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Cetáceos en las costas de Antofagasta : potencialidades ecoturísticas y desarrollo sostenible
Get PDFIngeniería en Gestión de Expediciones y Ecoturismo, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaEl presente informe se desarrolla a partir de la investigación sobre las necesidades y recursos para implementar el ecoturismo de avistamiento de cetáceos y el desarrollo sostenible de este tipo de turismo en las comunas de Antofagasta y Mejillones. Para esto, se realizó una recopilación de información sobre las potencialidades del lugar y las amenazas que se presentan para los cetáceos en la zona. Además, la investigación involucró estrategias de levantamiento de información para su posterior análisis a través de la realización de actividades turísticas y científicas. Para la obtención de datos científicos, se elaboraron dos tipos de muestras en terreno. Por un lado, se realizó una muestra no probabilística de expertos, llevada a cabo mediante entrevistas a personas relacionadas directamente con el tema a tratar, y por otro lado, una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia llevada a cabo mediante encuestas realizadas a personas naturales en el lugar de estudio. La información recopilada, según las características de la misma, fue analizada a través de estrategias cuantitativas y cualitativas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron lograr los objetivos planificados, es decir, se desarrolló un análisis relevante de los recursos, amenazas y necesidades para la conservación de cetáceos en Mejillones y Antofagasta, el cual permitió elaborar lineamientos para el desarrollo de actividades turísticas sustentables de avistamiento de estos mamíferos en el sector. Además, a partir del trabajo de campo fue posible identificar las actividades humanas que afectan la conservación de cetáceos en la zona, reconociendo como actividades críticas la explotación de costas y superficies marinas, junto con la presencia de embarcaciones marinas. La investigación desarrollada demuestra las potencialidades que tienen las comunas de Antofagasta y Mejillones en el turismo en avistamiento de cetáceos y la importancia de generar un desarrollo sostenible en torno a esta actividad, lo que, además de facilitar la conservación de estas especies, permitirá el fortalecimiento de la economía local de la zona.This report is based on research on the needs and resources for implementing whale watching ecotourism and the sustainable development of this type of tourism in the municipalities of Antofagasta and Mejillones. To this end, information was gathered on the potential of the area and the threats to cetaceans in the area. In addition, the research involved information gathering strategies for subsequent analysis through tourism and scientific activities. In order to obtain scientific data, two types of samples were taken in the field. On the one hand, a non-probabilistic sample of experts was carried out through interviews with people directly related to the subject to be treated, and on the other hand, a non-probabilistic sample by convenience carried out through surveys of natural persons at the study site.The information collected, according to its characteristics, was analyzed through quantitative and qualitative strategies. The results obtained made it possible to achieve the planned objectives, a relevant analysis of the resources, threats and needs for cetacean conservation in Mejillones and Antofagasta was developed, which made it possible to elaborate guidelines for the development of sustainable tourism activities for whale watching in the sector. In addition, from the field work it was possible to identify the human activities that affect the conservation of cetaceans in the area, recognizing as critical activities the exploitation of coasts and marine surfaces, together with the presence of marine vessels. This research demonstrates the potential of the communes of Antofagasta and Mejillones for whale watching tourism and the importance of generating sustainable development around this activity, which, in addition to facilitating the conservation of these species, will strengthen the local economy in the are
State capacity for green growth : Analyzing industrial policy in the Latin American lithium triangle
No full textThis research aims to explain the various policy failures observed in lithium policies across Latin America, demonstrating how the industrial development of mining activities ultimately depends on existing state capacities. The research conducts a detailed analysis of lithium policy in Chile, with Argentina and Bolivia serving as comparative cases, thereby increasing the validity of the results. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology that includes 31 interviews with key actors, a systematic review of the press, analysis of government documents, and non-participant observation of lithium forums. The findings highlight how different deficits in state capacity have varying impacts on the types of policy failures present in lithium policies. The analysis proposes various types of state capacity deficits and their link to policy failures, advancing the discussion of green industrial policies from a peripheral perspective
Bioethical Considerations in the Management of Amyotrophic Lateral SlerosisAn Approach to Speech Therapy
