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Test–Retest Reliability of an Isometric and Isometric/Vibratory Muscular Strength Protocol with Functional Electro-Mechanical Dynamometry : test y retest de un protocolo de fuerza muscular isométrica e isométrica/vibratoria con dinamometría electromecánica funcional
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.The purpose of the study was to analyze the test–retest reliability of an isometric and isometric/vibratory muscular strength protocol in the bilateral seated bench press (BSBP), bilateral seated rowing (BSR), unilateral seated right knee extension (USKER), and left knee extension (USKEL) tests controlled using functional electromechanical dynamometry (FEMD) in healthy young adults. A repeated measures design was used to determine the reliability of a muscular strength protocol in isometric and isometric vibration modes with FEMD. No significant differences were found in test–retest analysis (p > 0.05; ES < 0.20); and high reliability (CV = 4.65–5.02%; ICC = 0.99–0.98) was found for BSBP measures, and acceptable reliability (CV = 3.71–9.61%; ICC = 0.98–0.95) was found for BSR, USKER, and USKEL. Furthermore, the coefficients between the two measures were strong (r = 0.963–0.839) and highly significant (p = 0.001) for maximal strength in the isometric and maximal isometric/vibratory assessment of muscle strength in all muscle strength tests. This study demonstrates that isometric and maximal isometric/vibratory strength in the BSBP, BSR, USKER, and USKEL tests can be measured with high reliability and reproducibility using the FEMD
Implementación y evaluación guía en la técnica de canulación arterial guiado por ultrasonido
No full textObjetivo: La canulación arterial es una técnica habitual en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, con este proyecto de gestión se buscará como propósito implementar y evaluar una guía de manejo en la técnica de canalización arterial para enfermeros/as, con la utilización de dispositivo de trayecto largo, bajo monitorización ecográfica en la Unidad de Paciente Critico del Hospital Clínico de Magallanes de la ciudad de Punta Arenas. Material y Método: El proyecto contempla 2 fases, primero un corte transversal donde se incluyeron a 31 profesionales de enfermería que son parte de la Unidad de Paciente Critico del Hospital Clínico Magallanes de una dotación total de 42 profesionales de la unidad, donde se realizó una encuesta voluntaria y anónima con el fin de determinar los conocimientos y habilidades en relación a la técnica de canalización arterial, sitios a canalizar, cuidados de enfermería y manejo del dispositivo. Como segunda fase de desarrollo se elabora una guía en la técnica de canalización arterial en base a los resultados obtenidos y la evidencia disponible. Resultados: En relación a este proyecto se identifican las necesidades del profesional de enfermería en la adquisición de conocimientos teóricos para mejorar las habilidades profesionales enfatizando en las medidas de educación continua impartida por expertos en el tema que brinden pautas al personal de enfermería en la técnica de canalización arterial eco guiada. Conclusiones: Una guía de manejo de inserción de línea arterial contribuye a mejorar y afirmar conocimientos, facilitando la aplicación del plan de cuidados de enfermería en la atención del paciente crítico adulto. El presente proyecto, permite concluir que es importante que los profesionales de enfermería continúen en una constante búsqueda del conocimiento, aprovechando la experiencia adquirida, ofreciendo mejores servicios de calidad a los pacientes que ingresan con una condición de vulnerabilidad y brindando una reducción en la incidencia de iatrogenias debidas a una técnica segura y
estandarizada.Objective: Arterial cannulation is a common technique in intensive care units. The
purpose of this management project was to implement and evaluate a management guide
on the arterial cannulation technique for nurses, with the use of a path device. long, under
ultrasound monitoring in the Critical Patient Unit of the Magallanes Clinical Hospital in the
city of Punta Arenas.
Material and Method: The project includes 2 phases, first a cross-section where 31
nursing professionals who are part of the Critical Patient Unit of the Magallanes Clinical
Hospital were included, out of a total staff of 42 professionals from the unit, where a
Voluntary and anonymous survey in order to determine knowledge and skills in relation
to the arterial cannulation technique, sites to be canalized, nursing care and device
management. As a second phase of development, we will be allowed to develop a guide
on the arterial cannulation technique based on the results obtained and the available
evidence.
