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Capacitación y actualización del conocimiento respecto de la atención a la diversidad : una aproximación desde la visión docente en un establecimiento particular subvencionado de la comuna de Santa Juana
Get PDFPedagogía en Educación Diferencial, Licenciado en EducaciónEn la actualidad la atención a la diversidad es un tema de contingencia, sobre todo en el ámbito educativo, más aún cuando cada vez existen nuevas características y necesidades en los estudiantes. Esto conlleva a la necesidad del profesorado por capacitarse y/o actualizarse sobre estos temas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la capacitación y actualización del conocimiento respecto a la atención a la diversidad en un establecimiento educativo particular subvencionado en la comuna de Santa Juana. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, se realizó un estudio de caso, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a 7 docentes de diversas asignaturas de un establecimiento de la región del Biobío. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación indican que los docentes sí manejan conocimiento sobre la educación inclusiva e implementan distintas estrategias. Además, han recibido por parte del establecimiento capacitaciones enfocadas en los estudiantes, impartidas por los especialistas del Programa de Integración Escolar. Sin embargo, estas no son suficientes para lograr atender a la diversidad en el aula, ya que aún existen dudas y nudos críticos respecto del desarrollo de aprendizajes para todos(as) los estudiantes bajo un entorno inclusivo.Addressing diversity is a pressing issue, particularly in the field of education, as students increasingly present new characteristics and needs. This necessitates that teachers undergo training and/or updates on these topics. The aim of this research was to analyze the training and knowledge updates related to addressing diversity in a privately subsidized educational institution in the Santa Juana district. A qualitative methodology was employed, using a case study approach through semi-structured interviews conducted with seven teachers from various subjects at an institution in the Biobío region. The findings indicate that the teachers possess knowledge about inclusive education and implement various strategies. Additionally, they have received training from specialists in the School Integration Program provided by the institution. However, these efforts are insufficient to fully address diversity in the classroom, as critical challenges and questions remain regarding the development of learning opportunities for all students in an inclusive environment
Eficacia de la obliteración de túbulos dentinarios con pastas dentales medicadas : estudio in vitro
No full textEspecialista en Periodoncia e Implantología QuirúrgicaLos pacientes que son sometidos a terapia periodontal con frecuencia experimentan sensibilidad dentinaria producto de la exposición de túbulos dentinarios, este cuadro clínico molesto que puede interferir con el necesario control de placa de biofilm. Las pastas dentales desensibilizantes son la primera línea de acción frente a esta condición, debido a que están ampliamente disponibles en el mercado, son económicas y ofrecen rápido alivio ante esta situación. El propósito de este estudio experimental fue comparar la oclusión de túbulos dentinarios abiertos después de la terapia periodontal usando diversos agentes desensibilizantes, usando métodos de análisis histológicos, en un modelo in vitro. Se obtuvieron dientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de periodontitis y con indicación de extracción dentro del plan de tratamiento bajo consentimiento informado. Los dientes obtenidos fueron desinfectados y cortados con instrumental rotatorio para obtener segmentos de diente con disco de diamante, se procedió a realizar el pulido y raspado radicular de la superficie con curetas. Las muestras se dividieron en tres grupos para luego proceder la aplicación de las pastas desensibilizantes: arginina carbonatada al 8%, fluoruro de sodio 0,0721% y fluoruro de estaño 0,454% e hidroxiapatita 0,45% y nitrato de potasio 5%. Se aplicó la pasta medicada durante 30 minutos a 37ºC en cámara húmeda. Para observar claramente la precipitación de cristales que penetren los túbulos dentinarios, se utilizó la técnica tinción por medio de la precipitación de sales de plata. La evaluación de la permeabilidad dentinaria fue mediante la precipitación de cristales que penetren los túbulos dentinarios. Las muestras fueron cortadas y desgastadas para ser visualizadas y fotografiadas digitalmente en microscopio óptico de luz previamente calibrado. Se observó la formación de cristales de mineral en la entrada de los túbulos dentinarios expuestos en todas las muestras experimentales tratadas con pastas medicadas desensibilizantes y que impiden la difusión de los iones de plata dentro de los túbulos. La pasta con combinación de fluoruros presentó un rendimiento inferior permitiendo el paso de iones de plata a mayor profundidad.Patients who undergo periodontal therapy frequently experience dentin sensitivity as a result of the exposure of dentinal tubules, this annoying clinical condition that can