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Biocidal effects of organometallic materials supported on ZSM-5 Zeolite: Influence of the physicochemical and surface properties
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsAntifouling coatings containing biocidal agents can be used to prevent the accumulation of biotic deposits on submerged surfaces; however, several commercial biocides can negatively affect the ecosystem. In this study, various formulations of a potential biocide product comprising copper nanoparticles and capsaicin supported on zeolite ZSM-5 were analyzed to determine the influence of the concentration of each component. The incorporation of copper was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Similarly, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that capsaicin was supported on the zeolite surface. The presence of capsaicin on the external zeolite surface significantly reduced the surface area of the zeolite. Finally, bacterial growth inhibition analysis showed that copper nanoparticles inhibited the growth of strains Idiomarina loihiensis UCO25, Pseudoalteromonas sp. UCO92, and Halomonas boliviensis UCO24 while the organic component acted as a reinforcing biocide
Salud mental : la importancia en el proceso de aprendizaje para el desarrollo integral : estudio de caso en la Escuela Rural de Barreales de la comuna de Santa Cruz
Get PDFPedagogía en Educación Diferencial Advance, Licenciado en EducaciónLa presente tesis se centra en la investigación de la importancia de la salud mental en el proceso de aprendizaje para el desarrollo integral en la escuela rural de Barreales de la comuna de Santa Cruz, región del Libertador Bernardo O Higgins, Chile. Esto tiene como objetivo principal la exploración en profundidad de las percepciones y experiencias del proceso, buscando comprender la forma en que todos estos elementos influyen en la salud mental de los estudiantes. Se busca obtener un entendimiento detallado y lleno de factores pedagógicos, psicológicos y sociales que marcan el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes en la etapa educativa.
Considerando lo anterior el orden de ideas la investigación se estructuró en momentos, donde se comprende el, planteamiento del problema y su formulación, los objetivos de la investigación, tanto general como específicos, la justificación de esta, se desarrolla el marco metodológico, donde se especifica el tipo de investigación, diseño, se determina la fuente de información, los resultados de diagnóstico y categoría de análisis.
Se utilizará una metodología cualitativa que considera la realización de entrevista a actores clave en el desarrollo pedagógico de los estudiantes de La Escuela Rural de Barreales. Estos actores serán Equipo directivo, Jefe de UTP, Convivencia Escolar, Dupla Psicosocial, Programa de Integración Escolar, utilizando como base la teoría de salud mental infantil. Por medio de esta entrevista, se pretende obtener información con relatos auténticos y diferentes miradas acerca del proceso de aprendizaje y desarrollo integral en la educación de los niños y niñas. Utilizando la metodología de Estudio de Caso, podremos adentrarnos en las vivencias y significados más importantes en relación con la salud mental de los estudiantes.
La elección de esta investigación se vio marcada por el contexto de una merma en la salud mental de los niños y niñas en el entorno educativo, considerando que la educación es de suma importancia en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Nuestro interés y el de la sociedad se basa en obtener herramientas para comprender de manera más efectiva cómo las experiencias educativas marcan e influyen en el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes.This thesis focuses on the investigation of the importance of mental health in the learning process for comprehensive development in the rural school of Barreales in the commune of Santa Cruz, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins region, Chile. The main objective of this is the in-depth exploration of the perceptions and experiences of the process, seeking to understand the way in which all these elements influence the mental health of students. It seeks to obtain a detailed understanding full of pedagogical, psychological and social factors that mark the comprehensive development of students in the educational stage.
Considering the above, the order of ideas, the research was structured in moments, where the problem statement and its formulation are understood, the objectives of the research, both general and specific, the justification of this, the methodological framework is developed, where specifies the type of research, design, determines the source of information, diagnostic results and analysis category.
A qualitative methodology will be used that considers conducting interviews with key actors in the pedagogical development of the students of La Escuela Rural de Barreales. These actors will be the Management Team, Head of UTP, School Coexistence, Psychosocial Duo, School Integration Program, using the theory of children's mental health as a basis. Through this interview, the aim is to obtain information with authentic stories and different perspectives about the process of learning and comprehensive development in the education of boys and girls. Using the Case Study methodology, we will be able to delve into the most important experiences and meanings in relation to the mental health of students.
