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Adapted Taekwondo Improves Postural Balance and Health-Related Quality of Life Concerning Multicomponent Training and Walking Exercise in Older Females : A Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD and Aging Project)
Get PDFPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo (TKD) program, multicomponent training (MCT), walking exercise (WE), and inactive control group (CG) on blood pressure, morphological variables, frequency of food consumption, cognitive status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness tests, and postural balance in independent older females. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with the following groups: TKD (n = 13), MCT (n = 12), WE (n = 12), and CG (n = 14), considering three/weekly 60-min/sessions for 16-weeks. A two-factor mixed analysis of the variance model with repeated measures was performed. Results: TKD improved significantly more in phonetic fluency (p = 0.021; ES = 1.89) than WE and in general health (p = 0.033; ES = 1.11) than CG. Both TKD and MCT improved significantly more than CG in the 30 s chair stand, arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, timed up-and-go, maximal isometric handgrip strength, and postural balance for the eyes closed condition in the area and anteroposterior velocity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Only TKD improved the area (p = 0.008; ES = 1.00) and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.019; ES = 0.79) for the eyes open condition, and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.021; ES = 1.57) for the eyes closed condition. Blood pressure, morphological variables, and food consumption frequency showed no significant intragroup or intergroup interactions. TKD equivalently improved HRQoL and physical fitness to MCT, with better postural balance in older females
Surface-enhanced Raman sensor with molecularly imprinted nanoparticles as highly sensitive recognition material for cancer marker amino acids
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique primarily due to its high sensitivity and signal-enhancing properties, which enable the identification of unique vibrational fingerprints. These fingerprints can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as cancer. It is crucial to selectively identify cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis. A correlation has been established between the reduction in the concentration of specific amino acids and the stage of the disease, particularly tryptophan (TPP) and tyrosine (TRS) in individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. In this work, we present a strategy to analyze TPP and TRS amino acids using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs), which selectively detect target molecules in a SERS sensor. NanoMIPs are synthesized using the solid-phase molecular imprinting method with TPP and TRS as templates. These are then immobilized on a SERS substrate with gold nanoparticles to measure samples prepared from tryptophan and tyrosine in phosphate-buffered saline. The detection and quantification limits of the designed sensor are 7.13 μM and 23.75 μM for TPP, and 22.11 μM and 73.72 μM for TRS, respectively. Our study lays the groundwork for future investigations utilizing nanoMIPs in SERS assessments of TPP and TRS as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer detection
La legalidad de los caminos en Chile, 1842-1969: Un panorama histórico
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by author(s).Currently, no academic work examines the history of the legality of roads in Chile during its independent existence as a sovereign country. Addressing this gap in the literature, this paper focuses specially on the period from 1842 to 1969, when different actors articulated a set of guiding ideas about the duties of the state and the legal powers of the administrative authority in terms of planning, construction and management of road infrastructure that would allow connectivity between population centers and across regions, according to the ideas and resources available at their historical time. This historical overview of Chilean “road law” is done in the light of insights and questions of contemporary intellectual history and institutional history. In this regard, it is argued that the evolution of road infrastructure norms and institutions during the period under study can be divided into three historical regimes, based on their fundamental legislative milestones, guiding ideas, institutional settings, and strategies of state action: from 1842 to 1887, a period of a decentralized “minimal road state” with precarious roads characterized by both material and juridical uncertainty; from 1887 to 1920, the emergence of a “proto-developmentalist road state” intent on strengthening its grip on the nationwide road infrastructure; and from 1920 to 1969, a period of a “techno-developmentalist road state” that created a nationwide paved road network for the new technology of mobile vehicles
The interplay between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 regulates food intake and feeding behaviour
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023 Cambridge Philosophical Society.Nutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of energy balance. Among the several neuroendocrine systems involved, the leptin, glucocorticoid, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) systems have been extensively researched. Leptin is at the top hierarchical level since its complete absence is sufficient to trigger severe hyperphagia. Glucocorticoids are key regulators of the energy balance adaptation to stress and their sustained excess leads to excessive adiposity and metabolic perturbations. GLP1 participates in metabolic adaptation to food intake, regulating insulin secretion and satiety by parallel central and peripheral signalling systems. Herein, we review the brain and peripheral targets of these three hormone systems that integrate to regulate food intake, feeding behaviour, and metabolic homeostasis. We examine the functional relationships between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 at the central and peripheral levels, including the crossregulation of their circulating levels and their cooperative or antagonistic actions at different brain centres. The pathophysiological roles of these neuroendocrine systems in dysregulated intake are explored in the two extremes of body adiposity – obesity and lipodystrophy – and eating behaviour disorders
Postura vertical y desgarros perineales en partos humanizados
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, Instituto Materno Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira. All rights reserved.Objectives: to determine the association between vertical childbirth posture and grade II or higher perineal tears in women attended under a humanized model. Methods: 715 clinical records of humanized deliveries attended between 2016 and 2022 in Viña del Mar, Chile, were studied using bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: 64.1% of the women presented perineal lesions, mainly low grade (51.2%). Second degree tears or more represented 12.2% (mostly grade II), with very few grade III tears (0.7%) and zero grade IV tears. Vertical postures, compared to horizontal ones, were significantly associated with the presence of grade II tears or more (p=0.02), even after adjusting for maternal and neonatal variables (OR=2.31, CI95%=1.11-4.81). Of the latter, parity and size of the newborn were the factors most associated with this type of injury. Conclusion: humanized childbirths in general present less frequency and severity of perineal injuries than what is reported in traditional care; however, upright postures, compared to horizontal ones, were significantly associated with the presence of grade II or higher tears
