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Identificación de bovinos persistentemente infectados por el virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina - Revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFEl virus de la diarrea viral bovina (BVDV) se informó por primera vez en
1946, pertenece al género pestivirus de la familia flaviviridae. Es de tipo ARN
conocido por su capacidad de afectar diversos sistemas del organismo bovino, además, puede ser transmitido en otras especies animales tanto domesticas como silvestres. El objetivo general de este estudio es identificar bovinos persistentemente infectado por el BVDV mediante revisión bibliográfica en la cual se seleccionaron 50 estudios que incluyen métodos de diagnóstico como ELISA RT-PCR, inmunohistoquimica (IHC) y aislamiento viral. Se destaca que los métodos más utilizados en los estudios seleccionados son ELISA (58% de los estudios) y RTPCR (54%). También se analizaron las principales fuentes de infección y la situación Actual en Chile, donde no existe un programa de control y erradicación
para BVDV. Aunque existen diversos métodos para diagnosticar y controlar la infección se resalta la necesidad de implementar estrategias de prevención y control más efectivas para reducir la prevalencia de la enfermedad tanto a nivel mundial como en Chile.Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was first reported in 1946 and belongs to the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family. It is an RNA virus known for its ability to affect various bovine organism systems,and can also be transmitted to other domestic and wild animal species.
The general objective of this study is to identify bovines persistently infected by BVDV through a bibliographic review in which 50 studies were selected that include diagnostic methods such as ELISA RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and viral isolation. It is highlighted that the most commonly used methods in the selected studies are ELISA (58% of the studies) and RT-PCR (54%). The main sources of infection and the current situation in Chile were also analyzed, where there is no control and eradication program for BVDV. Although there are various methods to diagnose and control the infection, the need to implement more effective prevention and control strategies to reduce the prevalence of the disease both worldwide and in Chile is highlighted
Caracterización de la violencia sexual como manifestación de violencia de género: una revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFIntroducción: La violencia sexual es una manifestación de violencia de género
que afecta a la población femenina a nivel mundial, resultando/definiéndose como todo acto o tentativa de utilizar la sexualidad de una persona mediante la coacción. Objetivo general: Analizar las características de la violencia sexual
hacia la mujer en un contexto mundial, a través de la literatura científica publicada entre los años 2019-2024. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica en las
bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science (WOS), con las siguientes
combinaciones: 1. ((“Violencia de género” OR “Violencia contra la mujer”) AND
(“Violencia sexual contra la mujer” OR “Violencia sexual”)), 2. ((“Gender violence”
OR “Violence against women”) AND (“Sexual violence against women” OR
“Sexual violence”)), 3. ((“Violência de gênero” OR “Violência contra mulheres”)
AND (“Violência sexual contra mulheres” OR “Violência sexual”)). Resultados:
Se seleccionaron 24 artículos, los cuales fueron analizados bajo 3 categorías: prevalencia de violencia sexual: los continentes con cifras más altas son África
y Asia, contexto de violencia sexual: las manifestaciones más comunes fueron
la cultura del silencio, conflictos armados, trabajadoras sexuales, abusos de
sustancia, abuso sexual conyugal y consecuencias de violencia sexual, con
implicaciones tanto físicas, psicológicas y reproductivas. Conclusión: Las principales características de violencia sexual en el mundo se relaciona con
diferentes factores culturales, socioeconómicos y políticos, siendo las poblaciones en conflictos armados y refugiados las más vulnerables a sufrir
violencia sexual.Introduction: Sexual violence is a manifestation of gender-based violence that affects the female population worldwide, defined as any act or attempt to use a person's sexuality through coercion. General Objective: To analyze the characteristics that influence sexual violence against women in a global context, through scientific literature published between 2019 and 2024. Methodology: A scoping review with selected articles from the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases, using the following combinations: 1. ((“Violencia de género” OR “Violencia contra la mujer”) AND (“Violencia sexual contra la mujer” OR “Violencia sexual”)), 2. ((“Gender violence” OR “Violence against women”) AND (“Sexual violence against women” OR “Sexual violence”)), 3. ((“Violência de gênero” OR “Violência contra mulheres”) AND (“Violência sexual contra mulheres” OR “Violência sexual”)). Results: A total of 24 articles were selected, which were analyzed under the following categories: prevalence of sexual
violence, where the continents with the highest figures are Africa and Asia; context of sexual violence, in which the most common manifestations were the culture of silence, armed conflicts, sex workers, substance abuse, marital sexual abuse, and consequences of sexual violence, with implications that are physical, psychological, and reproductive. Conclusion: The main characteristics of sexual violence globally are related to various cultural, socioeconomic, and political factors, with populations in armed conflict and refugees being the most vulnerable to experiencing sexual violence
Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ): Rationale and Study Design of the Largest Global Prospective Cohort Study of Clinical High Risk for Psychosis : Rationale and Study Design of the Largest Global Prospective Cohort Study of Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.This article describes the rationale, aims, and methodology of the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ). This is the largest international collaboration to date that will develop algorithms to predict trajectories and outcomes of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and to advance the development and use of novel pharmacological interventions for CHR individuals. We present a description of the participating research networks and the data processing analysis and coordination center, their processes for data harmonization across 43 sites from 13 participating countries (recruitment across North America, Australia, Europe, Asia, and South America), data flow and quality assessment processes, data analyses, and the transfer of data to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive (NDA) for use by the research community. In an expected sample of approximately 2000 CHR individuals and 640 matched healthy controls, AMP SCZ will collect clinical, environmental, and cognitive data along with multimodal biomarkers, including neuroimaging, electrophysiology, fluid biospecimens, speech and facial expression samples, novel measures derived from digital health technologies including smartphone-based daily surveys, and passive sensing as well as actigraphy. The study will investigate a range of clinical outcomes over a 2-year period, including transition to psychosis, remission or persistence of CHR status, attenuated positive symptoms, persistent negative symptoms, mood and anxiety symptoms, and psychosocial functioning. The global reach of AMP SCZ and its harmonized innovative methods promise to catalyze the development of new treatments to address critical unmet clinical and public health needs in CHR individuals
Galectinas en la transición epitelio-mesénquima: roles y mecanismos que contribuyen a la reparación de tejidos, fibrosis y metástasis del cáncer
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts.Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts
Efectos del uso de pesticidas en la fauna silvestre sudamericana : revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFLos artrópodos son animales que han poblado la tierra mucho antes que los seres humanos, poseedores de una riqueza biológica multidimensional y que establecen una gran variedad de interacciones bióticas. Pese a esto, un pequeño porcentaje de artrópodos, bajo ciertas condiciones como el cambio en su comportamiento, disminución de los depredadores naturales y la adaptación a los cultivos, terminaron siendo considerados plaga. Por ello, a lo largo de los años para el control de estas plagas se han creado una variedad de productos denominados pesticidas. Sin embargo, el mal uso de estos pesticidas ha causado daños al medio ambiente, como el deterioro de la vida silvestre, la contaminación del suelo y la calidad del agua, entre otros. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta revisión bibliográfica fue describir el impacto del uso de pesticidas en la fauna silvestre de países sudamericanos. La información que se empleó para esta revisión bibliográfica se obtuvo a través de artículos científicos e información proveniente de documentos oficiales. Se utilizaron buscadores online como Google Scholar, y bases de datos como Pubmed, Proquest y EBSCO, Scielo y Science Direct. Se consideró además material escrito en español e inglés publicado entre los años 2000 y 2023, utilizando palabras clave como; Agroquímicos, Especies silvestres, Bioacumulación, Mortalidad. Se obtuvo un total de 124 reportes, de los cuales se puede concluir que los vertebrados representan el mayor porcentaje de los animales afectados (87%) y dentro de estos, el grupo taxonómico más susceptible por el uso de pesticidas pertenecen a la Clase Actinopterygii con un total de 131 especies. Brasil fue el país con más reportes (n=54) por efectos generados por pesticidas y agroquímicos en animales, seguido de Argentina (n=46), mientras que otros países presentan poca información sobre los efectos de estos agroquímicos, pesticidas y herbicidas, como es el caso de Chile. De los productos químicos, los más empleados son los insecticidas (49%), cuyos principales efectos son bioacumulación y genotoxicidad. De estos productos, el más usado en Sudamérica sigue siendo el glifosato, a pesar de que es uno de los herbicidas que ha sido prohibido en muchos países y que es responsable del desarrollo de algunos tipos de cáncer en humanos. No fue posible establecer porcentajes de mortalidad por químico con los reportes encontrados. Es necesario seguir de cerca los efectos generados en los diferentes grupos taxonómicos de animales, ya que esto es una amenaza a la biodiversidad.Arthropods are animals that have populated the earth long before humans, possessing a multidimensional biological richness and establishing a great variety of biotic interactions. Despite this, a small percentage of arthropods, under certain conditions such as a change in their behavior, decrease in natural predators and adaptation to crops, ended up being considered pests. Therefore, over the years, a variety of products called pesticides have been created to control these pests. However, the misuse of these pesticides has caused damage to the environment, such as the deterioration of wildlife, soil contamination and water quality, among others. Therefore, the main objective of this literature review was to describe the impact of pesticide use on wildlife in South American countries. The information used for this literature review