Results: In relation to this project, it was possible to identify the needs of the nursing
professional in the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge to improve
professional skills where greater emphasis should be placed on continuing education
measures taught by experts on the subject who provide guidelines. to nursing staff in the
ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation technique.
Conclusions: A management guide for arterial line insertion will contribute to improving
and affirming knowledge, facilitating the application of the nursing care plan in the care of
critically ill adult patients. This project allows us to conclude that it is important that nursing
professionals continue in a constant search for knowledge, taking advantage of each of
the acquired resources, offering better quality services to patients who enter in a
vulnerable condition, which will allow a reduction in the incidence of iatrogenic diseases
due to the technique
Selenium Compounds Affect Differently the Cytoplasmic Thiol/Disulfide State in Dermic Fibroblasts and Improve Cell Migration by Interacting with the Extracellular Matrix
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Deficient wound healing is frequently observed in patients diagnosed with diabetes, a clinical complication that compromises mobility and leads to limb amputation, decreasing patient autonomy and family lifestyle. Fibroblasts are crucial for secreting the extracellular matrix (ECM) to pave the wound site for endothelial and keratinocyte regeneration. The biosynthetic pathways involved in collagen production and crosslinking are intimately related to fibroblast redox homeostasis. In this study, two sets of human dermic fibroblasts were cultured in normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM)-glucose conditions in the presence of 1 µM selenium, as sodium selenite (inorganic) and the two selenium amino acids (organic), Se-cysteine and Se-methionine, for ten days. We investigated the ultrastructural changes in the secreted ECM induced by these conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, we evaluated the redox impact of these three compounds by measuring the basal state and real-time responses of the thiol-based HyPer biosensor expressed in the cytoplasm of these fibroblasts. Our results indicate that selenium compound supplementation pushed the redox equilibrium towards a more oxidative tone in both sets of fibroblasts, and this effect was independent of the type of selenium. The kinetic analysis of biosensor responses allowed us to identify Se-cysteine as the only compound that simultaneously improved the sensitivity to oxidative stimuli and augmented the disulfide bond reduction rate in high-glucose-cultured fibroblasts. The redox response profiles showed no clear association with the ultrastructural changes observed in matrix fibers secreted by selenium-treated fibroblasts. However, we found that selenium supplementation improved the ECM secreted by high-glucose-cultured fibroblasts according to endothelial migration assessed with a wound healing assay. Direct application of sodium selenite and Se-cysteine on purified collagen fibers subjected to glycation also improved cellular migration, suggesting that these selenium compounds avoid the undesired effect of glycation
Differential scanning calorimetry in drug-membrane interactions
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsDifferential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is a central technique in investigating drug - membrane interactions, a critical component of pharmaceutical research. DSC measures the heat difference between a sample of interest and a reference as a function of temperature or time, contributing essential knowledge on the thermally induced phase changes in lipid membranes and how these changes are affected by incorporating pharmacological substances. The manuscript discusses the use of phospholipid bilayers, which can form structures like unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, providing a simplified yet representative membrane model to investigate the complex dynamics of how drugs interact with and penetrate cellular barriers. The manuscript consolidates data from various studies, providing a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug - membrane interactions, the determinants that influence these interactions, and the crucial role of DSC in elucidating these components. It further explores the interactions of specific classes of drugs with phospholipid membranes, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer agents, natural products with antioxidant properties, and Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. The manuscript underscores the critical importance of DSC in this field and the need for continued research to improve our understanding of these interactions, acting as a valuable resource for researchers