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024. Fundación Universitaria María Cano.Introduction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of degenerative motor neuron disease in adulthood and is considered a terminal disease. For this reason, the actions of the speech therapist must consider respect for basic bioethical principles to guarantee adequate assistance. Objective. To know those bioethical considerations related to the management and study of people with ALS to then provide an approach to speech therapy. Methodology. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Articles published from 2000 to June 2023 were filtered and those that addressed a bioethical component in the population with ALS were selected. Results. Aspects related to the use of informed consent and shared decision-making stood out as essential elements to support people’s autonomy. Conclusion. Proper communication and shared decision-making are key to respecting people’s autonomy. In turn, the standardization of procedures through clinical research will contribute to compliance with the bioethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, essential for professional practice
Priority setting in times of crises : an analysis of priority setting for the COVID-19 response in the Western Pacific Region
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Background: While priority setting is recognized as critical for promoting accountability and transparency in health system planning, its role in supporting rational, equitable and fair pandemic planning and responses is less well understood. This study aims to describe how priority setting was used to support planning in the initial stage of the pandemic response in a subset of countries in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). Methods: We purposively sampled a subset of countries from WPR and undertook a critical document review of the initial national COVID-19 pandemic response plans. A pre-specified tool guided data extraction and the analysis examined the use of quality parameters of priority setting, and equity considerations. Results: Nine plans were included in this analysis, from the following countries: Papua New Guinea, Tonga, The Philippines, Fiji, China, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Taiwan. Most commonly the plans described strong political will to respond swiftly, resource needs, stakeholder engagement, and defined the roles of institutions that guided COVID-19 response decision-making. The initial plans did not reflect strong evidence of public engagement or considerations of equity informing the early responses to the pandemic. Conclusion: This study advances an understanding of how priority setting and equity considerations were integrated to support the development of the initial COVID-19 responses in nine countries in WPR and contributes to the literature on health system planning during emergencies. This baseline assessment reveals evidence of the common priority setting parameters that were deployed in the initial responses, the prioritized resources and equity considerations and reinforces the importance of strengthening health system capacity for priority setting to support future pandemic preparedness
Connexin channels and hemichannels are modulated differently by charge reversal at residues forming the intracellular pocket
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Members of the β-subfamily of connexins contain an intracellular pocket surrounded by amino acid residues from the four transmembrane helices. The presence of this pocket has not previously been investigated in members of the α-, γ-, δ-, and ε-subfamilies. We studied connexin50 (Cx50) as a representative of the α-subfamily, because its structure has been determined and mutations of Cx50 are among the most common genetic causes of congenital cataracts. Methods: To investigate the presence and function of the intracellular pocket in Cx50 we used molecular dynamics simulation, site-directed mutagenesis, gap junction tracer intercellular transfer, and hemichannel activity detected by electrophysiology and by permeation of charged molecules. Results: Employing molecular dynamics, we determined the presence of the intracellular pocket in Cx50 hemichannels and identified the amino acids participating in its formation. We utilized site-directed mutagenesis to alter a salt-bridge interaction that supports the intracellular pocket and occurs between two residues highly conserved in the connexin family, R33 and E162. Substitution of opposite charges at either position decreased formation of gap junctional plaques and cell–cell communication and modestly reduced hemichannel currents. Simultaneous charge reversal at these positions produced plaque-forming non-functional gap junction channels with highly active hemichannels. Conclusions: These results show that interactions within the intracellular pocket influence both gap junction channel and hemichannel functions. Disruption of these interactions may be responsible for diseases associated with mutations at these positions
PROPRIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DE LA ESCALA DE DERROTA SOCIAL EN POBLACIÓN COLOMBIANA
