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Efecto del entrenamiento con realidad virtual inmersiva en el riesgo de caída de personas mayores: una revisión sistemática : a systematic review
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Sociedad Española de Rehabilitación y Medicina FísicaAging entails changes in the human body, generating a decrease in physical capabilities, including the risk of falls. New therapies are currently emerging for the risk of falls and immersive virtual reality is one of them, giving the user a realistic feeling of a virtual environment. This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of immersive virtual reality on the risk of falling in older people. Randomized controlled clinical trials were included, with at least one intervention group that used immersive virtual reality, age > 60 years and without multiple serious pathologies. Articles published until November 2023 were included, in accordance with the PRISMA guideline and including the PICO strategy, in the electronic databases PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Semantic Scholar and Science Direct. From a total of 413 articles, 7 studies were selected, which met the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the studies reviewed, the majority found significant improvements in tests that measure risk of falls, only one study did not find improvements in this variable but did find improvements for walking speed and functional reach test. Despite the limited literature, it seems that these interventions can have a positive effect, becoming a good tool to reduce the risk of falling in older people
Substance use treatment completion and criminal justice system contact in Chile : A retrospective, linked data cohort study
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.Background and aims: Substance use treatment (SUT) has shown to be effective in reducing self-reported offending; however, the association between SUT completion and criminal justice system (CJS) contact has been underexplored, especially in Latin America. This study aimed to estimate the association between SUT completion status and (1) any subsequent CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment, at 1, 3 and 5 years post-discharge, in Chile. Design: Retrospective cohort study using multivariable survival analysis based on linked administrative data from 2010 to 2019. Setting: This study took place in Chile, where SUT is available at no cost through Chile's publicly funded health-care, and is provided in outpatient and inpatient modalities in public and private centres. Participants: A total of 70 854 individuals received their first SUT from 2010 to 2019. They were mainly males (76.3%), and their main substance used at admission was cocaine paste (39.2%). Measurements: SUT completion status included completion, late dropout (≥ 3 months) and early dropout (< 3 months). Outcomes were (1) any CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment after baseline treatment. We estimated the association between treatment completion and CJS contact through flexible parametric Royston−Parmar models while adjusting for several covariates. Findings: Those who completed SUT (27.2%) were less likely to have any CJS contact at 5 years post-SUT compared with those who dropped out late [with a gap of −9.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −8.7, −10.3] and early (−11.2%, 95% CI = −10.1, −12.3). Also, those who completed SUT were less likely to have CJS contact leading to imprisonment at 5 years post-SUT compared with those who dropped out late (−2.6%, 95% CI = −2.2, −3.1) and early (−4.0%, 95% CI = −3.3, −4.6). These differences were also observed at 1 and 3 years post-SUT for each outcome. Conclusions: In Chile, completion of substance use treatment appears to be associated with lower probabilities of both any criminal justice system contact and contact leading to imprisonment.Background and aims: Substance use treatment (SUT) has shown to be effective in reducing self-reported offending; however, the association between SUT completion and criminal justice system (CJS) contact has been underexplored, especially in Latin America. This study aimed to estimate the association between SUT completion status and (1) any subsequent CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment, at 1, 3 and 5 years post-discharge, in Chile. Design: Retrospective cohort study using multivariable survival analysis based on linked administrative data from 2010 to 2019. Setting: This study took place in Chile, where SUT is available at no cost through Chile's publicly funded health-care, and is provided in outpatient and inpatient modalities in public and private centres. Participants: A total of 70 854 individuals received their first SUT from 2010 to 2019. They were mainly males (76.3%), and their main substance used at admission was cocaine paste (39.2%). Measurements: SUT completion status included completion, late dropout (≥ 3 months) and early dropout (< 3 months). Outcomes were (1) any CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment after baseline treatment. We estimated the association between treatment completion and CJS contact through flexible parametric Royston−Parmar models while adjusting for several covariates. Findings: Those who completed SUT (27.2%) were less likely to have any CJS contact at 5 years post-SUT compared with those who dropped out late [with a gap of −9.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −8.7, −10.3] and early (−11.2%, 95% CI = −10.1, −12.3). Also, those who completed SUT were less likely to have CJS contact leading to imprisonment at 5 years post-SUT compared with those who dropped out late (−2.6%, 95% CI = −2.2, −3.1) and early (−4.0%, 95% CI = −3.3, −4.6). These differences were also observed at 1 and 3 years post-SUT for each outcome. Conclusions: In Chile, completion of substance use treatment appears to be associated with lower probabilities of both any criminal justice system contact and contact leading to imprisonment
