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Socio-spatial analysis of migrant school students according to Bourdieu's capitals in Santiago de Chile (2017–2020)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsChile has experienced a substantial immigration boom in the last 10 years. The urban areas of this nation present high levels of residential segregation, represented in its main city, Santiago. This article presents results of an exploratory analysis of the relationship between residential segregation, immigration rate by educational institutions and changes in school performance. Based on the generation of clusters characterized by cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital, an analysis of the changes in school performance in those schools that received the greatest number of migrants is generated
Análisis de la percepción de los profesores de Educación Media sobre sus competencias para abordar las Necesidades Educativas Especiales Permanentes (NEEP)
Get PDFPedagogía en Educación Diferencial, Licenciado en EducaciónLa presente investigación tiene como objetivo general analizar las percepciones de los docentes de enseñanza media sobre sus competencias pedagógicas y metodologías inclusivas en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de estudiantes con Necesidades Educativas Especiales Permanentes, que asisten a establecimientos educacionales regulares. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo para obtener una percepción detallada sobre las competencias para abordar las NEEP en el aula. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario a profesores de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, específicamente en las comunas de Puente Alto y La Florida, con el propósito de conocer la percepción de los docentes sobre las metodologías inclusivas utilizadas, al igual que los desafíos que presentan en la actualidad. El primer capítulo reúne los antecedentes de la problemática y el estado del arte de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se visualiza el marco teórico que está compuesto por los antecedentes, aspectos legales y estado de la investigación. El tercer capítulo profundiza en la metodología de la investigación. El cuarto capítulo abarca el marco metodológico; este apartado describe el enfoque, las estrategias utilizadas para abordar el problema de investigación. Finalizando con el quinto capítulo que proporciona el análisis y conclusiones. Esta investigación es de carácter exploratorio, debido a los avances en temas de inclusión en enseñanza media; por consiguiente, es vital seguir con esta línea de investigación para conocer en mayor profundidad la percepción de los docentes respecto a los desafíos que enfrentan y metodologías inclusivas que emplean para atender a la diversidad. Del mismo modo, para ampliar la gama de asignaturas medidas y su repercusión en el proceso formativo de los estudiantes con NEEP en Chile.The main objective of this research is to analyze the perceptions of secondary school teachers on their pedagogical skills and inclusive methodologies in the teaching and learning process of students with Permanent Special Educational Needs (PSEN) who attend regular educational institutions. A quantitative approach was used to obtain a detailed perception of the competencies required to address PSEN in the classroom. A questionnaire was administered to teachers in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, specifically in the municipalities of Puente Alto and La Florida, to gather insights into their perceptions of the inclusive methodologies employed, as well as the challenges they currently face. The first chapter provides the background to the problem and the state of the art of research. The second chapter contains the theoretical framework, which includes background information, legal aspects, and the state of the research. The third chapter delves into the research methodology. The fourth chapter covers the methodological framework, this section describes the approach, the strategies used to address the research problem. Ending with the fifth chapter which provides the analysis and conclusions. This research is exploratory in nature, due to the advances in inclusion issues in secondary education; therefore, it is vital to continue with this line of research to gain a deeper understanding of teachers' perceptions regarding the challenges they face and the inclusive methodologies they use to address diversity. Likewise, to expand the range of subjects measured and their impact on the educational process of students with NEEP in Chile
Biological Activity of Complexes Involving Nitro-Containing Ligands and Crystallographic-Theoretical Description of 3,5-DNB Complexes
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Drug resistance in infectious diseases developed by bacteria and fungi is an important issue since it is necessary to further develop novel compounds with biological activity that counteract this problem. In addition, new pharmaceutical compounds with lower secondary effects to treat cancer are needed. Coordination compounds appear to be accessible and promising alternatives aiming to overcome these problems. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on coordination compounds based on nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) as a ligand, its derivatives, and other nitro-containing ligands, which are widely employed owing to their versatility. Additionally, an analysis of crystallographic data is presented, unraveling the coordination preferences and the most effective crystallization methods to grow crystals of good quality. This underscores the significance of elucidating crystalline structures and utilizing computational calculations to deepen the comprehension of the electronic properties of coordination complexes
Calcitriol Treatment Decreases Cell Migration, Viability and β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Dysplasia
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Nearly 90% of oral cancers are characterized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing the sixth most common type of cancer. OSCC usually evolves from oral potentially malignant disorders that, in some cases, are histologically consistent with a oral dysplasia. The levels of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3; calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D3, have been shown to be decreased in patients with oral dysplasia and OSCC. Moreover, treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 has been proven beneficial in OSCC by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a signaling route that promotes cell migration, proliferation, and viability. However, whether this inhibition mechanism occurs in oral dysplasia is unknown. To approach this question, we used dysplastic oral keratinocyte cultures and oral explants (ex vivo model of oral dysplasia) treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 48 h. Following treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3, both in vitro and ex vivo models of oral dysplasia showed decreased levels of nuclear β-catenin by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Consistently, reduced protein and mRNA levels of the Wnt/β-catenin target gene survivin were observed after treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 promoted membranous localization of E-cadherin and nuclear localization of vitamin D receptor (VDR). Functionally, DOK cells treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 displayed diminished cell migration and viability in vitro