Get PDFPublisher Copyright: © 2024 ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao. All rights reserved.Theoretical Framework: Social defeat is the feeling of breaking a status or goals, due to loss or difficulty in reaching resources, humiliation or social attack, self-criticism, unfavorable social comparison and unrealistic expectations, related to psychopathology and suicidality. Objective and Method: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Social Defeat Scale in 412 Colombian adults. To explore the discriminant validity, the Social Well-being Scale was used, and to explore the convergent validity, the Okasha Suicidality Scale was used. Results and Discussion: The exploratory factor analysis showed a two-dimensional structure, both factors presented good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis found good fit indicators for the unifactorial model. Convergent validity was found with suicidality and discriminant validity with social welfare. The Colombian version of the Social Defeat Scale is valid for evaluating social defeat, a relevant concept in Colombia given the high rates of social disadvantage and mental health problems in its population. Implications: Having an instrument that evaluates social defeat adapted to the Colombian context contributes to detecting mediating variables between the complex social scenario of the country and mental health, to the development of preventive and intervention strategies based on evidence, considering psychosocial aspects poorly integrated into current public health policies. Originality/Value: Currently, the scale only exists in an English version, in Brazilian Portuguese and in Spanish, validated in the Chilean population
Alternative processes to produce chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier LtdSustainable recovery of chitin and its derivatives from shellfish waste will be achieved when the industrial production of these polymers is achieved with a high control of their molecular structure, low costs, and acceptable levels of pollution. Therefore, the conventional chemical method for obtaining these biopolymers needs to be replaced or optimized. The goal of the present review is to ascertain what alternative methods are viable for the industrial-scale production of chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Therefore, a detailed review of recent literature was undertaken, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis of the existing data allows suggesting that combining conventional, biological, and alternative methods is the most efficient strategy to achieve sustainable production, preventing negative impacts and allowing for the recovery of high added-value compounds from shellfish waste. In conclusion, a new process for obtaining chitinous materials is suggested, with the potential of reducing the consumption of reagents, energy, and water by at least 1/10, 1/4, and 1/3 part with respect to the conventional process, respectively
Revisiting signatures of thermal axions in nonstandard cosmologies
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAPWe revisit the formation of a thermal population of hadronic axions in nonstandard cosmologies, in light of the recent developments in obtaining continuous and smooth interaction rates for both the gluon and photon couplings. For certain cosmological histories, such as low-temperature reheating (LTR) and kinationlike scenarios, the thermalization of the axion can be severely delayed to higher masses. In the case that thermal equilibrium is achieved, we improve the constraints on LTR for axion masses around the eV scale with respect to previous works and we constrain for the first time early matter-dominated cosmologies. We also point out the possibility of having the coexistence of cold and warm dark matter populations of axions in kinationlike scenarios in the eV mass range
Chemokinergic and Dopaminergic Signalling Collaborates through the Heteromer Formed by CCR9 and Dopamine Receptor D5 Increasing the Migratory Speed of Effector CD4+ T-Cells to Infiltrate the Colonic Mucosa
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) involve chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, where effector CD4+ T-cells play a central role. Thereby, the recruitment of T-cells into the colonic mucosa represents a key process in IBD. We recently found that CCR9 and DRD5 might form a heteromeric complex on the T-cell surface. The increase in CCL25 production and the reduction in dopamine levels associated with colonic inflammation represent a dual signal stimulating the CCR9:DRD5 heteromer, which promotes the recruitment of CD4+ T-cells into the colonic lamina propria. Here, we aimed to analyse the molecular requirements involved in the heteromer assembly as well as to determine the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in the colonic tropism given by the stimulation of the CCR9:DRD5 complex. The results show that dual stimulation of the CCR9:DRD5 heteromer potentiates the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) and the migration speed in confined microchannels. Accordingly, disrupting the CCR9:DRD5 assembly induced a sharp reduction in the pMLC2 in vitro, decreased the migratory speed in confined microchannels, and dampened the recruitment of CD4+ T-cells into the inflamed colonic mucosa. Furthermore, in silico analysis confirmed that the interface of interaction of CCR9:DRD5 is formed by the transmembrane segments 5 and 6 from each protomer. Our findings demonstrated that the CCR9:DRD5 heteromeric complex plays a fundamental role in the migration of CD4+ T-cells into the colonic mucosa upon inflammation. Thereby, the present study encourages the design of strategies for disassembling the formation of the CCR9:DRD5 as a therapeutic opportunity to treat IBD
Diseño de una propuesta de mejora para la gestión del área de operaciones de Gama Clima SPA
Get PDFEl presente proyecto de propuesta de mejora contempla abordar a la empresa
Gama Clima, PYME del rubro de los servicios a equipos de climatización que se
dedica al área de los servicios de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo, así
como también a servicios del área de montajes e ingeniería. Gama Clima se inició
como empresa en el año 2017 parte de su historia se aborda en el capítulo 3 del
presente proyecto.