Factores de Riesgos Psicosocial y Ausentismo Laboral en Trabajadores de la Salud de un Laboratorio de Toma de Muestras de una Clínica, Santiago Chile 2024
No full textEl presente proyecto analiza los factores de riesgo psicosocial y el absentismo
laboral en el personal de salud de un laboratorio de toma de muestras en una
clínica de Santiago, Chile. Estos factores impactan directamente en el bienestar
físico y mental de los trabajadores, afectando negativamente tanto la productividad
como la calidad del servicio. A partir de los resultados de una encuesta realizada
con el cuestionario CEAL-SM, se identificaron áreas críticas, tales como la carga
laboral excesiva, el estrés, la falta de apoyo organizacional y el efecto del
absentismo en el equipo. Asimismo, se plantea la implementación de estrategias
preventivas que integren la perspectiva de género, en conformidad con el Decreto
Supremo 44, con el fin de fomentar un entorno laboral más inclusivo, seguro y
saludable. Estas acciones están organizadas dentro del ciclo de mejora continua,
garantizando un monitoreo constante y los ajustes necesarios para disminuir el
absentismo y mejorar el bienestar organizacional.This project analyzes psychosocial risk factors and absenteeism among healthcare
personnel in a sampling laboratory at a clinic in Santiago, Chile. These factors
directly impact the physical and mental well-being of workers, negatively affecting
both productivity and service quality. Based on the results of a survey conducted
using the CEAL-SM questionnaire, critical areas were identified, such as excessive
workload, stress, lack of organizational support, and the effect of absenteeism on
the team. Additionally, the implementation of preventive strategies integrating a
gender perspective is proposed, in compliance with Supreme Decree 44, to
promote a more inclusive, safe, and healthy work environment. These actions are
structured within the continuous improvement cycle, ensuring constant monitoring
and necessary adjustments to reduce absenteeism and enhance organizational
well-being
Análisis descriptivo de los registros de varamientos de cetáceos en Chile entre los años 2012-2022
Get PDFEl Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (SERNAPESCA) corresponde a la institución gubernamental del estado de Chile que monitorea y registra los varamientos de mamíferos marinos. En particular, Chile alberga una gran diversidad de cetáceos en sus mares, alrededor del 46% del total de las especies que se han descrito a nivel mundial,
los cuales desempeñan un importante rol ecosistémico. Sin embargo, el 37% de los cetáceos del mundo, se encuentran según la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) en una categoría amenazada o casi amenazada. Debido a ello, es de suma importancia conocer las causas que determinan estos eventos.
Así mismo, el registro de varamientos corresponde a una fuente oficial que proporciona el estado chileno para una vista general de la problemática que presenta el país y que diversos estudios complementan sus investigaciones con esta base. No obstante, aún se
evidencia la dificultad que requiere la recolección de datos ante estos eventos, estableciendo en muchas categorías, el estado indeterminado de la información o simplemente inexistente.
De acuerdo con lo anterior, surge la siguiente pregunta ¿Existe alguna relación entre las especies que varan y su distribución espacio temporal? El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, realizar un análisis descriptivo de los varamientos de cetáceos de la base de datos del Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura en Chile entre los años 2012 al 2022, además de evaluar si existe una relación entre la distribución y la temporalidad con el que se produjeron, con el propósito de mantener una base actualizada que guíe al fortalecimiento de las posibles causas de varamientos en el país y planes de acción para su conservación. En la ventana temporal establecida, hubo un total de 423 varamientos y 1086 cetáceos afectados que fueron analizados. Donde un 65% correspondió a Odontocetos y el 35% a Misticetos. La especie que presentó un mayor registro ante estas contingencias fue la
Marsopa espinosa (Phocoena spinipinnis), con un total de 88 casos reportados (21%). Desafortunadamente, el 85% de los cetáceos fueron encontrados muertos, mientras que sólo el 14% vivos. La región de Valparaíso registró la mayor cantidad de casos, con un 13%, en contraste con la región de La Araucanía, que representó únicamente el 1%. Por último, hubo un total de 26% de muestras y un 12% de necropsias realizadas en los años del análisis. Las frecuencias de varamientos obtenidas, clasificadas según su distribución de acuerdo
con zonas geográficas en Chile y temporalidad en base a la estación del año en el que se presentaron, fueron sometidas a un análisis estadístico de Chi cuadrado, estableciendo que, bajo las condiciones de este estudio, si hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables (p < 0,05). Por lo tanto, se concluye que los varamientos de cetáceos registrados en Chile están relacionados respecto a su zona geográfica como estación del año en que ocurren, siendo más frecuentes en la zona norte del país y durante verano.The National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA) corresponds to the
