study recommends that head teachers should create a supportive environment that encourages the use of student-centred teaching methods, and teachers should cautiously implement the teacher-centred approach with emphasis on immediate feedback and minimal use of continuous practice and re-enforcemen
Community Knowledge and Perception of Indigenous Tree Species in Bugesera District, Rwanda
Get PDFIndigenous tree species play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity, supporting livelihoods, and enhancing ecosystem resilience in Rwanda. However, their survival is threatened by deforestation, agricultural expansion, and erosion of traditional knowledge. This study assessed community knowledge, perceptions, and conservation practices related to indigenous tree species in the Ntarama Sector, Bugesera District, Rwanda. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys (n = 381), focus group discussions (n = 18), and key informant interviews (n = 11). The study documented 20 indigenous tree species, with Ficus thonningii, Albizia gummifera, and Prunus africana being the most recognized. While 90% of respondents were familiar with indigenous species and 85% acknowledged their ecological and socio-economic benefits, only 10% of younger individuals demonstrated awareness, highlighting a generational knowledge gap. Deforestation (95%), climate change (85%), and overharvesting (55%) were identified as major threats. Despite 90% expressing positive attitudes toward conservation, only 65% actively participated in sustainable practices, with financial constraints (35%) and land scarcity (20%) cited as key barriers. Regression analysis revealed that knowledge level (β = 0.72, p < 0.001) and institutional support (β = 0.42, p = 0.009) significantly influenced conservation adoption. The findings underscore the need for integrated strategies that combine traditional knowledge with modern conservation approaches, enhance community education, and provide economic incentives. Policy recommendations include strengthening institutional frameworks, promoting drought-resistant species, and fostering community-led conservation initiatives to ensure the long-term preservation of indigenous trees in Rwanda and similar region
Influence of Farming Practices within and adjacent to the Riparian Ecosystems on the Water Quality of the Lukuledi River, Lindi-Tanzania
Get PDFToday, the world is facing a global water crisis, with expanding farming practices driven by population growth and agricultural demand degrading water resources. Farming practices in areas within and adjacent to the riparian ecosystems of the Lukuledi River have increased contaminant release, negatively affecting the aquatic ecosystem of the river. However, there is limited knowledge on the consequences of these practices and their influence on the water quality of the river. This study identified farming practices within and adjacent to the Lukuledi River and assessed their influence on the river's water quality. Four clusters were established along the river continuum. The first cluster (Cluster I) was established upstream in the protected Rondo Nature Forest Reserve, while the other clusters (Clusters II to IV) were located midstream and downstream in the agricultural landscape. Farming practices in clusters II to IV were assessed using household socio-economic data collected through structured questionnaires and direct field observation. In each of the four clusters, water quality parameters, including pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Temperature (T), were measured in situ using a multiparameter analyser (HI-9829). The recorded farming practices were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27, and the results were presented using descriptive statistics. The same software was also used to analyse water quality parameters and the results were presented as descriptive statistics (mean concentration). The identified farming practices include shifting cultivation, mixed cropping, intercropping, monocropping, irrigation farming (basin and canal/furrow), free-range and zero grazing, along with the use of fertilisers and agrochemicals. The mean concentrations of water quality parameters were significantly higher in downstream clusters compared to the upstream cluster. However, pH was below TBS and WHO standards in upstream Cluster I but met the standards in midstream and downstream Clusters. DO was below WHO standards throughout but met TBS standards in downstream Clusters III and IV, while remaining below in upstream and midstream. Temperature met TBS and WHO standards in upstream Cluster I, but exceeded in midstream and downstream clusters. EC and TDS values remained within TBS and WHO limits. There was a positive correlation between the farming practices and water quality. These findings suggest that farming practices within and adjacent to the river alter the water quality and key aquatic ecosystems. Thus, monitoring of agricultural practices is essential to mitigate negative impacts on the Lukuledi River ecosystem and preserve its water quality
The Impact of Urbanisation on Land use and Land Cover Change in Rwanda: A case of Muyumbu sector, Rwamagana District (2002-2024)
