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Dialogicity and narrativity in pedagogical interaction in the classroom. A proposal for analysing teacher discourse in the teaching process
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s), 2024.Given that pedagogical activity is eminently discursive, this article seeks to provide conceptual elements that help to describe teachers’ pedagogical discourse when teaching curricular contents. Working from the constructivist tradition and the cultural psychology approach, which uphold the social and cultural origin of human cognition, a discursive model is proposed that involves two dimensions: the dialogic-monologic and the narrative-paradigmatic. From the dialogic pole, teaching maintains the naturalness of a spontaneous conversation, intentionally including pedagogical elements that inquire into the students’ comprehension of the information and promoting argumentation, participation and the extension of group discussion. From the narrative pole, teaching seeks to contextualize the thematic contents to help students to gain perspective and understand the course and intentionality of actions. Considering both perspectives of analysis, we propose a conceptual schema for studying the phenomenon of teaching in which we theoretically characterize the different types of pedagogical discourses that emerge when articulating these two dimensions. Finally, we point to future lines of research that could emerge from this proposal
Combined association of physical activity and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean adults
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, raised blood pressure, high blood glucose and dyslipidemia are emerging health concerns worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the combined association between physical activity and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean adults. Data was obtained from the National Health Survey of Chile 2016–2017, with a sample of 5995 adult participants. Assessment of Physical activity and depressive symptoms were done using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the CIDI ShortForm (CIDI-SF), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the combined association of physical activity and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors. Participants in the category ≥ 150 min/Depressive symptoms had the highest prevalence of overweight (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.05), obesity (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.49–2.59) and high waist circumference (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39–1.92). Participants in the < 150 min/No depressive symptoms category had a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60–0.78) and a 25% reduced high triglycerides prevalence, in comparison with the active category with no depressive symptoms. There is a positive association between depressive symptoms and overweight, obesity and waist circumference among subjects that complete physical activity recommendations but have depressive symptoms.Cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, raised blood pressure, high blood glucose and dyslipidemia are emerging health concerns worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the combined association between physical activity and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean adults. Data was obtained from the National Health Survey of Chile 2016–2017, with a sample of 5995 adult participants. Assessment of Physical activity and depressive symptoms were done using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the CIDI ShortForm (CIDI-SF), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the combined association of physical activity and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors. Participants in the category ≥ 150 min/Depressive symptoms had the highest prevalence of overweight (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.05), obesity (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.49–2.59) and high waist circumference (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39–1.92). Participants in the < 150 min/No depressive symptoms category had a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.60–0.78) and a 25% reduced high triglycerides prevalence, in comparison with the active category with no depressive symptoms. There is a positive association between depressive symptoms and overweight, obesity and waist circumference among subjects that complete physical activity recommendations but have depressive symptoms
Weak Value Amplification of Photons in Optical Nonlinear Medium, Opto-Mechanical, and Spin-Mechanical Systems
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.A measurement of an observable A performed on a quantum system that is initially prepared in a state (Formula presented.), followed by a probabilistic procedure that leaves the system in a final state (Formula presented.), a process often referred as state postselection (or filtering process), can yield, on average, anomalous measurement results, i.e., values that may exceed the eigenvalue range of the observable being measured or be complex numbers. There is, therefore, an amplification effect of the average measurement result, i.e., the effect of the system on the measurement device is increased. When the coupling between the system and the measurement device satisfies some weakness conditions, the amplification effect occurs due to the weak value of the operator A. In this article, the amplification effect due to the postselection process is reviewed, and theoretical proposals and experiments published in the recent literature on the field are commented on. The emphasis is made on interactions occurring in optical nonlinear media and opto-mechanical and spin-mechanical systems, in which the amplification of number operators takes place
Environmental influence on the Atlantic salmon transcriptome and methylome during sea lice infestations
