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Instituto para una Sociedad Librethe first gremialista think tank 1982-1991
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, Universidad de Concepcion. All rights reserved.This article studies the Instituto para una Sociedad Libre (ISL) between 1982 and 1991. It proposes that, firstly, this institution was an antecedent of the party Unión Demócrata Independiente (UDI) and its objective was to train gremialistas in a time of crisis. Secondly, it explains that this center has a gremialista approach and party loyalist of the military regime. Thirdly, it suggests that its short existence was due to the economic and political crisis of 1982 and the consequent reorganization of political parties, which gave way to the UDI. Finally, it proposes three stages: A first moment (1982-1983), one between 1985-1988 focused on the training of cadres, and a third stage during 1990 when it provided material to the UDI representatives in the Congress, until 1991 when the Fundación Jaime Guzmán was created.Este artículo estudia el Instituto para una Sociedad Libre (ISL) entre 1982 y 1991. Se propone que, primero, esta institución fue un antecedente del partido Unión Demócrata Independiente (UDI) y tuvo como objetivo formar cuadros gremialistas en una época de crisis. Segundo, se explica que este centro tuvo un enfoque gremialista y un carácter oficialista con respecto al régimen militar. Tercero, se sugiere que su corta existencia se debió a la crisis económica y política de 1982 y consecuente reorganización de los partidos políticos, lo que daría paso a la UDI. Finalmente, se proponen tres etapas de desarrollo: un primer momento (1982-1983), una que va entre 1985-1988 enfocada en la formación de cuadros, y una tercera durante 1990 donde proveía material para los legisladores UDI en el Congreso, hasta que en 1991 se creó la Fundación Jaime Guzmán
La frontera en tensión: nacionalismo y movilización social durante la ‘Guerra de don Ladislao’ (Chile, 1920)
No full textHigh-order brain interactions in ketamine during rest and task : a double-blinded cross-over design using portable EEG on male participants
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that induces a shift in global consciousness states and related brain dynamics. Portable low-density EEG systems could be used to monitor these effects. However, previous evidence is almost null and lacks adequate methods to address global dynamics with a small number of electrodes. This study delves into brain high-order interactions (HOI) to explore the effects of ketamine using portable EEG. In a double-blinded cross-over design, 30 male adults (mean age = 25.57, SD = 3.74) were administered racemic ketamine and compared against saline infusion as a control. Both task-driven (auditory oddball paradigm) and resting-state EEG were recorded. HOI were computed using advanced multivariate information theory tools, allowing us to quantify nonlinear statistical dependencies between all possible electrode combinations. Ketamine induced an increase in redundancy in brain dynamics (copies of the same information that can be retrieved from 3 or more electrodes), most significantly in the alpha frequency band. Redundancy was more evident during resting state, associated with a shift in conscious states towards more dissociative tendencies. Furthermore, in the task-driven context (auditory oddball), the impact of ketamine on redundancy was more significant for predictable (standard stimuli) compared to deviant ones. Finally, associations were observed between ketamine’s HOI and experiences of derealization. Ketamine appears to increase redundancy and HOI across psychometric measures, suggesting these effects are correlated with alterations in consciousness towards dissociation. In comparisons with event-related potential (ERP) or standard functional connectivity metrics, HOI represent an innovative method to combine all signal spatial interactions obtained from low-density dry EEG in drug interventions, as it is the only approach that exploits all possible combinations between electrodes. This research emphasizes the potential of complexity measures coupled with portable EEG devices in monitoring shifts in consciousness, especially when paired with low-density configurations, paving the way for better understanding and monitoring of pharmacological-induced changes
Stakeholder participation in the COVID-19 pandemic preparedness and response plans : A synthesis of findings from 70 countries
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsStakeholder participation is a key component of a fair and equitable priority-setting in health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for fair and equitable priority setting, and hence, stakeholder participation. To date, there is limited literature on stakeholder participation in the development of the pandemic plans (including the priority setting plans) that were rapidly developed during the pandemic. Drawing on a global study of national COVID-19 preparedness and response plans, we present a secondary analysis of COVID-19 national plans from 70 countries from the six WHO regions, focusing on stakeholder participation. We found that most plans were prepared by the Ministry of Health and acknowledged WHO guidance, however less than half mentioned that additional stakeholders were involved. Few plans described a strategy for stakeholder participation and/or accounted for public participation in the plan preparation. However, diverse stakeholders (including multiple governmental, non-governmental, and international organizations) were proposed to participate in the implementation of the plans. Overall, there was a lack of transparency about who participated in decision-making and limited evidence of meaningful participation of the community, including marginalized groups. The critical relevance of stakeholder participation in priority setting requires that governments develop strategies for meaningful participation of diverse stakeholders during pandemics such as COVID-19, and in routine healthcare priority setting