Gama Clima es una empresa que cuenta con una estructura organizacional
definida en cuatro áreas principales, gerencia general, gerencia de operaciones,
gerencia comercial y gerencia de administración y finanzas. Para realizar el
análisis se centrarán los esfuerzos en el área de operaciones desde la gerencia
de operaciones hasta el personal de servicio técnico que atiende a los clientes
de Gama Clima.
El análisis para la propuesta se dividirá en cinco capítulos, de los cuales los
primeros dos se centran en la introducción a la propuesta, el análisis del
problema, planteamiento de los objetivos especifico y general, se mencionarán
los alcances y herramientas a utilizar a lo largo del desarrollo de la propuesta.
Luego en el capítulo tres se realiza el análisis de la situación actual de Gama
Clima, donde se describe la empresa y se comenta parte de su historia. En base
a la descripción de sus servicios y como opera la orgánica de la empresa, se
identifican los problemas los cuales son abordados mediante las herramientas
de análisis consideradas en este caso diagrama Ishikawa y matriz de criticidad.
Para el capítulo cuatro ya se tendrá la claridad de la causa raíz de los problemas
y su criticidad, por lo tanto, se propondrán las mejoras con relación a las
problemáticas detectadas mediante herramientas que aporten valor a Gama
Clima y entreguen los resultados esperados por parte de la gerencia, además la
propuesta considera proponer las mediciones necesarias para el correcto
seguimiento a las mejoras y que estén entreguen los resultados esperados. Ya para finalizar la propuesta en el capítulo cinco se realizará el análisis costobeneficio mediante el cual se evaluará el beneficio obtenido por Gama Clima al
aplicar las mejoras recomendadas en presente proyecto, lo cual se traducirá en
un aumento de los ingresos reduciendo directamente las perdidas por garantías
y reparaciones de daños a los clientes.
Con esto, se espera que, Gama Clima evalúe la posibilidad de implementar esta
propuesta en el mediano corto plazo, la cual considera la exigencia del mercado
y por tanto como invertir en esta mejora afectara positivamente los flujos futuros
del área de operaciones.This improvement proposal project contemplates addressing the company Gama
Clima, an PYME in the field of air conditioning equipment services that is
dedicated to the área of preventive and corrective maintenance services, as well
as services in the assembly and engineering area. Gama Clima started un 2017,
parto f its history in addressed in chapeter three of this project.
Gama Clima is a company that has an organizational structure defined in four
main areas, general management, operations managment, commercial
managment and administration & finance managment. To carry out the analysis,
efforts will be focused on the operations area, from operations managment to the
technical service personnel who serve Gama Clima customers.
The analysis for the proposal will be divide into five chapeters, of which the first
two focus on the introduction to the proposal, the analysis of the problem,
statement of the specific and general objetives, the scoupe and tolos to be used
throughout Will be mentioned of the development of the proposal.
Then, in the chapeter three, the analysis of the current situation of Gama Clima
is carried out, where the company is described and part of its history is discussed.
Base don the description of its sevices and how the company´s organization
operates, the problems are identified and addressed using the analysis tolos
considered in thiscasem the Ishikawa diagram and the criticality matrix.
By chapeter four, the root of the problems and their criticality will be clear, therefor,
improvements will be proposed in relation to the problems detected using tolos
that add value to Gama Clima and deliver the expected results from Management,
in addition, the proposal considers proposing the necessary measurements for
the correct monitoring of improvements and that they deliver the expected
results.
To finalize the proposal in chapeter five, the cost-benefit analysis will be carried
out through which the benefit obtained by Gama Clima will be evaluated by aplplying the improvements recommended in this project, which will translate into
an increase in income, directly reducing the losses due to guarantees and repair
of damages to customers.
Whit this, it is expected that Gama Clima will evaluate the possibility of
implementing this proposal in the medium short therm, which considers the
demands of the market and therefore how investing in this impropvement will
positively affect future flows in the area operations