The choice of this research was marked by the context of a decline in the mental health of boys and girls in the educational environment, considering that education is of utmost importance in the comprehensive development of students. Our interest and that of society is based on obtaining tools to more effectively understand how educational experiences mark and influence the psychological well-being of students
Racism, ideology of miscegenation and colonialism. Reflections to rethink the processes of otherization of our America
No full textTrends in traffic accident mortality and social inequalities in Ecuador from 2011 to 2022
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Traffic accidents (TA) remain a significant global public health concern, impacting low—and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the trend in TA mortality and inequalities in Ecuador for 2011–2022, distributed by year, gender, age group, geographical location, type of accident, and social inequalities. Methods: An ecological study was conducted using INEC national-level data on TA fatalities in Ecuador. Mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 population and analyzed by year, gender, age group, geographic region, and accident type. Annual percentage variation (APV) was determined using linear regression models. Inequality analyses examined associations between TA mortality and socioeconomic factors like per capita income and literacy rates. Complex measures such as the Slope Inequality Index (SII) were calculated to assess the magnitude of inequalities. Results: There were 38,355 TA fatalities in Ecuador from 2011 to 2022, with an overall mortality rate of 19.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate showed a non-significant decreasing trend (APV − 0.4%, p = 0.280). Males had significantly higher mortality rates than females (31.99 vs. 7.19 per 100,000), with the gender gap widening over time (APV 0.85%, p = 0.003). The Amazon region had the highest rate (24.4 per 100,000), followed by the Coast (20.4 per 100,000). Adults aged ≥ 60 years had the highest mortality (31.0 per 100,000), followed by those aged 25–40 years (28.6 per 100,000). The ≥ 60 age group showed the most significant rate decrease over time (APV − 2.25%, p < 0.001). Pedestrians were the most affected group after excluding unspecified accidents, with a notable decreasing trend (APV − 5.68%, p < 0.001). Motorcyclist fatalities showed an increasing trend, ranking third in TA-related deaths. Lower literacy rates and per capita income were associated with higher TA mortality risks. Inequality in TA mortality between provinces with the highest and lowest per capita income increased by 247.7% from 2011 to 2019, as measured by the SII. Conclusion: While overall TA mortality slightly decreased in Ecuador, significant disparities persist across demographic groups and geographic regions. Older adults, males, pedestrians, and economically disadvantaged populations face disproportionately higher risks. The increasing trend in motorcycle-related fatalities and widening socioeconomic inequalities are particularly concerning
Familia-participación: un análisis de la política educativa en el currículum de educación parvularia en Chile
No full textLa investigación educativa nos manifiesta que la familia es fundamental en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, y que su intervención en conjunto con la comunidad educativa puede contribuir en el desarrollo de niños y niñas, desde esta perspectiva resulta fundamental conocer la política educativa en educación inicial y analizar lo que esta manifiesta de la familia y su relación con la educación parvularia. El objetivo del estudio es conocer el estado de la situación de la política educativa en el currculum educación parvularia vinculada a la familia, ante este supuesto emerge un estudio de características descriptiva con un método de análisis documental desde los principales documentos que rigen el estado de la situación de la educación parvularia en Chile. Los resultados manifiestan que los documentos de política educativa analizados se ajustan de manera parcial al enfoque curricular praxeológico del currículo de educación parvularia, su principal debilidad es el escaso sustento teórico que permita construir una fundamentación solida de la importancia de la familia y participación como constructos de inclusión educativa. Como conclusión se declara que es necesario una política educativa para el trabajo de la familia y la educación inicial desde una perspectiva sociocrítica dejando de lado la mirada funcional, dichapolítica debe estar centrada en la participación como una mayor colaboración entre todos los actores involucrados en la educación de los niños y niñas, lo que a su vez contribuiría a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en esta etapa crucial del desarrollo infantil
Diagnóstico de Laguna Verde en la Región de Atacama, para una futura protección