Magnetic field dependence of the neutral pion longitudinal screening mass in the linear sigma model with quarks
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.We use the linear sigma model with quarks to study the magnetic-field-induced modifications on the longitudinal screening mass for the neutral pion at one-loop level. The effects of the magnetic field are introduced into the self-energy, which contains the contributions from all the model particles. We find that, to obtain a reasonable description for the behavior with the field strength, we need to account for the magnetic field dependence of the particle masses. We also find that the couplings need to decrease fast enough with the field strength to then reach constant and smaller values as compared to their vacuum ones. The results illustrate the need to treat the magnetic corrections to the particle masses and couplings in a self-consistent manner, accounting for the backreaction of the field effects for the magnetic field dependence of the rest of the particle species and couplings in the model
Analyses and Insights into Genetic Reassortment and Natural Selection as Key Drivers of Piscine orthoreovirus Evolution
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a pathogen that causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Salmo salar and has also been linked to circulatory disorders in other farmed salmonids, such as Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus mykiss. The virus has a segmented, double-stranded RNA genome, which makes it possible to undergo genetic reassortment and increase its genomic diversity through point mutations. In this study, genetic reassortment in PRV was assessed using the full genome sequences available in public databases. This study used full genome sequences that were concatenated and genome-wide reassortment events, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the recombination/reassortment detection program version 5 (RDP5 V 5.5) software. Additionally, each segment was aligned codon by codon, and overall mean distance and selection was tested using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X software, version 10.2 (MEGA X version 10.2). The results showed that there were 17 significant reassortment events in 12 reassortant sequences, involving genome exchange between low and highly virulent genotypes. PRV sequences from different salmonid host species did not appear to limit the reassortment. This study found that PRV frequently undergoes reassortment events to increase the diversity of its segmented genome, leading to antigenic variation and increased virulence. This study also noted that to date, no reassortment events have been described between PRV-1 and PRV-3 genotypes. However, the number of complete genomic sequences within each genotype is uneven. This is important because PRV-3 induces cross-protection against PRV-1, making it a potential vaccine candidate
Paisaje en el desierto de la costa norperuana: desafíos y el caso de estudio de la ciudad de Piura : Landscape in the desert of northern coastal peru: challenges and the case study of the city of Piura
Get PDFLa urbanización ha impulsado el desarrollo económico y mejorado la calidad de vida, pero también ha generado problemas ambientales como la contaminación y una gestión inadecuada del agua. Este artículo explora el paisaje del desierto costero norperuano y los desafíos hídricos que enfrenta, especialmente en Piura, una de las regiones más afectadas por la escasez de agua. Con el objetivo de proponer soluciones para una gestión integrada y sostenible del agua, este trabajo, basado en investigaciones realizadas con alumnos de arquitectura de la Universidad de Piura, analiza la implementación de conceptos como Infraestructura Ecológica (IE), Diseño Urbano Sensible al Agua (DUSA) y Soluciones Basadas en la Naturaleza (SBN) en los espacios públicos de la ciudad. Estas estrategias buscan superar los riesgos hídricos recurrentes, maximizar el uso eficiente del agua y mejorar la gestión de aguas residuales, de lluvia y subterráneas, contribuyendo a la salud y el bienestar humano. Una propuesta hidro-sensible puede ser clave para transformar la ciudad en un espacio sostenible y resiliente
Augmenting the Stability of Automatic Voltage Regulators through Sophisticated Fractional-Order Controllers
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.The transition from traditional to renewable energy sources is a critical issue in current energy-generation systems, which aims to address climate change and the increased demand for energy. This shift, however, imposes additional burdens on control systems to maintain power system stability and quality within predefined limits. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative Modified Hybrid Fractional-Order (MHFO) automatic voltage regulator (AVR) equipped with a fractional-order tilt integral and proportional derivative with a filter plus a second-order derivative with a filter FOTI-PDND2N2 controller. This advanced controller combines the benefits of a (FOTI) controller, known for enhancing dynamic performance and steady-state response, with a (PDND2N2) controller to improve system robustness and adaptability. The proposed MHFO controller stands out with its nine tunable parameters, providing more extensive control options than the conventional three-parameter PID controller and the five-parameter FOPID controller. Furthermore, a recent optimization approach using a growth optimizer (GO) has been formulated and applied to optimally adjust the MHFO controller’s parameters simultaneously. The performance of the proposed AVR based on the MHFO-GO controller is scrutinized by contrasting it with various established and developed optimization algorithms. The comparative study shows that the AVR based on the MHFO-GO controller surpasses other AVR controllers from the stability, robustness, and dynamic response speed points of view
Scalar probes on wormholes in Lovelock theories with unique vacuum
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.In this paper we construct new wormhole solutions of Lovelock theories in vacuum, when the coupling constants are such that all the maximally symmetric solutions coincide, extending to arbitrary dimensions wormhole solutions previously known in the Chern-Simons case. Like the latter, the wormholes are characterized by an integration constant ρ0 that controls the contribution to the energy content from one of the boundaries. Then, we study the effects of the constant ρ0 on the spectrum of a massive, (non)minimally coupled scalar probes, with Dirichlet boundary conditions at both asymptotic regions. As a result, a deformed Breitenlohner-Freedman bound emerges, which is sensitive to the value of ρ0. The scalar spectra are numerically obtained in detail in dimension five, and in such dimension we also present a new family of wormhole geometries for the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory with a unique vacuum. The new geometries are constructed via a double analytic continuation of a wormhole previously reported in the literature, but now the constant ρ0 appears in the centrifugal terms of the equations for the geodesic and scalar probes. The mass of these configurations vanishes nontrivially, since the contributions to the mass integral from each boundary are nonvanishing, but only differ in sign, providing a new example of a spacetime having "mass without mass.