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Diseño de un sistema de gestión de inventario en la farmacia comunitaria de la comuna de La Pintana
No full textIngeniería en Logística y Transporte Advance, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaLa Farmacia Comunitaria de La Pintana, una iniciativa municipal para proporcionar medicamentos a precios accesibles enfrenta desafíos en su gestión de abastecimiento e inventario. Operando desde 2016, depende del departamento de salud de la comuna y su presupuesto proviene de fondos municipales, siendo insuficiente para cubrir sus gastos operativos. Actualmente, carece de un sistema de inventario adecuado, utilizando planillas Excel que dificultan el seguimiento preciso de los medicamentos. Desde octubre de 2021, ha retomado el convenio con CENABAST, lo que ha aumentado exponencialmente la demanda de medicamentos, generando constantes quiebres de stock. Aunque atiende principalmente a usuarios inscritos en los Centros de Salud Familiar de la comuna, el aumento de pacientes y la falta de un criterio establecido para definir qué medicamentos comprar dificultan su gestión. La farmacia enfrenta problemas logísticos para realizar licitaciones y trámites administrativos, lo que afecta su capacidad de adquisición de medicamentos. Frente a esta situación, se propone implementar un sistema de gestión de inventario, optimizar el proceso de abastecimiento, mejorar la planificación y logística, y realizar proyecciones de demanda para justificar un aumento del presupuesto. La mejora continua será esencial para garantizar un mejor servicio a la comunidad.
Surface-enhanced Raman sensor with molecularly imprinted nanoparticles as highly sensitive recognition material for cancer marker amino acids
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique primarily due to its high sensitivity and signal-enhancing properties, which enable the identification of unique vibrational fingerprints. These fingerprints can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as cancer. It is crucial to selectively identify cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis. A correlation has been established between the reduction in the concentration of specific amino acids and the stage of the disease, particularly tryptophan (TPP) and tyrosine (TRS) in individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. In this work, we present a strategy to analyze TPP and TRS amino acids using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs), which selectively detect target molecules in a SERS sensor. NanoMIPs are synthesized using the solid-phase molecular imprinting method with TPP and TRS as templates. These are then immobilized on a SERS substrate with gold nanoparticles to measure samples prepared from tryptophan and tyrosine in phosphate-buffered saline. The detection and quantification limits of the designed sensor are 7.13 μM and 23.75 μM for TPP, and 22.11 μM and 73.72 μM for TRS, respectively. Our study lays the groundwork for future investigations utilizing nanoMIPs in SERS assessments of TPP and TRS as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer detection
El acoplamiento metabólico entre axones y oligodendrocitos es mediado por el K+ extracelular y mantiene la salud axonal
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.The integrity of myelinated axons relies on homeostatic support from oligodendrocytes (OLs). To determine how OLs detect axonal spiking and how rapid axon–OL metabolic coupling is regulated in the white matter, we studied activity-dependent calcium (Ca2+) and metabolite fluxes in the mouse optic nerve. We show that fast axonal spiking triggers Ca2+ signaling and glycolysis in OLs. OLs detect axonal activity through increases in extracellular potassium (K+) concentrations and activation of Kir4.1 channels, thereby regulating metabolite supply to axons. Both pharmacological inhibition and OL-specific inactivation of Kir4.1 reduce the activity-induced axonal lactate surge. Mice lacking oligodendroglial Kir4.1 exhibit lower resting lactate levels and altered glucose metabolism in axons. These early deficits in axonal energy metabolism are associated with late-onset axonopathy. Our findings reveal that OLs detect fast axonal spiking through K+ signaling, making acute metabolic coupling possible and adjusting the axon–OL metabolic unit to promote axonal health.The integrity of myelinated axons relies on homeostatic support from oligodendrocytes (OLs). To determine how OLs detect axonal spiking and how rapid axon–OL metabolic coupling is regulated in the white matter, we studied activity-dependent calcium (Ca2+) and metabolite fluxes in the mouse optic nerve. We show that fast axonal spiking triggers Ca2+ signaling and glycolysis in OLs. OLs detect axonal activity through increases in extracellular potassium (K+) concentrations and activation of Kir4.1 channels, thereby regulating metabolite supply to axons. Both pharmacological inhibition and OL-specific inactivation of Kir4.1 reduce the activity-induced axonal lactate surge. Mice lacking oligodendroglial Kir4.1 exhibit lower resting lactate levels and altered glucose metabolism in axons. These early deficits in axonal energy metabolism are associated with late-onset axonopathy. Our findings reveal that OLs detect fast axonal spiking through K+ signaling, making acute metabolic coupling possible and adjusting the axon–OL metabolic unit to promote axonal health