Traspaso de inmunidad pasiva en terneros de vacas lecheras primíparas y multíparas
No full textUna de las causas más comunes de mortalidad en terneros es el fallo en el traspaso de inmunidad pasiva por el tipo de placenta sindesmocorial presente en los bovinos, que previene el traspaso de inmunoglobulinas de la madre al feto, provocando que el ternero nazca agammaglobulinémico, por lo que el neonato depende del tiempo en el que se administra el calostro, la calidad y volumen de este, para tener una adecuada cantidad de anticuerpos en circulación que otorguen protección inmunitaria. La medición de la calidad del calostro y el traspaso de inmunidad pasiva se ha convertido en una herramienta para enfrentar la morbilidad y mortalidad en los terneros. El presente estudio busca evaluar si el número de partos incide en la calidad del calostro, a través de la medición mediante refractometría de proteínas séricas totales en el calostro de vacas primíparas y multíparas, y la medición de proteínas séricas totales en suero sanguíneo de los terneros que consuman el calostro correspondiente. De las muestras obtenidas, la media del calostro de vacas primíparas fue de 25,1° Brix y en vacas multíparas 27,7° Brix. La media del suero sanguíneo obtenido de terneros que consumieron calostro de vaquilla fue de 9.2° Brix y de aquellos que ingirieron calostro de multípara fue de 9.8°. Los resultados fueron sometidos al análisis estadístico de correlación de Spearman, dando un coeficiente de correlación de 0,82 en vacas primíparas y 0,18 en vacas multíparas. En las condiciones evaluadas en este estudio, el número de partos no tiene directa incidencia con la calidad y eficacia del traspaso de inmunidad pasiva desde la vaca hacia el ternero
Sintesis biomimetica de nanoparticulas: Una revisión exhaustiva sobre la síntesis verde de nanopartículas con foco en extractos de la planta Prosopis farcta y sus aplicaciones biomedicas
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally friendly methods has garnered significant attention in response to concerns about the environmental impact of various nanomaterial manufacturing techniques. To address this issue, natural resources like extracts from plants, fungi, and bacteria are employed as a green alternative for nanoparticle synthesis. Plant extracts, which contain active components such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and vitamins, operate as coating and reducing agents. Bacteria and fungi, on the other hand, rely on internal enzymes, sugar molecules, membrane proteins, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dependent enzymes to play critical roles as reducing agents. This review collects recent advancements in biomimetic methods for nanoparticle synthesis, critically discussing the preparation approaches, the type of particles obtained, and their envisaged applications. A specific focus is given on using Prosopis fractal plant extracts to synthesize nanoparticles tailored for biomedical applications. The applications of this plant and its role in the biomimetic manufacturing of nanoparticles have not been reported yet, making this review a pioneering and valuable contribution to the field
Administración de gemcitabina de doble acción: cápsulas de quitosano, magnetita y zeolita para terapia dirigida contra el cáncer y defensa antibacteriana
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Cancer and infectious diseases are two of the world’s major public health problems. Gemcitabine (GEM) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against several types of cancer. In this study, we developed macrocapsules incorporating GEM into a chitosan matrix blended with magnetite and zeolite by ionic gelation. Physicochemical characterization was performed using HRTEM-ED, XRD, FESEM–EDS, FT-IR, TGA, encapsulation efficiency (%E.E.), and release profiles at pHs 7.4 and 5.0. Cell viability tests against A549 and H1299 cell lines, and microbiological properties against staphylococcal strains were performed. Our results revealed the successful production of hemispherical capsules with an average diameter of 1.22 mm, a rough surface, and characteristic FT-IR material interaction bands. The macrocapsules showed a high GEM encapsulation efficiency of over 86% and controlled release over 24 h. Cell viability assays revealed that similar cytotoxic effects to free GEM were achieved with a 45-fold lower GEM concentration, suggesting reduced dosing requirements and potentially fewer side effects. Additionally, the macrocapsules demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, reducing Staphylococcus epidermidis growth by over 90%. These results highlight the macrocapsules dual role as a chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial agent, offering a promising strategy for treating lung cancer in patients at risk of infectious diseases or who are immunosuppressed
Nursing Experiences in Critical Units during the First Wave of COVID-19 in Chile