interfere with the necessary control of biofilm plaque. Desensitizing toothpastes are the first line of action against this condition, because they are widely available on the market, are economical and offer quick relief in this situation. The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the occlusion of open dentinal tubules after periodontal therapy using various desensitizing agents, using histological analysis methods, in an in vitro model. Teeth were obtained from patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis and with an indication for extraction within the treatment plan under informed consent. The obtained teeth were disinfected and cut with rotary instruments to obtain tooth segments with a diamond disc; the surface was polished and root-scaled with curettes. The samples were divided into three groups and then the application of desensitizing pastes proceeded: carbonated arginine 8%, sodium fluoride 0.0721% and stannous fluoride 0.454% and hydroxyapatite 0.45% and potassium nitrate 5%. The medicated paste was applied for 30 minutes at 37ºC in a humid chamber. To clearly observe the precipitation of crystals that penetrate the dentinal tubules, the staining technique was used through the precipitation of silver salts. The evaluation of dentin permeability was through the precipitation of crystals that penetrate the dentinal tubules. The samples were cut and worn to be visualized and digitally photographed in a previously calibrated optical light microscope. The formation of mineral crystals at the entrance of the exposed dentinal tubules was observed in all experimental samples treated with desensitizing medicated pastes that prevent the diffusion of silver ions within the tubules. The paste with a combination of fluorides presented lower performance, allowing the passage of silver ions to greater depths
Innovative Approach to AccelerateWound Healing: Synthesis and Validation of Enzymatically Cross-Linked COL–rGO Biocomposite Hydrogels : Synthesis and Validation of Enzymatically Cross-Linked COL–rGO Biocomposite Hydrogels
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.In this study, an innovative conductive hybrid biomaterial was synthetized using collagen (COL) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in order for it to be used as a wound dressing. The hydrogels were plasticized with glycerol and enzymatically cross-linked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A successful interaction among the components was demonstrated by FTIR, XRD, and XPS. It was demonstrated that increasing the rGO concentration led to higher conductivity and negative charge density values. Moreover, rGO also improved the stability of hydrogels, which was expressed by a reduction in the biodegradation rate. Furthermore, the hydrogel’s stability against the enzymatic action of collagenase type I was also strengthened by both the enzymatic cross-linking and the polymerization of dopamine. However, their absorption capacity, reaching values of 215 g/g, indicates the high potential of the hydrogels to absorb fluids. The rise of these properties positively influenced the wound closure process, achieving an 84.5% in vitro closure rate after 48 h. These findings clearly demonstrate that these original composite biomaterials can be a viable choice for wound healing purposes
Psychometric evidence of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) : an item response theory analysis in university students from Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Experiential avoidance (EA) is a psychological mechanism associated with several mental health disorders and is regarded as a relevant target by third-generation cognitive behavioral therapies. It has been mainly assessed through self-report questionnaires, and the AAQ-II is the most used tool. Its psychometric evidence has been mostly tested through the classical test theory (CTT) and very scarcely assessed through Item Response Theory (IRT). Methods: We used the Graded Response Model to examine its psychometric properties in Spanish-speaking university students (n = 1503; women = 995 (66.2%), mean age = 19.29, SD = 2.45). We tested whether the empirical data fit the model’s predictions and estimated the dispersion of persons and items along the experiential avoidance continuum. Moreover, we examined category probability curves to identify the response probability of each answer. Likewise, an item-person map was made where the measurement of persons and items, both on the same scale and along the experiential avoidance continuum, could be observed jointly. Finally, we tested the gender invariance of the scale. Results: We found that the values of the individuals and the items were in the established range to be considered an adequate measure of EA. Additionally, we observed high discrimination indices for all items. The current version with seven answer options could not be optimal and should be tested in future studies. Finally, we found evidence of differential functioning by gender in one of the seven items of the instrument. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the AAQ-II is a suitable tool for measuring EA and accurately classifying and differentiating EA levels in university students