was obtained through scientific articles and information from official documents. Online search engines such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Proquest, EBSCO, Scielo and Science Direct were used. We also considered written material in Spanish and English published between 2000 and 2023, using keywords such as Agrochemicals, Wild species, Bioaccumulation, Mortality. A total of 124 reports were obtained, from which it can be concluded that vertebrates represent the highest percentage of affected animals (87%) and within these, the most susceptible taxonomic group by the use of pesticides belong to the Class Actinopterygii with a total of 131 species. Brazil was the country with the most reports (n=54) on the effects generated by pesticides and agrochemicals on animals, followed by Argentina (n=46), while other countries have little information on the effects of these agrochemicals, pesticides and herbicides, as is the case of Chile. Of the chemical products, the most used are insecticides (49%), whose main effects are bioaccumulation and genotoxicity. Of these products, the most widely used in South America continues to be glyphosate, even though it is one of the herbicides that has been banned in many countries and is responsible for the development of some types of cancer in humans. It was not possible to establish mortality percentages by chemical with the reports found. It is necessary to closely follow the effects generated in the different taxonomic groups of animals since this is a threat to biodiversity
How important is the scientific knowledge gap between leading research and producing countries of lithium?
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsAbstract: The strong increase in global demand for lithium, driven by the ion battery market and the use of this non-metallic mineral in various economic sectors such as mining (as a non-metallic and non-renewable mineral), health, technology, and geopolitical issues, has fueled the development of disruptive innovation, with new products linked to knowledge creation. These developments have included, among other things, the use of new processing techniques, the creation of new high-capacity cathode materials, the investigation of new sources of lithium, and increased recycling of lithium-ion batteries. This article's primary goal is to assess how this knowledge gap is related with innovation issues using the analysis of the scholar as a case study. Additionally, the examination of public policy related to the lithium business will be continued and updated in this publication. This study uses computerized bibliometric analysis based on the R program and Biblioshiny, a web interface for Bibliometrix analysis. One of the earliest studies to examine the discrepancy between lithium production and consumption based on innovation is this one. The research's contribution is to highlight the disparities and gaps in knowledge generation between producer and consumer countries, which creates a great opportunity to develop better public policies that use existing knowledge and promote collaborations between mining and technology companies for the development of a more sustainable, efficient, effective and competitive industry with future societies
The impact of COVID-19 on deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Chile : an analysis of panel data for 16 regions, 2017–2022
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsBackground: Although several studies have documented the detrimental impacts of global COVID-19 containment measures on individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, a comprehensive analysis of mortality rates for these conditions within the Chilean population is notably lacking. This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on mortality rates among individuals with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Chile. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted, considering mortality data for specific mental health conditions during the pre-pandemic and pandemic contexts of COVID-19 in Chile. Quantile regression techniques were employed to analyze the existence of differences between the two periods, while non-observable heterogeneity models for panel data methods were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 mortality on crude mortality rates. Findings: Statistically significant differences were observed in the number of deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's disease between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic periods. Specifically, crude mortality rates decreased by 10% (−0.10 [95% CI: −0.16, −0.05]) during the pandemic period. Furthermore, the number of deaths from COVID-19 during the pandemic period has a very weak incidence of deaths from mental health conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's. Specifically, a unit percentage increase in confirmed cases from COVID-19 would result in a 7% (−0.07 [95% CI: −0.13, −0.001]) decrease in the number of deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's. These findings are supported by the application of panel regression with one-way random effects models. Interpretation: The study findings indicate a reduction in mortality rates attributed to dementia and Alzheimer's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. This decline could be attributed to the potential underreporting of mental illness as the cause of death during the pandemic period. Several studies have highlighted that approximately 30% of death certificates fail to document the presence of a dementia syndrome. Moreover, the cause of death recorded for individuals with mental health conditions may be influenced by the physician's familiarity with the patient or reflect the prevailing approach to managing end-stage dementia patients. Funding: This work received no funding
