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Targeting short-chain fatty acids receptors signalling for neurological disorders treatment
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role regulating immune and metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, dysregulation in SCFA levels is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. These metabolites are generated by gut microbiota, and their production is influenced mainly by diet. Here, an overview is provided of how SCFA production is associated with diet and with neurological disorders. The mechanisms by which SCFAs exert beneficial effects are analysed, along with how their production may be boosted by diet and how the use of specific dietary interventions might improve the outcome of neurological diseases
Espacios EscapulohumeralesConcordancia y Propuesta a la Terminologia Anatomica
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.The updating of anatomical terms is essential to facilitate teaching and learning as well as international communication through publications and presentations at scientific events. In the posterior wall of the axilla, the teres major, teres minor and triceps brachii muscles form three spaces through which neurovascular structures of clinical significance run. The current study seeks to define and propose terms for these spaces which have been omitted by Terminologia Anatomica. The definition of the Latin term 'Spatium' was investigated using A Latin Dicionary, while the term 'Espacio' was analyzed using Diccionario panhispánico de términos médicos (Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España, 2023), as well as the lexemes of the words 'scapula' and 'humerus', for which the Diccionario Médico-Biológico, Histórico y Etimológico de la Universidad de Salamanca was consulted. The presence of the term 'Spatium' in the Terminologia Anatomica was also investigated. Finally, 10 anatomy textbooks in Spanish were reviewed to identify the terms used for these spaces. In reviewing the latest edition of Terminologia Anatomica, it was found that the term 'Spatium' appears 25 times in different chapters and it was evident that no terms for scapulohumeral spaces appear in the chapters on upper limb structures. Moreover, in 100 % of the anatomy textbooks reviewed, at least one term is used to describe the scapulohumeral spaces. We believe that the proposed terms: 'Spatium humerotricipitale', 'Spatium scapulotricipitale' and 'Spatium teretricipitale' more accurately describe both the location and their association with the bone/muscle structures that form them. We therefore suggest that these terms be revised for inclusion in future editions of Terminologia Anatomica
The impact of COVID-19 on deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Chile : an analysis of panel data for 16 regions, 2017–2022
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsBackground: Although several studies have documented the detrimental impacts of global COVID-19 containment measures on individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, a comprehensive analysis of mortality rates for these conditions within the Chilean population is notably lacking. This study aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on mortality rates among individuals with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Chile. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted, considering mortality data for specific mental health conditions during the pre-pandemic and pandemic contexts of COVID-19 in Chile. Quantile regression techniques were employed to analyze the existence of differences between the two periods, while non-observable heterogeneity models for panel data methods were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 mortality on crude mortality rates. Findings: Statistically significant differences were observed in the number of deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's disease between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic periods. Specifically, crude mortality rates decreased by 10% (−0.10 [95% CI: −0.16, −0.05]) during the pandemic period. Furthermore, the number of deaths from COVID-19 during the pandemic period has a very weak incidence of deaths from mental health conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's. Specifically, a unit percentage increase in confirmed cases from COVID-19 would result in a 7% (−0.07 [95% CI: −0.13, −0.001]) decrease in the number of deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's. These findings are supported by the application of panel regression with one-way random effects models. Interpretation: The study findings indicate a reduction in mortality rates attributed to dementia and Alzheimer's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. This decline could be attributed to the potential underreporting of mental illness as the cause of death during the pandemic period. Several studies have highlighted that approximately 30% of death certificates fail to document the presence of a dementia syndrome. Moreover, the cause of death recorded for individuals with mental health conditions may be influenced by the physician's familiarity with the patient or reflect the prevailing approach to managing end-stage dementia patients. Funding: This work received no funding
Chemo-small extracellular vesicles released in cisplatin-resistance ovarian cancer cells are regulated by the lysosomal function