Neuron Parvum Fluorescens, a Term with Anglo-Greco-Latin Influence. A Proposal to Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The authors.Terminologies are used as a linguistic tool to convey knowledge in a precise and unambiguous manner in science. The guidelines of the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) state that the names given to structures should be both descriptive and informative. This study analyses the linguistic roots of the term Neuron parvum valde fluorescens in Terminologia Histologica and the term Neuron parvum fluorescens in Terminologia Neuroanatomica. Small intensely fluorescent cells are neurons found in the autonomic nervous system, distributed in the sympathetic ganglia, they have afferent synapses with preganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals and efferent synapses with the dendrites of postganglionic neurons, whose function is to regulate ganglionic transmission, acting as interneurons with paracrine and endocrine signalling. They are also characterized as fluorescent cells, producing the catecholamines: serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. A search was carried out in Terminologia Histologica and Terminologia Neuroanatomica, with a translation of the terms into Spanish. This was complemented by a search in an English etymological dictionary for the corresponding terms. This research found a difference between the Latin to English translation of the term fluorescens, which has a very different etymological origin to its English meaning. The term Neuron parvum valde fluorescens in Terminologia Histologica and the term Neuron parvum fluorescens in Terminologia Neuroanatomica identify the same structure. The proposal is to replace both terms with Cateconeuron ganglionare, thus affording an accurate description of this type of neuron, considering its location and function. Moreover, it would also be a concordant term in Latin for its incorporation into the Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica
Association Between Hearing Loss Suspect with Diabetes and Arterial Hypertension Risk Under Different Body Composition Phenotypes : Results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Nevzat Demirci. All rights reserved.Purpose: 1) To characterize the glucose and blood pressure control in HLS adult participants based on four body composition phenotypes models from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17. 2) to associate the HLS and body composition phenotypes (based on calf and waist circumference [WC]) with arterial hypertension and diabetes markers. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study based on the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-17, reporting adults with/without HLS based on four different phenotypes was carried out by the epidemiological group of the Institute of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences of the Universidad Andres bello, Chile (ICER-UNAB). Groups were as follows; Low skeletal muscle [SMM] and high waist circumference [WC] (Lsmm−Hwc, n=278), Low SMM and low WC (Lsmm−Lwc, n=479), High SMM and high WC (Hsmm−Hwc, n=2140), and High SMM and low WC (Hsmm−Lwc, n=2709). The primary outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. Findings: In systolic blood pressure, there were significant differences between each Lsmm−Hwc (150 vs. 123 mmHg), Lsmm−Lwc (140 vs. 123 mmHg), and Hsmm−Hwc vs. the Reference group (145 vs. 123 mmHg, all P<0.0001). Systolic blood pressure reported significant Group x HLS interaction F (3.33), P=0.019, ES 0.004. In diastolic blood pressure, there were significant differences between each Lsmm−Hwc (74 vs. 72 mmHg) and Hsmm−Hwc vs. the Reference group (76 vs. 72 mmHg, both P<0.0001). Diastolic blood pressure reported significant Group x HLS interaction F (4.49), P=0.004, ES 0.005. Chilean adults with HLS, low SMM and high waist circumference shows a higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Loss of glycine receptors in the nucleus accumbens and ethanol reward in an Alzheimers Disease mouse model
No full textLos experimentos en esta publicación fueron realizados durante mis postdoctorado en la universidad de Concepción. Por lo tanto esta publicación tendría afiliación UdeC y USS
Food sovereignty, food security, and international trade : evidence from Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Silva, Barrera, Ribera and del Valle.Introduction: There is an ongoing debate regarding the role of international trade on food security and food sovereignty. While food security is a concept with a recognized definition and methodologies to assess it, food sovereignty has multiple definitions, and it is not clear how to measure it. Our purpose is to analyze the evolution of cherry and avocado domestic purchases as an illustrative example of the role of international trade on food security and food sovereignty. Method: Using a descriptive analysis, we analyse export data at country level and household data representative of urban centers. Results: We found that cherry and avocado exports have increased over the last decades. We found that domestic cherry and avocado