Evaluación de la glicoproteína acida alfa-1 (agp) como marcador sérico en el diagnóstico de la peritonitis infecciosa felina (pif) : revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFMedicina Veterinaria, Licenciado en Medicina VeterinariasLas proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) son biomarcadores plasmáticos de síntesis hepática, liberados como defensa temprana en respuesta a procesos inflamatorios, daño tisular, traumatismos, estrés o neoplasias. Aunque en medicina veterinaria aún no son utilizadas de gran manera, se siguen realizando amplios estudios para determinar su relevancia a la hora de integrarlas a la práctica clínica. Las PFA varían su concentración fisiológica de acuerdo a las distintas especies de animales en las que se encuentran. En gatos, una de las más importantes es la glicoproteína ácida alfa-1 (AGP), ya que ha demostrado ser un valioso biomarcador de enfermedad. Específicamente, la peritonitis infecciosa felina (PIF) es una de las enfermedades que más alta tasa de mortalidad tiene en esta especie, es por esto que relacionar la AGP como un biomarcador de esta patología se hace cada vez más relevante. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es evaluar mediante la revisión sistemática de datos la relevancia de la glicoproteína ácida alfa-1 como marcador en el diagnóstico de la peritonitis infecciosa felina, tomando en cuenta tanto sus concentraciones fisiológicas como patológicas en sangre y otros líquidos orgánicos. De los buscadores utilizados (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet, Google Scholar, Science Direct y EBSCO), se obtuvieron solo 6 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de búsqueda. Se pudo determinar que la AGP como biomarcador en la PIF, tanto en suero como en efusión, es una herramienta diagnostica complementaria de alta utilidad. Además, se logró determinar que la diferencia mínima entre gatos sanos y enfermos era de >1.0 mg/mL.Acute phase proteins (APP) are plasma biomarkers of hepatic synthesis, released as an early defense in response to inflammatory processes, tissue damage, trauma, stress or neoplasia. Although they are not yet widely used in veterinary medicine, extensive studies continue to determine their relevance for integration into clinical practice. PFA vary in their physiological concentration according to the different animal species in which they are found. In cats, one of the most important is alpha-1 acidic glycoprotein (AGP), as it has been shown to be a valuable biomarker of disease. Specifically, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in this species, which is why relating AGP as a biomarker of this pathology is becoming increasingly relevant. The objetive of this literature review was to evaluate, through a systematic review of data, the relevance of acid alpha-1 glycoprotein as a marker in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis, taking into account both its physiological and pathological concentrations in blood and other organic fluids. Of the search engines used (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet, Google Scholar, Science Direct y EBSCO) only 6 articles were obtained that met the search criteria. It was determined that AGP as a biomarker in FIP, both in serum and effusion, is a highly useful complementary diagnostic tool. In addition, it was determined that the minimum difference between healthy and sick cats was >1.0 mg/mL
Relación entre la microbiota vaginal e intestinal en mujeres con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, 2020 - 2024
Get PDFIntroducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es una condición endocrina-metabólica frecuente en mujeres en edad reproductiva, caracterizada por desequilibrios hormonales, resistencia a la insulina e inflamación crónica. Investigaciones recientes sugieren que la disbiosis en la microbiota vaginal e intestinal puede desempeñar un papel clave en su patogénesis, vinculando estas alteraciones microbianas con síntomas como el hiperandrogenismo y la disfunción ovulatoria. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas (PubMed, Google Scholar y WOS) entre 2020 y 2024, utilizando términos como "microbiota vaginal", "microbiota intestinal", "disbiosis" y "síndrome de ovario poliquístico". Se incluyeron estudios en humanos y modelos murinos, centrados en las relaciones entre las microbiotas y el SOP. Resultados: La disbiosis intestinal en mujeres con SOP muestra un aumento de bacterias inflamatorias (Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella) y una disminución de bacterias beneficiosas (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria), que contribuyen a la inflamación, resistencia a la insulina y desregulación hormonal. A nivel vaginal, una reducción de Lactobacillus y el incremento de patógenos como Mycoplasma y Prevotella crean un microambiente desfavorable, exacerbando la inflamación y los síntomas del SOP. Intervenciones como probióticos y trasplantes de microbiota han mostrado mejoras en la diversidad microbiana, regulación hormonal y alivio de síntomas tanto en estudios humanos como murinos. Conclusión: La disbiosis vaginal e intestinal está estrechamente ligada al desarrollo del SOP. Terapias basadas en microbiota, como probióticos y trasplante de microbiota fecal, emergen como estrategias prometedoras para el manejo del SOP. No obstante, se requiere más investigación para comprender mejor los mecanismos involucrados y optimizar estos enfoques terapéuticos.Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic condition in reproductive-age women, characterized by hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis in the vaginal and gut microbiota plays a key role in its pathogenesis, linking microbial alterations to symptoms such as hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and WOS) from 2020 to 2024. Keywords included "vaginal microbiota," "gut microbiota," "dysbiosis," and "polycystic ovary syndrome." Studies involving humans and murine models focusing on microbiota-PCOS interactions were selected. Results: Gut dysbiosis in women with PCOS is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria (Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella) and a decrease in beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria), contributing to inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal
dysregulation. In the vaginal microbiota, a reduction in Lactobacillus and an increase in pathogens such as Mycoplasma and Prevotella create an unfavorable microenvironment that exacerbates inflammation and PCOS symptoms. Interventions such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have shown promising results, improving microbial diversity, hormonal regulation, and symptom relief in both human and murine studies. Conclusion: Vaginal and gut dysbiosis are closely linked to PCOS development. Microbiota-based therapies, such as probiotics and FMT, offer promising strategies for PCOS management. However, further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize these therapeutic approaches
Determinación del riesgo en la calidad percibida de la relación entre tutores y sus perros (canis lupus familiaris) frente a la presencia de enfermedad de la mascota en la ciudad de Puerto Montt, X Región de Los Lagos, Chile
Get PDFLos perros son una parte fundamental en la vida humana, proporcionando
beneficios emocionales significativos y planteando desafíos sociales y económicos que
deben abordarse para garantizar una convivencia armoniosa y responsable entre
humanos y animales. Estos desafíos pueden verse afectados por diversas
enfermedades que padezcan los perros y cómo estas influyen en la relación entre los
dueños y sus mascotas.
Se llevó a cabo un estudio basado en un análisis estadístico descriptivo,
utilizando la medida de Odds Ratio y el programa estadístico Epi Info, para evaluar si
la presencia de enfermedades en las mascotas tiene un impacto en la calidad de la
relación percibida por los tutores de los perros. El estudio revela que la mayoría de los
tutores perciben una relación satisfactoria con sus perros, independientemente de la
presencia de enfermedades. Los resultados indican que, aunque la presencia de
enfermedades puede afectar la percepción de la relación en términos de tiempo de
interacción, no afecta la cercanía emocional ni la percepción de los costos asociados.Dogs are a fundamental part of human life, providing significant emotional
benefits and posing social and economic challenges that must be addressed to ensure
harmonious and responsible coexistence between humans and animals. These
challenges can be influenced by various diseases affecting dogs and how they impact
the relationship between owners and their pets.
A study was conducted based on a descriptive statistical analysis, using the Odds
Ratio measure and the statistical program Epi Info, to evaluate whether the presence of
diseases in pets impacts the quality of the relationship perceived by dog owners. The
study reveals that most owners perceive a satisfactory relationship with their dogs,
regardless of the presence of diseases. The results indicate that, although the presence
of diseases can affect the perception of the relationship in terms of interaction time, it
does not impact the emotional closeness or the perception of associated costs
Acidithiobacillia class members originating at sites within the Pacific Ring of Fire and other tectonically active locations and description of the novel genus ‘Igneacidithiobacillus’
No full textPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Arisan, Moya-Beltrán, Rojas-Villalobos, Issotta, Castro, Ulloa, Chiaccharini, Díez, Martín, Ñancucheo, Giaveno, Johnson and Quatrini.Recent studies have expanded the genomic contours of the Acidithiobacillia, highlighting important lacunae in our comprehension of the phylogenetic space occupied by certain lineages of the class. One such lineage is ‘Igneacidithiobacillus’, a novel genus-level taxon, represented by ‘Igneacidithiobacillus copahuensis’ VAN18-1T as its type species, along with two other uncultivated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) originating from geothermally active sites across the Pacific Ring of Fire. In this study, we investigate the genetic and genomic diversity, and the distribution patterns of several uncharacterized Acidithiobacillia class strains and sequence clones, which are ascribed to the same 16S rRNA gene sequence clade. By digging deeper into