Wnt-5a Signaling Mediates Metaplasticity at Hippocampal CA3–CA1 Synapses in Mice
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Wnt signaling plays a role in synaptic plasticity, but the specific cellular events and molecular components involved in Wnt signaling-mediated synaptic plasticity are not well defined. Here, we report a change in the threshold required to induce synaptic plasticity that facilitates the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and inhibits the induction of long-term depression (LTD) during brief exposure to the noncanonical ligand Wnt-5a. Both effects are related to the metaplastic switch of hippocampal CA3–CA1 synaptic transmission, a complex mechanism underlying the regulation of the threshold required to induce synaptic plasticity and of synaptic efficacy. We observed an early increase in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) that persisted over time, including after washout. The first phase involves an increase in the fEPSP amplitude that is required to trigger a spontaneous second phase that depends on Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity. These changes are prevented by treatment with secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP-2), an endogenous antagonist of Wnt ligands. Here, we demonstrate the contribution of Wnt-5a signaling to a process associated with metaplasticity at CA3–CA1 synapses that favors LTP over LTD. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.
‘I don't know if I want to have children at some point’: meanings of parenthood and reproductive decisions
No full textEffect of exercise interventions on oxygen uptake in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Background: Although aerobic training leads to physiological improvements in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), measured by the VO2 peak, there is no evidence as to which type of physical exercise intervention is the most effective in improving the VO2 peak or max. Objective: A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to determine the effects of different physical interventions on oxygen uptake in people with COPD. Methods: A literature search was performed from database inception to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of exercise programs on oxygen uptake with COPD were included. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool and the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Pairwise meta-analyses and NMAs were performed for direct and indirect evidence. Results: A total of 22 studies were included in this NMA. The highest effects for improvement in oxygen uptake scores were for continuous, moderate-intensity endurance exercise versus a control (effect size [ES]: 1.17; 95% CI 0.59 to 1.74), followed by continuous, high-intensity endurance exercise versus a control (ES: 0.47; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.85), and combined exercise versus a control (ES: 0.41; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.64). Conclusions: Continuous, moderate-intensity endurance exercise should be considered the most effective strategy to improve oxygen uptake in people with COPD, followed by continuous, high-intensity endurance exercise and combined exercise. Due to the importance of VO2 as a predictor of quality of life and mortality in people with COPD, it is essential to include its assessment in clinical guidelines and to include the most effective physical activity interventions to improve it.Background: Although aerobic training leads to physiological improvements in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), measured by the VO2 peak, there is no evidence as to which type of physical exercise intervention is the most effective in improving the VO2 peak or max. Objective: A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to determine the effects of different physical interventions on oxygen uptake in people with COPD. Methods: A literature search was performed from database inception to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of exercise programs on oxygen uptake with COPD were included. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool and the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Pairwise meta-analyses and NMAs were performed for direct and indirect evidence. Results: A total of 22 studies were included in this NMA. The highest effects for improvement in oxygen uptake scores were for continuous, moderate-intensity endurance exercise versus a control (effect size [ES]: 1.17; 95% CI 0.59 to 1.74), followed by continuous, high-intensity endurance exercise versus a control (ES: 0.47; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.85), and combined exercise versus a control (ES: 0.41; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.64). Conclusions: Continuous, moderate-intensity endurance exercise should be considered the most effective strategy to improve oxygen uptake in people with COPD, followed by continuous, high-intensity endurance exercise and combined exercise. Due to the importance of VO2 as a predictor of quality of life and mortality in people with COPD, it is essential to include its assessment in clinical guidelines and to include the most effective physical activity interventions to improve it. Trial Registration: PROSPERO database: CRD4202342589