government institution of the state of Chile that monitors and records strandings of marine mammals. Specifically, Chile is home to a great diversity of cetaceans, around 46% of the total species that have been described across the world, which play a key role in the ecosystem. However, 37% of cetaceans worldwide are found according to the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in an endangered or nearthreatened category. Due to this, it is of utmost importance to know the causes that determine these events. Likewise, the record of strandings corresponds to an official source provided by the chilean state for a general view of the problems that the country presents and that numerous studies complement their investigations with this basis. However, the difficulty that data collection requires in these events is still evident, establishing in many categories the indeterminate state of the information or simply non-existent. According to the above, the following question arises: Is there any relation between the species that stranded and their spatiotemporal distribution? The objective of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the strandings of cetaceans from the database of the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service in Chile between the years 2012 to 2022. Together with evaluating whether there is a relation between distribution and temporality, with which they occurred, to maintain an updated database that guides the strengthening of the probable causes of strandings in the country and action plans for their conservation. In the established time window, there were a total of 423 strandings and 1,086 affected cetaceans that were analyzed, where 65% corresponded to Odontocetes and 35% to Mysticetes. The species with the highest record of these contingencies was the Burmeister's porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis), with a total of 88 reported cases (21%). Unfortunately, 85% of the cetaceans were found dead, while only 14% were found alive. The Valparaíso region recorded the highest number of cases, with 13%, in contrast to the Araucanía region, which represented only 1%. Finally, there were a total of 26% of samples and 12% of necropsies performed in the years of analysis. The stranding frequencies obtained, classified according to their distribution according to geographic areas in Chile and temporality based on the season of the year in which they occurred, were subjected to a Chi square statistical analysis, establishing that under the conditions of this study, there was a statistically significant relationship between both
variables (p < 0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the cetacean strandings recorded in
Chile are related to their geographic area and the season of the year in which they occur,
being more frequent in the northern part of the country and during summer
Impact of Matrix Gel Variations on Primary Culture of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Function
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Microcirculation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Objective: The endothelium regulates crucial aspects of vascular function, including hemostasis, vasomotor tone, proliferation, immune cell adhesion, and microvascular permeability. Endothelial cells (ECs), especially in arterioles, are pivotal for flow distribution and peripheral resistance regulation. Investigating vascular endothelium physiology, particularly in microvascular ECs, demands precise isolation and culturing techniques. Methods: Freshly isolated ECs are vital for examining protein expression, ion channel behavior, and calcium dynamics. Establishing primary endothelial cell cultures is crucial for unraveling vascular functions and understanding intact microvessel endothelium roles. Despite the significance, detailed protocols and comparisons with intact vessels are scarce in microvascular research. We developed a reproducible method to isolate microvascular ECs, assessing substrate influence by cultivating cells on fibronectin and gelatin matrix gels. This comparative approach enhances our understanding of microvascular endothelial cell biology. Results: Microvascular mesenteric ECs expressed key markers (VE-cadherin and eNOS) in both matrix gels, confirming cell culture purity. Under uncoated conditions, ECs were undetected, whereas proteins linked to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were evident. Examining endothelial cell (EC) physiological dynamics on distinct matrix substrates revealed comparable cell length, shape, and Ca2+ elevations in both male and female ECs on gelatin and fibronectin matrix gels. Gelatin-cultured ECs exhibited analogous membrane potential responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP), contrasting with their fibronectin-cultured counterparts. In the absence of stimulation, fibronectin-cultured ECs displayed a more depolarized resting membrane potential than gelatin-cultured ECs. Conclusions: Gelatin-cultured ECs demonstrated electrical behaviors akin to intact endothelium from mouse mesenteric arteries, thus advancing our understanding of endothelial cell behavior within diverse microenvironments
Effectiveness of the Complementary Therapies Use on Parameters of Social Communication In Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023; Los autores.Introduction: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized mainly by deficits in communication and social interaction, being a barrier for these people when relating to their social and/or family environment. Among the best-known therapies to treat this disorder, conventional therapies stand out (i.e. cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacological therapy) and complementary therapies that are becoming increasingly prevalent among the population. Objective: analyze the effectiveness of complementary therapies in the communication of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methodology: narrative review study, a literature search was carried out based on alternative therapies for ASD: “animal assisted therapy” (TAA) and “music therapy”. The search was carried