this data and contributing to novel MAGs emerging from environmental studies in tectonically active locations, the description of this novel genus has been consolidated. Using state-of-the-art genomic taxonomy methods, we added to already recognized taxa, an additional four novel Candidate (Ca.) species, including ‘Ca. Igneacidithiobacillus chanchocoensis’ (mCHCt20-1TS), ‘Igneacidithiobacillus siniensis’ (S30A2T), ‘Ca. Igneacidithiobacillus taupoensis’ (TVZ-G3 TS), and ‘Ca. Igneacidithiobacillus waiarikiensis’ (TVZ-G4 TS). Analysis of published data on the isolation, enrichment, cultivation, and preliminary microbiological characterization of several of these unassigned or misassigned strains, along with the type species of the genus, plus the recoverable environmental data from metagenomic studies, allowed us to identify habitat preferences of these taxa. Commonalities and lineage-specific adaptations of the seven species of the genus were derived from pangenome analysis and comparative genomic metabolic reconstruction. The findings emerging from this study lay the groundwork for further research on the ecology, evolution, and biotechnological potential of the novel genus ‘Igneacidithiobacillus’
Galectinas en la transición epitelio-mesénquima: roles y mecanismos que contribuyen a la reparación de tejidos, fibrosis y metástasis del cáncer
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts.Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts
Evaluación de resistencia al corte en muros de contención de hormigón armado bajo la normativa aci318-08 y aci318-19
Get PDFIngeniería Civil, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaEn el presente estudio se llevó a cabo una evaluación de la resistencia al corte nominal de muros de contención con perfil T invertida bajo la normativa ACI 318-19, la cual sirvió como fundamento para la reciente actualización de la norma NCh 430 de 2008. Esta evaluación se comparó con la normativa vigente, que se basaba en el ACI 318-08. Para ello, se desarrollaron un total de 4409 perfiles diferentes, con alturas que oscilaban entre 2 y 13 metros con un incremento de 0.1 m, analizando factores de seguridad relacionados con el deslizamiento y el volcamiento. Los resultados indicaron que la altura del muro no debía superar 1.47 veces la dimensión de la base para alcanzar los factores de seguridad mínimos requeridos. A partir de estos perfiles, se evidenció que la capacidad nominal del ACI 318-19 era al menos 1.12 veces superior a la del ACI 318-08. En la comparación de la resistencia nominal al corte del ACI 318 del año 2019 versus la resistencia nominal al corte de la norma AASHTO, el valor máximo se observaba a menores alturas, mientras que el mínimo se daba a 8.6 metros, aumentando posteriormente hasta la altura máxima estudiada, sin alcanzar el valor máximo observado a 2 metros. Por otro lado, la resistencia de corte nominal del ACI 318-19 frente a la resistencia nominal de corte del ACI 318-08 iniciaba con un valor máximo en muros de baja altura y disminuía hasta la altura máxima analizada. La capacidad nominal del ACI 318-19 era 1.57 veces superior a la del ACI 318-08, pero disminuía con la altura del muro, alcanzando un valor de 1.13 de la capacidad del ACI 318-19 con respecto al ACI 318-08. Al comparar el ACI 318-19 con AASHTO, el valor de la capacidad al corte nominal respecto a la capacidad al corte nominal con la norma AASHTO variaba entre 1.78 y, tras alcanzar los 8.6 metros, aumentaba nuevamente hasta llegar a 1.03 a 13 metros.In the present study, an evaluation of the nominal shear strength of retaining walls with an inverted T-shape profile was carried out under the ACI 318-19 standard, which served as the basis for the recent update of the NCh 430 standard from 2008. This evaluation was compared with the current standard, which was based on ACI 318-08. A total of 4,409 different profiles were developed, with heights ranging from 2 to 13 meters, with an increment of 0.1 m, analyzing safety factors related to sliding and overturning. The results indicated that the wall height should not exceed 1.47 times the base dimension to achieve the minimum required safety factors. From these profiles, it was found that the nominal capacity of ACI 318-19 was at least 1.12 times higher than that of ACI 318-08. In comparing the nominal shear strength of ACI 318 from 2019 versus the nominal shear strength of the AASHTO standard, the maximum value was observed at lower heights, while the minimum was at 8.6 meters, increasing thereafter up to the maximum studied height, without reaching the maximum value observed at 2 meters. On the other hand, the nominal shear strength of ACI 318-19 versus the nominal shear strength of ACI 318-08 started with a maximum value for low-height walls and decreased until the maximum height analyzed. The nominal capacity of ACI 318-19 was 1.57 times higher than that of ACI 318-08, but it decreased with wall height, reaching a value of 1.13 for the capacity of ACI 318-19 compared to ACI 318-08. When comparing ACI 318-19 with AASHTO, the value of the nominal shear capacity compared to the nominal shear capacity with the AASHTO standard varied between 1.78 and, after reaching 8.6 meters, it increased again to 1.03 at 13 meters