purchases have been stable, while the overall fruit and vegetable purchases have been decreasing. Besides, the cherry seasons are showing some signs of expansion. In terms of disparities, households from quintiles 1 and 2, the two lowest income quintiles, increased cherry purchases. Moreover, households from quintiles 4 and 5, the two highest income quintiles, decreased cherry purchases. Discussion: International trade can also help to increase domestic purchases and decrease purchases disparities, which can be linked to food access and food security. However, the increased of off-season imports of avocado can be linked to a decreased food sovereignty. We expect to contribute to illustrate how international trade, food security and food sovereignty are linked, while the concept of food sovereignty keeps developing
Consideraciones relativas a la ambientalización de la legislación de aguas chilena
No full textFruto de la reforma al Código de Aguas, por medio de la Ley 21.435 de 2022, se han alterado los presupuestos originales que sustentaban la lógica de mercado al que se sometían las reglas de asignación y reasignación del recurso hídrico. En la actualidad, la legislación sectorial adopta un nuevo enfoque en el que convive la priorización del uso de las aguas para el consumo humano y el saneamiento, en conjunto con la protección de los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan. Ambas instituciones alteran significativamente el mercado de derechos de aprovechamiento, el que se asentaba en la asignación eficiente del recurso. Veremos cómo, con la introducción de la función de preservación ecosistémica, se ha producido una ambientalización de la legislación, lo que ha repercutido en la finalidad de la publificación de las aguas. De este modo, se analizarán los contornos de la preservación ecosistémica, su relación con la seguridad hídrica, sus fundamentos y las herramientas a través de las cuales se produce la ambientalización de la legislación de aguas para concluir de qué forma los motivos que justifican la publificación del recurso, en la actualidad, se vierten en un uso eficiente y equitativo de aquellas
Role of galectin-8 in mitochondrial dynamics and its impact in cell metabolism in epithelial cells
No full textDoctor in Cell Biology and BiomedicineGalectin-8 (Gal-8) pertenece a una familia de proteínas que regulan diversos procesos celulares al interactuar con b-galactosidos expuestos en glicoproteínas y glicolípidos en la superficie celular y en endolisosomas dañados. Gal-8 tiene dos dominios de reconocimiento de carbohidratos unidos por una cadena peptídica y se distingue de otros galectinas por tener una alta preferencia por ácidos siálicos α-2,3 en su dominio de reconocimiento de carbohidratos N-terminal (N-CRD). Demostramos previamente que el tratamiento con Gal-8 recombinante activa la vía de la quinasa de adhesión focal (FAK) - receptor del factor de crecimiento epidermal (EGFR), llevando a la activación de ERK, proliferación y migración en células epiteliales de riñón de perro de la raza Madin-Darby (MDCK). Extensas investigaciones han establecido que la activación de ERK a través del eje RAS-MAPK modula la dinámica mitocondrial, incluyendo fisión, fusión y distribución. La fisión mitocondrial es realizada por la proteína similar a la dinamina 1 (DRP1). La fusión mitocondrial está garantizada por mitofusinas 1 y 2 (MFN1 y MFN2) y la proteína atrofia óptica tipo 1 (OPA1), que median la fusión de la membrana externa de la mitocondria (OMM) y la membrana interna de la mitocondria (IMM), respectivamente. Además, MFN2 regula los sitios de contacto entre mitocondrias y retículo endoplásmico. La activación de ERK dentro del eje RAS-MAPK promueve directamente la fragmentación mitocondrial al activar DRP1 y suprimir MFN1, lo que conduce a la redistribución mitocondrial, reducción en el amortiguamiento de calcio y activación de factores de transcripción que participan en diversos procesos celulares como la reparación de tejidos y el cáncer. La identificación de moléculas que pueden alterar la dinámica mitocondrial es de gran interés porque podrían modificar el metabolismo celular, afectando la cicatrización de heridas, la regeneración de tejidos y el cáncer. En este estudio, investigamos el efecto de Gal-8 en la dinámica mitocondrial y la participación de su dominio de reconocimiento de carbohidratos en la modulación de esta dinámica a través de la activación de la vía de ERK. Nuestros resultados muestran que Gal-8 recombinante y Gal-4 inducen la fragmentación, y solo Gal-8 promueve la distribución perinuclear de las mitocondrias en MDCK dependiendo de los glicanos α-2,3 sialilados. Estos efectos mediados por XIX Gal-8 también se observaron en células de ovario de hámster chino (CHO) y en células epiteliales de túbulos renales proximales humanos (RPTEC). En células CHOLEC3.2.8.1, que tienen deficiencia en la N-glicosilación pero conservan la capacidad de sintetizar O-glicoproteínas, no se observó ningún efecto de Gal-8. Gal-8 podría promover la proximidad de las