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Extracellular Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.Chemoresistance is a common problem in ovarian cancer (OvCa) treatment, where resistant cells, in response to chemotherapy, secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), known as chemo-sEVs, that transfer resistance to recipient cells. sEVs are formed as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular endosomes (MVEs), whose trafficking is regulated by Ras-associated binding (RAB) GTPases that mediate sEVs secretion or lysosomal degradation. A decrease in lysosomal function can promote sEVs secretion, but the relationship between MVEs trafficking pathways and sEVs secretion in OvCa chemoresistance is unclear. Here, we show that A2780cis cisplatin (CCDP) resistant OvCa cells had an increased number of MVEs and ILVs structures, higher levels of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRTs) machinery components, and RAB27A compared to A2780 CDDP-sensitive OvCa cells. CDDP promoted the secretion of chemo-sEVs in A2780cis cells, enriched in DNA damage response proteins. A2780cis cells exhibited poor lysosomal function with reduced levels of RAB7, essential in MVEs-Lysosomal trafficking. The silencing of RAB27A in A2780cis cells prevents the Chemo-EVs secretion, reduces its chemoresistance and restores lysosomal function and levels of RAB7, switching them into an A2780-like cellular phenotype. Enhancing lysosomal function with rapamycin reduced chemo-sEVs secretion. Our results suggest that adjusting the balance between secretory MVEs and lysosomal MVEs trafficking could be a promising strategy for overcoming CDDP chemoresistance in OvCa
Trypanosoma cruzi-derived exovesicles contribute to parasite infection, tissue damage, and apoptotic cell death during ex vivo infection of human placental explants
No full textBus Basis Model Applied to the Chilean Power System: A Detailed Look at Chilean Electric Demand
No full textMagnetic corrections to the QCD coupling: Strong field approximation
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAPWe compute the one-loop vertex function of the QCD coupling in the presence of an ultraintense magnetic field. From the vertex function, we extract the effective coupling and show that it grows with increasing magnetic field. We consider the quark-gluon vertex and the three-gluon vertex, accounting for the propagators of charged particles within the loops using the lowest Landau level approximation in order to satisfy the condition where the magnetic field is the largest energy scale. Under this approximation, we find that the contribution from the three-gluon vertex vanishes. Therefore, this result arises from the competition between the color charge associated to gluons and to quarks as well, with the former being larger than the latter. The behavior of the QCD coupling as a function of the magnetic field strength is analogous to that exhibited by the light-quark condensate, indicating the magnetic catalysis occurs. This increasing behavior stems from the dominant contribution of color charge associated to gluons in the vertex function
Chlorophyll-a Detection Algorithms at Different Depths Using In Situ, Meteorological, and Remote Sensing Data in a Chilean Lake
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.In this study, we employ in situ, meteorological, and remote sensing data to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration at different depths in a South American freshwater ecosystem, focusing specifically on a lake in southern Chile known as Lake Maihue. For our analysis, we explored four different scenarios using three deep learning and traditional statistical models. These scenarios involved using field data (Scenario 1), meteorological variables (Scenario 2), and satellite data (Scenarios 3.1 and 3.2) to predict chlorophyll-a levels in Lake Maihue at three different depths (0, 15, and 30 m). Our choice of models included SARIMAX, DGLM, and LSTM, all of which showed promising statistical performance in predicting chlorophyll-a concentrations in this lake. Validation metrics for these models indicated their effectiveness in predicting chlorophyll levels, which serve as valuable indicators of the presence of algae in the water body. The coefficient of determination values ranged from 0.30 to 0.98, with the DGLM model showing the most favorable statistics in all scenarios tested. It is worth noting that the LSTM model yielded comparatively lower metrics, mainly due to the limitations of the available training data. The models employed, which use traditional statistical and machine learning models and meteorological and remote sensing data, have great potential for application in lakes in Chile and the rest of the world with similar characteristics. In addition, these results constitute a fundamental resource for decision-makers involved in the protection and conservation of water resource quality
Comparación de antisépticos usados para preparación posquirúrgica y prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico en perros : alcohol, clorhexidina y povidona yodada. revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFLa antisepsia es un paso esencial en el ámbito quirúrgico, esta implica la inhibición del crecimiento de microorganismos en la piel o membranas mucosas, para disminuir la probabilidad de migración de estos y prevenir la formación de focos de infección. Para esta tarea se emplean productos denominados antisépticos, siendo utilizados con mayor frecuencia la clorhexidina al 2%, el alcohol al 70% y la povidona yodada. Además, Estos presentan efectos antimicrobianos persistentes, lo que los hace esenciales en la prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ). La elección del antiséptico es crucial, al igual que la técnica de aplicación y la retirada del pelo para disminuir efectos no deseados como la mortalidad de los pacientes postquirúrgicos por infecciones, lo que significaría una carga económica y de bienestar a las clínicas veterinarias. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los diferentes antisépticos utilizados para preparación prequirúrgica mediante material bibliográfico que evalúe la acción de los antisépticos mediante cultivos bacterianos para la confección de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo cualitativa e intentar responder la pregunta de ¿Cuál antiséptico cutáneo es el más efectivo en reducir la carga bacteriana para prevenir infecciones del sitio quirúrgico? Al mismo tiempo el material fue localizado en bases de datos y metabuscadores tales como Web of Science, DynaMed, UpToDate y OvidS y se seleccionó según criterios de inclusión y exclusión, los cuales se resumen en excluir artículos anteriores al año 2009 para dejar una ventana temporal de 15 años, aquellos que no hablen de antisepsia en perros e incluir artículos de revistas científicas que expongan información sobre los antisépticos nombrados y que se adapten a los objetivos de investigación, organizándolos de acuerdo a su peso bibliográfico y factor de impacto. Para la presentación de resultados se usaron tablas comparativas en las cuales se muestran los diferentes resultados de los autores que analizaron la disminución de la carga bacteriana de los distintos antisépticos mediante cultivos. En conclusión, y de acuerdo con los autores consultados, los antisépticos no muestran diferencias significativas que sugieran el uso de uno sobre otro.Antisepsis is an essential step in the surgical field; it involves inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on the skin or mucous membranes, to reduce the probability of their migration and prevent the formation of foci of infection. For this task, products called antiseptics are used, with 2% chlorhexidine, 70% alcohol and povidone iodine being used most frequently. In addition, these have persistent antimicrobial effects, which makes them essential in the prevention of surgical site infections (SSI). The choice of antiseptic is crucial, as is the application technique and hair removal to reduce unwanted effects such as the mortality of post-surgical patients due to infections, which would mean an economic and well-being burden on veterinary clinics. The objective of this study will be to compare the different antiseptics most used globally through bibliographic material that evaluates the action of antiseptics through bacterial cultures to prepare a qualitative literature review and try to answer the question: Which skin antiseptic its more effective in reducing bacterial load to prevent surgical site infections? At the same time, the material will be located in databases and metasearch engines and will be selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, which are summarized in excluding articles prior to 2009 to leave a time window of 15 years, those that do not talk about antisepsis in dogs and include articles from scientific journals that present information about the named antiseptics and that adapt to the research objectives, organizing them according to their bibliographic weight and impact factor. To present the results, comparative tables were used in which the different results of the authors who analyzed the decrease in the bacterial load of the different antiseptics through cultures are shown. In conclusion and according to the authors consulted, antiseptics do not show significant differences that suggest the use of one over the other
Priority setting in times of crises : an analysis of priority setting for the COVID-19 response in the Western Pacific Region
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Background: While priority setting is recognized as critical for promoting accountability and transparency in health system planning, its role in supporting rational, equitable and fair pandemic planning and responses is less well understood. This study aims to describe how priority setting was used to support planning in the initial stage of the pandemic response in a subset of countries in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). Methods: We purposively sampled a subset of countries from WPR and undertook a critical document review of the initial national COVID-19 pandemic response plans. A pre-specified tool guided data extraction and the analysis examined the use of quality parameters of priority setting, and equity considerations. Results: Nine plans were included in this analysis, from the following countries: Papua New Guinea, Tonga, The Philippines, Fiji, China, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and Taiwan. Most commonly the plans described strong political will to respond swiftly, resource needs, stakeholder engagement, and defined the roles of institutions that guided COVID-19 response decision-making. The initial plans did not reflect strong evidence of public engagement or considerations of equity informing the early responses to the pandemic. Conclusion: This study advances an understanding of how priority setting and equity considerations were integrated to support the development of the initial COVID-19 responses in nine countries in WPR and contributes to the literature on health system planning during emergencies. This baseline assessment reveals evidence of the common priority setting parameters that were deployed in the initial responses, the prioritized resources and equity considerations and reinforces the importance of strengthening health system capacity for priority setting to support future pandemic preparedness