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier LtdThe fish's immune response is affected by different factors, including a wide range of environmental conditions that can also disrupt or promote changes in the host-pathogen interactions. How environmental conditions modulate the salmon genome during parasitism is poorly understood here. This study aimed to explore the environmental influence on the Salmo salar transcriptome and methylome infected with the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi. Atlantic salmon were experimentally infected with lice at two temperatures (8 and 16 °C) and salinity conditions (32 and 26PSU). Fish tissues were collected from the infected Atlantic salmon for reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. The parasitic load was highly divergent in the evaluated environmental conditions, where the lowest lice abundance was observed in fish infected at 8 °C/26PSU. Notably, transcriptome profile differences were statistically associated with the number of alternative splicing events in fish exposed to low temperature/salinity conditions. Furthermore, the temperature significantly affected the methylation level, where high values of differential methylation regions were observed at 16 °C. Also, the association between expression levels of spliced transcripts and their methylation levels was determined, revealing significant correlations with Ferroptosis and TLR KEEG pathways. This study supports the relevance of the environmental conditions during host-parasite interactions in marine ecosystems. The discovery of alternative splicing transcripts associated with DMRs is also discussed as a novel player in fish biology
A universe from a Lagrangian fixed point
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024In this paper, we investigate the theoretical possibility that a Lagrangian fixed point, when applied to cosmological models, can drive dynamical evolution towards a bouncing universe. We analyze the physics of a Lagrangian fixed point within the context of a gravitational average effective action featuring scale-dependent couplings. To explore this concept, we develop a toy model set in a four-dimensional, spatially flat spacetime, anchored by a Lagrangian fixed point. Solving the cosmological equations of this model analytically, we identify several non-trivial solution branches. These branches are characterized by a modified scale factor and dynamic gravitational couplings, offering new insights into the behavior of cosmological models under these conditions
A New Generalized Multisource Inverter for Electric Vehicles Controlled by Model Predictive
No full textPublisher Copyright: IEEEA multisource inverter comprises multiple dc sources in the input that can be combined with varying voltage levels to operate under different loads and reduce the battery capacity requirements of electric vehicles. This article introduces a generalized topology for multisource inverters (MSIs) aimed at reducing the number of power electronics switches, lowering voltage stress on power switches, and minimizing the battery size. A dual-source inverter, based on the proposed generalized configuration, can generate four combinations that reduce the battery size of electric vehicles (EVs) while minimizing power losses. To harness the advantages of model predictive control, the proposed dual-source traction inverter is controlled using this method. The feasibility of the proposed approach is validated through simulation results, which demonstrate its suitability as a drive for an electric motor. The outcomes indicate that model predictive control is a viable alternative for such applications, offering simplicity, high performance, and low harmonic content. Furthermore, experimental results for a static load are presented to verify the correct operation of the proposed system
Cambios en la estructura familiar posterior a los incendios de febrero de 2023 en la comuna de Tomé
No full textTrabajo Social, Licenciado en Trabajo SocialLa presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender los cambios en la estructura familiar de las familias afectadas por los incendios de febrero de 2023 en la comuna de Tomé, tanto antes como después de la catástrofe. La metodología de la investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa, utilizando un enfoque de estudio de corte transversal sobre la estructura familiar después de un incendio forestal. Este enfoque ofrece una instantánea de las condiciones y características de las familias en un momento específico después del evento. Para abordar la investigación, se empleó un diseño fenomenológico. Los principales resultados encontrados en la investigación revelaron una mayor unión familiar después de la pérdida de sus viviendas. Además, se observa un impacto psicológico en los afectados, aunque no expresan la necesidad de ayuda, ya que sus prioridades se centran en la reconstrucción de sus hogares. Se destaca, además, que los participantes no modifican su composición familiar posterior a la catástrofe; sin embargo, adoptan nuevas reglas en el núcleo familiar basadas en la comunicación y el respeto de horarios. Se resalta la resiliencia en las familias.The present research aims to understand the changes in the family structure of the families affected by the February 2023 fires in the City of Tomé, both before and after the catastrophe. The research methodology is a qualitative , using a cross-sectional study approach on family structure after a forest fire. This approach provides a snapshot of the conditions and characteristics of families at a specific time after the event mentioned. A phenomenological design is employed to approach the research. The main results found reveal a greater family bonding after the loss of their homes. In addition, a psychological impact is observed in those affected, although they do not express the need for help, because their priorities are focused on rebuilding their homes. It is important to be noted that the participants did not modify their family composition after the disaster; however, they adopted new rules in the family nucleus, based on communication and respect for schedules. Even so, the resilience of the families is highlighted
Estudio por titulación potenciométrica del control de incrustaciones de CaCO3 con peliculas insolubles en agua de polieterimida y polieterimida sulfonada
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024Automatic potentiometric titration (APT) is a chemical analysis method to study the crystallization of CaCO 3 in solution. We demonstrate how APT is also valuable for studying CaCO 3 crystallization using water-insoluble polymer films, ideal for studying surfaces exposed to Ca 2+ and CO 3 2− ions with the capacity to remove Ca 2+ and/or susceptible to scale formation, equipment surfaces, ion exchange surfaces or desalination membranes, etc. Polyetherimide (PEI) and sulfonated polyetherimide (SPEI) films were prepared by solvent casting technique, and their surface studied using FESEM, XPS, Z potential, and contact angle. APT assays were performed with polymer films, using a carbonate buffer (pH 9), dosed with CaCl 2, and monitoring free Ca 2+. The APT curves with PEI showed no significant difference compared to the control, while the presence of SPEI film affected the kinetics of CaCO 3 formation. This was evidenced by changes in the slope and peak maximum of the APT curves. FTIR, XRD, and FESEM of the polymeric films and the CaCO 3 after the APT assays showed control over the types of CaCO 3 polymorphs. We show that the SPEI film is a good candidate to delay the formation of CaCO 3 in water, through the adsorption of Ca 2+ ions and the adsorption of pre-nucleation clusters of CaCO 3