mitocondrias al núcleo probablemente mediante MFN2 de manera dependiente de carbohidratos al reconocer β-galactósidos α-2,3 sialilados, en células MDCK. La fragmentación mitocondrial y la redistribución a la zona perinuclear inducidas por Gal-8 requirieron la actividad de ERK y SRC pero son independientes de la activación de EGFR. Por otro lado, la activación de DRP1 inducida por Gal-8 depende de la actividad de ERK en células epiteliales. También encontramos que Gal-8 promueve la mitofagia de manera dependiente de carbohidratos en células MDCK. Gal-8 modifica la tasa metabólica de las células MDCK, reflejado en un aumento de la acidificación del medio (ECAR) y en la fuga de protones, acompañado por una disminución en la producción de ATP acoplada a la tasa de consumo de oxígeno (OCR). La fragmentación mitocondrial se ha asociado con la proliferación y la transición epitelio-mesénquima (EMT). Nuestros resultados muestran que Gal-8 induce la proliferación de manera dependiente de carbohidratos y la actividad de EMT dependiente de ERK. En resumen, Gal-8 es un nuevo regulador de la dinámica mitocondrial que puede tener un impacto en enfermedades asociadas con disfunción mitocondrial o en procesos fisiológicos como la cicatrización de heridas y la reparación de tejidos.Galectin-8 (Gal-8) belongs to a family of proteins that regulate a variety of cellular processes by interacting with b-galactosidase moieties exposed in glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface and in damaged endolysosomes. Gal8 has two carbohydrate recognition domains linked by a peptide chain and is unique among other galectins, with a high preference for a-2,3 sialic acids within its N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (N-CRD). We previously demonstrated that overexpression of Gal-8 or treatment with recombinant Gal-8 activates the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) - Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway, leading to ERK activation, proliferation, migration and EMT in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. Extensive research has established that ERK activation via the RAS-MAPK axis modulates mitochondrial dynamics, including fission, fusion, and distribution. Mitochondrial fission is carried out by the Dynamin-related/-like protein 1 (DRP1). Mitochondrial fusion is ensured by mitofusins 1 and 2 (MFN1 and MFN2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which mediate outer mitochondria membrane (OMM) and inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) fusion, respectively. Additionally, MFN2 regulates mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Activation of ERK within the RAS-MAPK axis directly promotes mitochondrial fragmentation by activating DRP1 and suppressing MFN1, leading to mitochondrial redistribution, reduction in calcium buffering, and activation of transcription factors that participate in different cellular processes such as tissue repair and cancer. Identifying molecules that can change mitochondrial dynamics is of great interest because they could modify cell metabolism, impacting wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of Gal-8 on mitochondrial dynamics and the participation of its carbohydrate-recognition domain in modulating these dynamics through the activation of the ERK pathway. Our results show that recombinant Gal-8 and Gal-4 induce fragmentation, and only Gal-8 promotes the perinuclear distribution of mitochondria in MDCK depending on a-2,3 sialylated glycans. These Gal-8 mediated effects were also observed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO) and Human Renal proximal tubule Epithelial Cells XVII (RPTEC). In CHO-LEC3.2.8.1 cells, which have N-glycosylation deficiency but conserve the ability to synthesize O-glycoproteins, no effect of Gal-8 was observed. Gal-8 could promote the proximity of mitochondria to the nucleus probably by MFN2 in a carbohydrate-dependent manner by recognizing a-2-3 sialylated b-galactosides, in MDCK cells The mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution to the perinuclear zone induced by Gal-8 required ERK and SRC activity but is independent of EGFR activation. On the other hand, DRP1 activation induced by Gal-8 depends on ERK activity in epithelial cells. We also found that Gal-8 promotes mitophagy in a carbohydrate-dependent manner in MDCK cells. Gal-8 triggers modification on the metabolic rate of MDCK cells, leading to a rise in extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and proton leak, which is accompanied by a decrease in ATP production coupled with oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mitochondrial fragmentation has been associated with proliferation and EMT. Our results show that Gal-8 induces proliferation in a carbohydrate-dependent manner and EMT-dependent ERK activity. In summary, Gal-8 is a novel regulator of mitochondrial dynamics that can impact diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction or physiological processes such as wound healing and tissue repair