Connexin channels and hemichannels are modulated differently by charge reversal at residues forming the intracellular pocket
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Members of the β-subfamily of connexins contain an intracellular pocket surrounded by amino acid residues from the four transmembrane helices. The presence of this pocket has not previously been investigated in members of the α-, γ-, δ-, and ε-subfamilies. We studied connexin50 (Cx50) as a representative of the α-subfamily, because its structure has been determined and mutations of Cx50 are among the most common genetic causes of congenital cataracts. Methods: To investigate the presence and function of the intracellular pocket in Cx50 we used molecular dynamics simulation, site-directed mutagenesis, gap junction tracer intercellular transfer, and hemichannel activity detected by electrophysiology and by permeation of charged molecules. Results: Employing molecular dynamics, we determined the presence of the intracellular pocket in Cx50 hemichannels and identified the amino acids participating in its formation. We utilized site-directed mutagenesis to alter a salt-bridge interaction that supports the intracellular pocket and occurs between two residues highly conserved in the connexin family, R33 and E162. Substitution of opposite charges at either position decreased formation of gap junctional plaques and cell–cell communication and modestly reduced hemichannel currents. Simultaneous charge reversal at these positions produced plaque-forming non-functional gap junction channels with highly active hemichannels. Conclusions: These results show that interactions within the intracellular pocket influence both gap junction channel and hemichannel functions. Disruption of these interactions may be responsible for diseases associated with mutations at these positions
Pearcey integrals, Stokes lines and exact baryonic layers in the low energy limit of QCD
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)The first analytic solutions representing baryonic layers living at finite baryon density within a constant magnetic field in the gauged Skyrme model are constructed. A remarkable feature of these configurations is that, if the Skyrme term is neglected, then these baryonic layers in the constant magnetic background cannot be found analytically and their energies grow very fast with the magnetic field. On the other hand, if the Skyrme term is taken into account, the field equations can be solved analytically and the corresponding solutions have a smooth limit for large magnetic fields. Thus, the Skyrme term discloses the universal character of these configurations living at finite Baryon density in a constant magnetic field. The classical gran-canonical partition function of these configurations can be expressed explicitly in terms of the Pearcey integral. This fact allows us to determine analytically the Stokes lines of the partition function and the corresponding dependence on the baryonic chemical potential as well as on the external magnetic field. In this way, we can determine various critical curves in the (μB−Bext) plane which separates different physical behaviors. These families of inhomogeneous baryonic condensates can be also dressed with chiral conformal excitations of the solutions representing modulations of the layers themselves. Some physical consequences are analyzed
Assessment of dimensions of socio-emotional, cognitive, and motor development in Chilean children with Developmental Language Disorder and typical developmentAn analytic
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Universidad Nacional de Cordoba - Facultad de Psicologia. All rights reserved.study Recent evidence shows that children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) may have impairments in developmental domains other than language. Studies in Spanish-speaking preschoolers are scarce, especially in the socio-emotional and motor dimensions. The objectives were to compare cognitive, motor, socio-emotional, and language development between preschoolers with DLD and typical development (TD), and to correlate their language skills with other dimensions. Forty children with a mean age of 56 months were divided into two groups: 20 with DLD and 20 with TD. Comparisons were made using the Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI), and it was found that children with DLD scored significantly lower on all scales. When examining the correlations, the relationship between motor skills and receptive grammar is noteworthy in both samples. The results suggest the need for an approach that considers the dimensions of development and promotes the well-being of these children.La evidencia reciente muestra que los niños con Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL) pueden presentar limitaciones en áreas del desarrollo distintas al lenguaje. Son escasos los estudios en preescolares hispanohablantes, especialmente en las dimensiones socioemocional y motriz. Los objetivos fueron comparar el desarrollo cognitivo, motor, socioemocional y lingüístico entre preescolares con TDL y desarrollo típico (DT) y correlacionar sus habilidades lingüísticas con el resto de las dimensiones. Cuarenta niños con edad media de 56 meses fueron divididos en dos grupos: 20 con TDL y 20 con DT. Se compararon mediante el Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI), hallándose que los niños con TDL rindieron significativamente peor en todas las escalas. Al estudiar las correlaciones, destaca la relación entre la motricidad y la gramática receptiva en ambas muestras. Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de un abordaje que considere las dimensiones del desarrollo y que promueva el bienestar de estos niños