Effects of soil heating changes on soil hydraulic properties in Central Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsWildfires are natural phenomena for most ecosystems on Earth. Many soil properties are impacted by fire, including soil hydraulic properties. We used a laboratory experiment to replicate the temperatures reached by a natural wildfire and documented the effects on soil hydraulic properties. This study hypothesizes that the impact of heating on soil hydrological properties can be explained by the interaction of a number of variables especially organic matter content (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), texture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The main objective of this study is to explore the interconnections between soil hydraulic, chemical, and physical properties, focusing on understanding how these relationships change across different ecoregions and temperatures. Sixteen soils were collected across 16 sites susceptible to forest fires in the Central Zone of Chile and heated to 100 °C and 300 °C for two hours. These sites were representative of two distinct ecoregions: the Chilean Matorral (CM) and the Valdivian Temperate Forests (VTF). Chemical, physical, and hydraulic soil properties were measured before and after heating. At 100 °C, there were no significant changes in chemical, physical, or hydraulic soil properties. At 300 °C, significant changes were observed in most soil properties in soils from both ecoregions. The OM content and CEC decreased, whereas pH and electrical conductivity increased. In addition, clay content and water aggregate stability (WSA) decreased, while all hydraulic properties increased their values. The aforementioned results demonstrate that infiltration increased after the soil was heated. This can be attributed primarily to decreases in clay content. At the same time, the water repellency (R) index decreased, allowing water to more easily wet the soil particles. Correlations revealed that CEC and clay are the main factors ruling soil hydraulic properties at all temperatures. Clay mineralogy also contributes to the soil hydraulic behavior observed. Nonlinear models were developed to estimate hydraulic properties at 100 °C and 300 °C, using the main soil properties. The models illustrated that the soils of the CM ecoregion, which are characterized by lower OM and influence of clay/CEC ratio, would be less affected by fire compared to the soils of VTF. The water holding capacity would decrease in both ecoregions. However, due to the greater changes in OM and clay in VTF, the impact would be greater than in CM.
Efficacy of a pain neuroscience educational program in improving executive function and pain intensity in fibromyalgia patients (Fibrobrain project) : Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition typically characterized by chronic pain, sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue, and cognitive problems. The present study aims to examine the efficacy of a pain neuroscience education program (PNE) in improving executive functions and pain intensity in patients with FM and compare them with those of standard treatment protocols. Methods: This blinded, controlled clinical trial will compare changes in executive function and pain intensity between two groups. The first group will receive standard treatment supplemented with PNE, consisting of ten sessions spread over five weeks, with each session lasting 40–45 min. The main objective of this method is to remodel cognitive and emotional reactions to pain, challenging the idea that pain is directly related to injury and highlighting the influence of emotions, sleep, and physical activity on pain perception. The second group will receive only standard pharmacological treatment. The study sample will include 62 adults diagnosed with FM, according to initial sample size estimates based on previous evidence. A baseline assessment of baseline characteristics will be performed, after which patients will be randomly assigned to the PNE group or the control group. The results of the intervention will be evaluated and statistically compared after 5 weeks. This protocol complies with all relevant ethical guidelines. It has been approved by two institutional committees (Reference: NR2006; Conbioethics:21-CEI-004-20,170,829). Conclusion: It is anticipated that this intervention will be a cost-effective and superior alternative to standard treatments.Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition typically characterized by chronic pain, sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue, and cognitive problems. The present study aims to examine the efficacy of a pain neuroscience education program (PNE) in improving executive functions and pain intensity in patients with FM and compare them with those of standard treatment protocols. Methods: This blinded, controlled clinical trial will compare changes in executive function and pain intensity between two groups. The first group will receive standard treatment supplemented with PNE, consisting of ten sessions spread over five weeks, with each session lasting 40–45 min. The main objective of this method is to remodel cognitive and emotional reactions to pain, challenging the idea that pain is directly related to injury and highlighting the influence of emotions, sleep, and physical activity on pain perception. The second group will receive only standard pharmacological treatment. The study sample will include 62 adults diagnosed with FM, according to initial sample size estimates based on previous evidence. A baseline assessment of baseline characteristics will be performed, after which patients will be randomly assigned to the PNE group or the control group. The results of the intervention will be evaluated and statistically compared after 5 weeks. This protocol complies with all relevant ethical guidelines. It has been approved by two institutional committees (Reference: NR2006; Conbioethics:21-CEI-004-20,170,829). Conclusion: It is anticipated that this intervention will be a cost-effective and superior alternative to standard treatments. Clinical trial registration: NCT0508430