out in SCOPUS, EBSCO and PUBMED. A total of 228 articles were found, of which 8 studies (n in the 8 studies = 569) met the search criteria. Results: five music therapy studies (n in the 5 studies=481) and three TAA studies (n in the 3 studies = 88) were found. Music therapy and TAA are the most frequently mentioned therapies in the literature, the latter being the one that has reported more and greater benefits from a qualitative perspective, mainly by caregivers of children with ASD. Some of the outstanding behaviors are: the increase in soft skills, improvement in communication and social interaction, and decrease in disruptive behaviors. Conclusion: of the eight studies that were analyzed, five of them reported significant benefits under a clinical qualitative criterion and by the families of the user who was participating in these therapies. Three of the music therapy studies did not show changes in the communication of the users, while one study highlighted the user-therapist relationship as a determining factor in the success or failure of the therapy
Patients recovering from COVID-19 who presented with anosmia during their acute episode have behavioral, functional, and structural brain alterations
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Patients recovering from COVID-19 commonly exhibit cognitive and brain alterations, yet the specific neuropathological mechanisms and risk factors underlying these alterations remain elusive. Given the significant global incidence of COVID-19, identifying factors that can distinguish individuals at risk of developing brain alterations is crucial for prioritizing follow-up care. Here, we report findings from a sample of patients consisting of 73 adults with a mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection without signs of respiratory failure and 27 with infections attributed to other agents and no history of COVID-19. The participants underwent cognitive screening, a decision-making task, and MRI evaluations. We assessed for the presence of anosmia and the requirement for hospitalization. Groups did not differ in age or cognitive performance. Patients who presented with anosmia exhibited more impulsive alternative changes after a shift in probabilities (r = − 0.26, p = 0.001), while patients who required hospitalization showed more perseverative choices (r = 0.25, p = 0.003). Anosmia correlated with brain measures, including decreased functional activity during the decision-making task, thinning of cortical thickness in parietal regions, and loss of white matter integrity. Hence, anosmia could be a factor to be considered when identifying at-risk populations for follow-up
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Blood Pressure Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
No full textAuthentic assessment training for university teachers
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.A training course grounded in the principles of authentic assessment was implemented with 24 academics from two Chilean universities. Through a single-group pre-test/post-test design, the change in the evaluated parameters was analysed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the conducted training. By the end of the course, the assessments were more contextualised, requiring the application of analysis and transfer skills, aligning with the competencies outlined in the graduation profile. Teachers included more open-ended questions focused on knowledge construction and fewer closed-response questions that required memorisation. Additionally, they reduced their beliefs about teaching as transmitting information, and the idea of provoking conceptual change in their students grew. This study shows that training in authentic assessment facilitates a change in the teacher’s beliefs about teaching and assessment, towards teaching focused on conceptual change and assessment for and as learning. It also promotes the transformation of assessment instruments to be more realistic, challenging, and feedback-oriented
Temperature and immune challenges modulate the transcription of genes of the ubiquitin and apoptosis pathways in two high-latitude Notothenioid fish across the Antarctic Polar Front
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.Thermal variations due to global climate change are expected to modify the distributions of marine ectotherms, with potential pathogen translocations. This is of particular concern at high latitudes where cold-adapted stenothermal fish such as the Notothenioids occur. However, little is known about the combined effects of thermal fluctuations and immune challenges on the balance between cell damage and repair processes in these fish. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thermal variation on specific genes involved in the ubiquitination and apoptosis pathways in two congeneric Notothenioid species, subjected to simulated bacterial and viral infections. Adult fish of Harpagifer bispinis and Harpagifer antarcticus were collected from Punta Arenas (Chile) and King George Island (Antarctica), respectively, and distributed as follows: injected with PBS (control), LPS (2.5 mg/kg) or Poly I:C (2 mg/kg) and then submitted to 2, 5 and 8 °C. After 1 week, samples of gills, liver and spleen were taken to evaluate the expression by real-time PCR of specific genes involved in ubiquitination (E3-ligase enzyme) and apoptosis (BAX and SMAC/DIABLO). Gene expression was tissue-dependent and increased with increasing temperature in the gills and liver while showing an opposite pattern in the spleen. Studying a pair of sister species that occur across the Antarctic Polar Front can help us understand the particular pressures of intertidal lifestyles and the effect of temperature in combination with biological stressors on cell damage and repair capacity in a changing environment