Get PDFIngeniería en Gestión de Expediciones y Ecoturismo, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaEn este informe se presenta la información recopilada durante los meses previos al desarrollo de la tesis; esto incluye cada fase del proyecto y cada aspecto relevante dentro de la investigación. En la misma línea se presentan los objetivos originales presentados en el primer informe y cómo se avanzó en el trabajo tanto de gabinete como de campo. En los últimos años ha ido creciendo el interés por proteger áreas naturales dentro de Chile, por lo que de manera breve se presenta la historia y evolución de las medidas y normas que se han ido implementando. Desde ahí surgen las bases técnicas sobre las cuales se produjo el levantamiento de información del destino Laguna Verde y de sus alrededores. En el informe se presentan las categorías de protección que más se adecúan a las características del destino y sus necesidades. Más adelante se expone la metodología aplicada para el levantamiento de la información y se detallan las etapas de trabajo del proyecto, indicándose qué involucra cada una de ellas en cuanto a aspectos de enfoque y tipo de investigación. Finalmente, para el análisis y discusión de resultados, en el informe se exponen de manera ordenada los datos recopilados de forma previa a la visita y las hipótesis y preguntas planteadas en esa oportunidad; para posteriormente mostrar los resultados obtenidos después de la visita del destino.This report shows the information collected during the months before the development of the thesis. This includes each phase of the project and each relevant aspect within the research. Along the same lines, the original objectives presented in the first report are outlined as well as how the work was carried out, both in the office and in the field. In recent years, there has been growing interest in protecting natural areas within Chile, so the history and evolution of the regulations and regulations that have been implemented are briefly presented. From there arise the technical foundations upon which the information gathering of the Laguna Verde destination and its surroundings was carried out. The report presents the protection categories that best suit the characteristics of the destination and its needs. Later, the methodology applied to collect information is explained and the work stages of the project are detailed, indicating what involves each of them in terms of approach and type of research. Finally, for the analysis and discussion of results, the report presents in an orderly manner the data collected prior to the visit and the hypotheses and questions raised on that occasion; subsequently showing the results obtained after visiting the destination
Implementation of an early alert system in quizzes of a high complexity subject in higher education : Improvement of student performance and teacher perception
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Early Alert Systems (EAS) play a fundamental role in education by supporting the learning process and evaluating student performance. In this study, an innovative EAS designed to specifically identify weaknesses in Cognitive Skills (CS) in first-year higher education students is presented, focusing on a challenging course at a South American university. Through big data technology, approval rates linked to various cognitive skills were evaluated using quizzes. Subsequently, teachers, after analysis and dialogue, applied adapted strategies to strengthen these skills in their classes, which were evaluated in subsequent exams. The sample under study included 1,691 students from various health majors enrolled in a complex subject. The experimental group (994 students) that participated in the EAS was compared with a control group (697 students). Evaluations validated by the academic team were used, applying three quizzes throughout the 2022-20 academic period, and the results were analysed with the Power BI computer tool, generating online reports that highlighted CS by section. The EAS, based on teacher surveys, is innovative and it also positively impacts student achievement, evidenced in overall approval rates, by teacher and section. In addition to promoting collaboration among professors, it also improves the teaching quality and suggests a positive impact on the learning of complex subjects in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This comprehensive approach to early monitoring of student performance shows promise for the ongoing improvement of educational quality
Nutrient structure dynamics and microbial communities at the water–sediment interface in an extremely acidic lake in northern Patagonia
No full textPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Cuevas, Francisco, Díaz-González, Diaz, Quatrini, Beamud, Pedrozo and Temporetti.Lake Caviahue (37° 50 ‘S and 71° 06’ W; Patagonia, Argentina) is an extreme case of a glacial, naturally acidic, aquatic environment (pH ~ 3). Knowledge of the bacterial communities in the water column of this lake, is incipient, with a basal quantification of the bacterioplankton abundance distribution in the North and South Basins of Lake Caviahue, and the described the presence of sulfur and iron oxidizing bacteria in the lake sediments. The role that bacterioplankton plays in nutrient utilization and recycling in this environment, especially in the phosphorus cycle, has not been studied. In this work, we explore this aspect in further depth by assessing the diversity of pelagic, littoral and sediment bacteria, using state of the art molecular methods and identifying the differences and commonalties in the composition of the cognate communities. Also, we investigate the