Gestación en pandemia por Covid-19: Consecuencias ligadas a alteraciones en la salud mental prenatal
No full textObjetivo: Comprender las consecuencias de las alteraciones en la salud mental de
las mujeres embarazadas durante la pandemia por Covid-19 sobre la salud de la madre y el bebé hasta el primer año de vida, a través de literatura científica publicada entre los años 2020 y 2024. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica sobre los
efectos de la pandemia por Covid-19 en la salud mental de las gestantes, para
identificar sus consecuencias, utilizando bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y
Wos. Se incluyeron descriptores como COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, embarazo, estrés
psicológico, ansiedad y salud mental, junto con palabras clave como consecuencias,
implicaciones y gestación. Resultados: La pandemia de COVID-19 impactó en la salud mental de las gestantes, aumentando los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad,
estrés y miedo al parto (tocofobia), debido al aislamiento, preocupaciones de salud,
pérdidas financieras y falta de apoyo. Estas afecciones perjudicaron no solo a las
madres, sino también al apego prenatal y el desarrollo infantil. Además, los síntomas depresivos y el estrés aumentaron el riesgo de bajo peso y partos prematuros, afectaron la regulación emocional y el desarrollo socio-cognitivo de los bebés, y en primíparas incluso se observó un impacto en la longitud al nacer. Conclusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó la salud mental de las embarazadas, aumentando la ansiedad, depresión, estrés y tocofobia debido a la incertidumbre, miedo al contagio y aislamiento social. Estas alteraciones impactaron en la salud materna y en el desarrollo del bebé, provocando variadas consecuencias. Esto resalta la necesidad de integrar apoyo psicológico en situaciones de estrés para mejorar el bienestar de las gestantes y prevenir consecuencias a largo plazo.Objective: To understand the consequences of alterations in the mental health of
pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic on maternal and infant health
through the first year of life, through scientific literature published between the years
2020 and 2024. Methodology: Bibliographic review on the effects of the Covid-19
pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women, to identify its consequences,
using databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Wos. Descriptors such as COVID-19,
SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy, psychological stress, anxiety and mental health were
included, along with keywords such as consequences, implications and gestation.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health of pregnant women,
increasing symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of childbirth
(tocophobia), due to isolation, health concerns, financial loss, and lack of support.
These conditions harmed not only mothers, but also prenatal attachment and infant
development. In addition, depressive symptoms and stress increased the risk of low
birth weight and preterm delivery, affected emotional regulation and socio-cognitive
development of infants, and in primiparas even had an impact on length at birth.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of pregnant
women, increasing anxiety, depression, stress and tocophobia due to uncertainty,
fear of contagion and social isolation. These alterations impacted maternal health
and the development of the baby, causing various consequences. This highlights the
need to integrate psychological support in stressful situations to improve the
well-being of pregnant women and prevent long-term consequences
Hietarinta Chern–Simons supergravity and its asymptotic structure
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).In this paper we present the Hietarinta Chern–Simons supergravity theory in three space-time dimensions which extends the simplest Poincaré supergravity theory. After approaching the construction of the action using the Chern–Simons formalism, the analysis of the corresponding asymptotic symmetry algebra is considered. For this purpose, we first propose a consistent set of asymptotic boundary conditions for the aforementioned supergravity theory whose underlying symmetry corresponds to the supersymmetric extension of the Hietarinta algebra. We then show that the corresponding charge algebra contains the super- bms3 algebra as subalgebra, and has three independent central charges. We also show that the obtained asymptotic symmetry algebra can alternatively be recovered as a vanishing cosmological constant limit of three copies of the Virasoro algebra, one of which is augmented by supersymmetry