Get PDFUrbanisation in Rwanda, particularly in satellite cities such as Rwamagana District and especially in sectors bordering Kigali city like Muyumbu sector, has experienced rapid and uncontrolled growth, leading to significant changes in habitat and negatively impacting land use and land cover. Remote sensing data were used to thoroughly assess the impact of urbanisation on land use and land cover changes in the Muyumbu sector, Rwamagana District, from 2002 to 2024. Landsat images were obtained, pre-processed, and their accuracy verified before being used to analyse LCLU trends. The results for the first objective showed that Muyumbu has experienced significant urban growth between 2002 and 2024, with an annual growth rate of 5.07% due to population growth and population shift from rural areas to urban areas. The findings for the second objective revealed that the availability of land for development in Muyumbu surged, heightened demand for housing and services, and accelerated urbanisation in the study area. The results for the third and fourth objectives illustrated that from 2002 to 2024, urban areas grew from 32.85 Ha in 2002 to 646.40 Ha in 2024, reflecting a 12.18% overall increase. In contrast, agricultural land saw a sharp decline of 19.27%, primarily due to the significant expansion of urban areas. Forested areas (natural vegetation) experienced an approximate reduction of 9.15%, mainly driven by population growth. This population increase, combined with the migration of people from Kigali city to Muyumbu sector, was the primary factor contributing to urban growth. The findings also highlighted a clear link between urbanisation and changes in land use and land cover in the Muyumbu sector. Based on the findings of this study, there is a strong need for increased government support for the introduction and development of inspection technology like the use of drones and satellites, to prevent illegal construction activities and unauthorised deforestation, and enforce laws and related sanctions to whoever doing contrary to the zoning regulations. Relocate people from agricultural land to public apartments. To stop shifting people from so-called high-risk zones and start design and implement climate-resilient buildings. Adaptation of a robust monitoring system that tracks land use changes, deforestation rates to preserve green spaces. Additionally, the study suggests the need for supplementary policy measures to promote environmentally responsible development
Assessment of Spring Water Quality for Drinking Purposes: Case Study of Nyanza District, Southern Region of Rwanda
No full textThe study evaluates the quality of spring water in Nyanza District, Southern Region of Rwanda, focusing on physicochemical and microbiological parameters such as pH, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, and presence of Escherichia coli. Samples were collected during the rainy and dry seasons, using 20 spring sources based on discharge capacity and flow rate characteristics. Samples were tested at Laboratories of Rwanda Standards Board (RSB), and results were analysed using descriptive statistics and comparative analysis against World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines (2017) and Rwanda Standards RS EAS 12:2018. Findings revealed that pH ranged from 5.24 to 8.71, temperature from 19.9°C to 24.2°C, and electrical conductivity from 48.35 µS/cm to 335.5 µS/cm. Microbiological results showed high variability in E. coli and total coliforms, ranging from <1×10⁰ to >100×10⁰ cfu/100 mL, indicating potential health risks. Heavy metals were detected at varying levels, with arsenic up to 0.019 mg/L, cadmium up to 0.018 mg/L, copper up to 1.657 mg/L, iron up to 2.533 mg/L, and lead up to 0.029 mg/L. The study found that some spring sources exceeded recommended limits, posing public health concerns due to microbial presence and heavy metals. Strengthening local capacity in water quality management and enforcing land-use regulations near water sources is recommended for safe and sustainable access to drinking wate
Socioeconomic Impact of Solar Energy Adoption on Pastoral Communities in Wajir West Sub-County, Kenya
Get PDFSolar energy offers a transformative solution for rural, arid, and semi-arid regions, particularly in underdeveloped areas where conventional energy is scarce and solar energy remains the main energy source adopted by the pastoral communities. This study measured the socio-economic implications of using solar power among pastoral people in Wajir West Sub-County, Kenya. The study used a mixed-methods design to sample 218 respondents, who were household heads, local leaders, and energy service providers. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while the qualitative data were analysed thematically. The results show that half of households owned solar systems, which are mainly used to provide lighting and charge phones, and 24% use common systems. The result further indicates that adoption of solar has increased income (66%), lowered energy expenses (78%), improved the education of children (51%), hygiene, health, and helped in the sustenance of the environment. Regardless of these advantages, the adoption is hampered by high initial costs, inaccessibility of maintenance, low technical capabilities, and cultural issues pertaining to nomadic living. The recommendations involve increasing the scope of financing sources, technical education, and enabling policies in order to increase accessibility and sustainability. Research in the future must focus on issues surrounding the role of policy frameworks in affecting solar adoption in pastoral regions to facilitate equitable and scalable rural electrificatio