interactions between the sediments of Lake Caviahue and the microbial communities present in both sediments, pore water and the water column, to comprehend the ecological relationships driving nutrient structure and fluxes, with a special focus on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Two major environmental patterns were observed: (a) one distinguishing the surface water samples due to temperature, Fe2+, and electrical conductivity, and (b) another distinguishing winter and summer samples due to the high pH and increasing concentrations of N-NH4+, DOC and SO42−, from autumn and spring samples with high soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and iron concentrations. The largest bacterial abundance was found in autumn, alongside higher levels of dissolved phosphorus, iron forms, and increased conductivity. The highest values of bacterial biomass were found in the bottom strata of the lake, which is also where the greatest diversity in microbial communities was found. The experiments using continuous flow column microcosms showed that microbial growth over time, in both the test and control columns, was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of dissolved nutrients (SRP and N-NH4+), providing proof that sediment microorganisms are active and contribute significantly to nutrient utilization/mobilization
Effects of soil heating changes on soil hydraulic properties in Central Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsWildfires are natural phenomena for most ecosystems on Earth. Many soil properties are impacted by fire, including soil hydraulic properties. We used a laboratory experiment to replicate the temperatures reached by a natural wildfire and documented the effects on soil hydraulic properties. This study hypothesizes that the impact of heating on soil hydrological properties can be explained by the interaction of a number of variables especially organic matter content (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), texture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The main objective of this study is to explore the interconnections between soil hydraulic, chemical, and physical properties, focusing on understanding how these relationships change across different ecoregions and temperatures. Sixteen soils were collected across 16 sites susceptible to forest fires in the Central Zone of Chile and heated to 100 °C and 300 °C for two hours. These sites were representative of two distinct ecoregions: the Chilean Matorral (CM) and the Valdivian Temperate Forests (VTF). Chemical, physical, and hydraulic soil properties were measured before and after heating. At 100 °C, there were no significant changes in chemical, physical, or hydraulic soil properties. At 300 °C, significant changes were observed in most soil properties in soils from both ecoregions. The OM content and CEC decreased, whereas pH and electrical conductivity increased. In addition, clay content and water aggregate stability (WSA) decreased, while all hydraulic properties increased their values. The aforementioned results demonstrate that infiltration increased after the soil was heated. This can be attributed primarily to decreases in clay content. At the same time, the water repellency (R) index decreased, allowing water to more easily wet the soil particles. Correlations revealed that CEC and clay are the main factors ruling soil hydraulic properties at all temperatures. Clay mineralogy also contributes to the soil hydraulic behavior observed. Nonlinear models were developed to estimate hydraulic properties at 100 °C and 300 °C, using the main soil properties. The models illustrated that the soils of the CM ecoregion, which are characterized by lower OM and influence of clay/CEC ratio, would be less affected by fire compared to the soils of VTF. The water holding capacity would decrease in both ecoregions. However, due to the greater changes in OM and clay in VTF, the impact would be greater than in CM.
The GōMartini Approach : Revisiting the Concept of Contact Maps and the Modelling of Protein Complexes
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Polska Akademia Nauk. All rights reserved.We present a review of a series of contact maps for the determination of native interactions in proteins and nucleic acids based on a distance threshold. Such contact maps are mostly based on physical and chemical construction, and yet they are sensitive to some parameters (e.g., distances or atomic radii) and can neglect some key interactions. Furthermore, we also comment on a new class of contact maps that only requires geometric arguments. The contact map is a necessary ingredient to build a robust GōMartini model for proteins and their complexes in the Martini 3 force field. We present the extension of a popular structure-based Gō-like approach to the study of protein–sugar complexes, and the limitations of this approach are also discussed. The GōMartini approach was first introduced by Poma et al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13, 1366 (2017)) in Martini 2 force field, and recently, it has gained the status of gold standard for protein simulation undergoing conformational changes in Martini 3 force field. We discuss several studies that have provided support for this approach in the context of the biophysical community