Propuesta de mejoramiento en la estimación de costos y control de horas hombre de proyectos para empresa de ingeniería eléctrica E-TRANSMISSION
No full textIngeniería Industrial Advance, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaEl presente proyecto de título aborda las dificultades que enfrenta la empresa de ingeniería eléctrica E-Transmission en la estimación de costos y la asignación de recursos humanos para los proyectos que le son otorgados. Se identificaron dos problemáticas principales: la falta de precisión en la estimación de los costos de cada profesional y la dificultad para calcular el recurso humano necesario para desarrollar los proyectos. Durante todo el desarrollo del proyecto se utilizaron herramientas ingenieriles para ayudar a identificar las causas principales de las problemáticas, priorizar las que tienen un mayor impacto con el análisis de criticidad, ayudar a ordenar las ideas, realizar la propuesta de mejora, entre otros. En cuanto a las propuestas de mejoras, se llevaron a cabo a través del Ciclo de Deming, herramienta de gestión con la cual se consiguió estructurar la solución propuesta, transitando por cada una de las etapas para que la ejecución fuese efectiva y sostenible. Posterior, se establecieron indicadores de gestión para alcanzar los objetivos establecidos y que las mejoras hayan sido implementadas de manera eficiente, durante esta etapa también se realizó nuevamente la matriz de criticidad para evaluar si las causas raíz de cada problema, redujeron considerablemente el impacto, probabilidad de ocurrencia y tiempo de recuperación. Por consiguiente, se utilizó el análisis costo - beneficio para ayudar a determinar la viabilidad económica de las mejoras propuestas, la rentabilidad antes de la implementación y los beneficios post proyecto. Finalmente se llega a la conclusión que con la solución propuesta se obtienen beneficios significativos como la eficiencia operacional, el desarrollo del personal, competitividad, satisfacción del cliente y otros puntos relevantes para la empresa E-Transmission, los cuales se detallan en el análisis de beneficios con la implementación de las mejoras.The present project addresses the difficulties faced by the electrical engineering company E-Transmission in estimating costs and allocating human resources for the projects awarded to them. Two main issues were identified: the lack of precision in estimating the cost of each professional and the difficulty in calculating the necessary human resources to develop the projects. Both improvement proposals were developed based on the Deming Cycle tool, going through each of its stages to ensure proper implementation and effectiveness. To measure the results of the implementation, key performance indicators were used to make an effective before-and-after comparison. Finally, it was concluded that the feasibility of the project s implementation es 100% effective, following a cost - benefit análisis
A High-Performance Fractional Order Controller Based on Chaotic Manta-Ray Foraging and Artificial Ecosystem-Based Optimization Algorithms Applied to Dual Active Bridge Converter
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Over the last decade, dual active bridge (DAB) converters have become critical components in high-frequency power conversion systems. Recently, intensive efforts have been directed at optimizing DAB converter design and control. In particular, several strategies have been proposed to improve the performance of DAB control systems. For example, fractional-order (FO) control methods have proven potential in several applications since they offer improved controllability, flexibility, and robustness. However, the FO controller design process is critical for industrializing their use. Conventional FO control design methods use frequency domain-based design schemes, which result in complex and impractical designs. In addition, several nonlinear equations need to be solved to determine the optimum parameters. Currently, metaheuristic algorithms are used to design FO controllers due to their effectiveness in improving system performance and their ability to simultaneously tune possible design parameters. Moreover, metaheuristic algorithms do not require precise and detailed knowledge of the controlled system model. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm based on the chaotic artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO) and manta-ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithms is proposed with the aim of combining the best features of each. Unlike the conventional MRFO method, the newly proposed hybrid AEO-CMRFO algorithm enables the use of chaotic maps and weighting factors. Moreover, the AEO and CMRFO hybridization process enables better convergence performance and the avoidance of local optima. Therefore, superior FO controller performance was achieved compared to traditional control design methods and other studied metaheuristic algorithms. An exhaustive study is provided, and the proposed control method was compared with traditional control methods to verify its advantages and superiority