Get PDFPublisher Copyright: © 2024, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.Introduction: Nursing professionals, during the COVID-19 pandemic and in critical units, had to face challenging and adverse care scenarios, with high risk of contagion, but with vocation of service by providing timely and safe care. Objective: To analyze the care experiences of nursing professionals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative and phenomenological study was conducted in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, in the period 2020-2021. The unit of analysis was 9 nursing professionals in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling was homogenous. Semistructured interviews were used to produce the information. The content analysis of the data was carried out according to Braun and Clarke, which gave rise to thematic categorical matrices that emerge from the narratives. Results: The experiences of the professionals are represented by thematic categories such as preparation and training, nursing care from their role, relationships with the health team and sick people, first COVID-19 experiences, recognition and professional growth. Conclusions: The experiences of the nursing professionals in pandemic went through complex moments, faced challenges, risk of contagion and infection by coronavirus, increased workload and stress; they lived personal, family and professional adaptive processes by ensuring safe and quality care with dedication and professionalism, which contributed to satisfaction, recognition and professional growth
Necesidades vocales de los participantes de coros no profesionales de la ciudad de Valdivia 2024
Get PDFFonoaudiología, Licenciado en FonoaudiologíaEl objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las necesidades vocales de los participantes de coros no profesionales de la ciudad de Valdivia, utilizando el \"Cuestionario de Detección de Necesidades Vocales de Cantantes de Coros No Profesionales\" (DNVCA). Un total de 37 participantes fueron encuestados para evaluar tres dimensiones clave: física, técnica vocal y psicológica. Resultados revelaron que la dimensión física fue la mejor evaluada, con un 53,5% de los participantes reportando no experimentar molestias físicas al cantar, aunque se identificaron problemas ocasionales como la sensación de garganta apretada (59,3%). En contraste, la dimensión psicológica mostró mayores niveles de preocupación; el 20% de los participantes indicó un malestar psicológico constante, y el 62% experimentó cambios en el estado de ánimo al cantar. La dimensión técnica vocal destacó el desafío de la proyección de la voz, ya que el 55% de los participantes señaló la necesidad de hacer un esfuerzo adicional para lograr mayor volumen. Los hallazgos sugieren que, aunque el canto coral se percibe generalmente como una actividad físicamente beneficiosa, existen desafíos notables en las áreas de bienestar psicológico y técnica vocal. Los participantes más jóvenes reportaron mayores dificultades técnicas y emocionales, lo que resalta el papel de la experiencia en la mitigación de estos problemas. Esta investigación subraya la importancia de implementar entrenamientos vocales específicos y apoyo psicológico para mejorar la experiencia coral. Las recomendaciones incluyen la incorporación de rutinas de calentamiento y enfriamiento vocal, el desarrollo de técnicas para una mejor proyección y resonancia vocal, y la promoción de un ambiente de apoyo para fomentar la estabilidad emocional. Estas estrategias buscan optimizar la salud, el rendimiento y la satisfacción general de los participantes de coros no profesionales en Valdivia.
Effect of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) and Palmitic Acid on Insulin Signaling and Inflammatory Marker Expression in Human Adipocytes
No full textBackground: Aging and obesity are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and low-grade inflammation. Molecularly, IR is characterized by a reduction in glucose uptake and insulin signaling (IRS-1/Akt/AS160 pathway), while inflammation may result from upregulated NF-κB pathway after low Tyr-IκBα phosphorylation. Upregulated phosphatase activity of PTP1B is associated with impaired insulin signaling and increased inflammation. Plasma levels of palmitic acid (PA) are elevated in obesity, triggering inflammation and disruption of insulin signaling. Traditional medicine in Northern Chile uses oral infusions of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) to treat inflammatory conditions. Significant amounts of flavonoids are found in the hydroethanolic extract of Lampaya (HEL), which may account for its biological activity. The aim of this work was to study the effect of HEL and PA on insulin signaling and glucose uptake as well as inflammatory marker expression in human adipocytes. Methods: We studied HEL effects on PA-induced impairment on insulin signaling, glucose uptake and inflammatory marker content in human SW872 adipocytes. HEL cytotoxicity was assessed in adipocytes at different concentrations (0.01 to 10 g/mL). Adipocytes were incubated or not with PA (0.4 mM, 24 h) with or without HEL (2 h pre-incubation), and then stimulated with insulin (10 min, 100 mM) or a vehicle. Phospho-IRS-1, phospho-Akt, phospho-AS160, phospho-NF-κB and phospho-IκBα, as well as protein levels of PTP1B, were assessed using Western blotting, and glucose uptake was evaluated using the 2-NBDG analogue. Results: At the assessed HEL concentrations, no cytotoxic effects were observed. PA decreased insulin-stimulated phospho-Akt and glucose uptake, while co-treatment with HEL increased such markers. PA decreased phospho-IRS-1 and phospho-Tyr-IκBα. On the other hand, incubation with HEL+PA decreased phospho-AS160 and phospho-NF-κB compared with cells treated with PA alone. Conclusion: Our results suggest a beneficial effect of HEL by improving PA-induced impairment on molecular markers of insulin signaling, glucose uptake and inflammation in adipocytes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether lampaya may constitute a preventive strategy for people whose circulating PA levels contribute to IR and inflammation during aging and obesity