Evaluación de Sustentabilidad del destino Torres del Paine y propuesta de buenas prácticas en base a evidencia comparada
Get PDFIngeniería en Gestión de Expediciones y Ecoturismo, Licenciado en Ciencias de la IngenieríaEl turismo ha sido una actividad económica importante que ha podido generar beneficios sociales y financieros, pero también ha generado impactos negativos en el medio ambiente y la sociedad. La elección de Torres del Paine se fundamenta en su importancia como destino turístico destacado a nivel nacional, atrayendo a una gran cantidad de visitantes por sus excepcionales atributos naturales. Sin embargo, el crecimiento del turismo en el destino ha generado preocupaciones sobre la sostenibilidad. Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la sustentabilidad del destino turístico Torres del Paine utilizando el \"Manual Destinos Turísticos Sustentables: Propuesta para un Sistema de Distinción\", manual que proporciona un marco para evaluar la sostenibilidad en cuatro ámbitos clave tales como lo sociocultural, económico, gestión y medio ambiente, donde se busca contribuir y abordar desafíos en cuanto al avance de la sustentabilidad en los procesos, exponiendo mejoras basadas en la información recopilada durante el proyecto en los ámbitos ya mencionados. Las respectivas propuestas hechas en base a la evaluación proporcionarán oportunidades para la mejora del destino en cuanto a la sustentabilidad fomentando un desarrollo óptimo, eficiente y sustentable de los recursos, con beneficios económicos, ambientales y sociales para la comunidad local, visitantes, sector público y privado.Tourism has been an important economic activity that has been able to generate social and financial benefits, but it has also generated negative impacts on the environment and society. The choice of Torres del Paine is based on its importance as a nationally prominent tourist destination, attracting a large number of visitors because of its exceptional natural attributes. However, the growth of tourism in the destination has generated concerns about sustainability. This research project aims to evaluate the sustainability of the Torres del Paine tourism destination using the \"Sustainable Tourism Destinations Manual: Proposal for a System of Distinction\", a manual that provides a framework for evaluating sustainability in four key areas such as sociocultural, economic, management and environment, where it seeks to contribute and address challenges in terms of advancing sustainability in the processes, exposing improvements based on the information collected during the project in the aforementioned areas. The respective proposals made based on the evaluation will provide opportunities for the improvement of the destination in terms of sustainability, promoting optimal, efficient and sustainable development of resources, with economic, environmental and social benefits for the local community, visitors, public and private sectors
Long-Term Survival and Immune Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Undergoing TAPCells-Based Vaccination Therapy
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Cancer vaccines present a promising avenue for treating immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs)-refractory patients, fostering immune responses to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We revisit a phase I/II trial using Tumor Antigen-Presenting Cells (TAPCells) (NCT06152367), an autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccine loaded with heat-shocked allogeneic melanoma cell lysates. Initial findings showcased TAPCells inducing lysate-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, correlating with prolonged survival. Here, we extend our analysis over 15 years, categorizing patients into short-term (<36 months) and long-term (≥36 months) survivors, exploring novel associations between clinical outcomes and demographic, genetic, and immunologic parameters. Notably, DTHpos patients exhibit a 53.1% three-year survival compared to 16.1% in DTHneg patients. Extended remissions are observed in long-term survivors, particularly DTHpos/M1cneg patients. Younger age, stage III disease, and moderate immune events also benefit short-term survivors. Immunomarkers like increased C-type lectin domain family 2 member D on CD4+ T cells and elevated interleukin-17A were detected in long-term survivors. In contrast, toll-like receptor-4 D229G polymorphism and reduced CD32 on B cells are associated with reduced survival. TAPCells achieved stable long remissions in 35.2% of patients, especially M1cneg/DTHpos cases. Conclusions: Our study underscores the potential of vaccine-induced immune responses in melanoma, emphasizing the identification of emerging biological markers and clinical parameters for predicting long-term remission
Are Alexandrium catenella Blooms Spreading Offshore in Southern Chile? An In-Depth Analysis of the First PSP Outbreak in the Oceanic Coast
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.The blooms of Alexandrium catenella, the main producer of paralytic shellfish toxins worldwide, have become the main threat to coastal activities in Southern Chile, such as artisanal fisheries, aquaculture and public health. Here, we explore retrospective data from an intense Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning outbreak in Southern Chile in Summer–Autumn 2016, identifying environmental drivers, spatiotemporal dynamics, and detoxification rates of the main filter-feeder shellfish resources during an intense A. catenella bloom, which led to the greatest socio-economic impacts in that area. Exponential detoxification models evidenced large differences in detoxification dynamics between the three filter-feeder species surf clam (Ensis macha), giant barnacle (Austromegabalanus psittacus), and red sea squirt (Pyura chilensis). Surf clam showed an initial toxicity (9054 µg STX-eq·100 g −1) around 10-fold higher than the other two species. It exhibited a relatively fast detoxification rate and approached the human safety limit of 80 µg STX-eq·100 g −1 towards the end of the 150 days. Ecological implications and future trends are also discussed. Based on the cell density evolution, data previously gathered on the area, and the biology of this species, we propose that the bloom originated in the coastal area, spreading offshore thanks to the resting cysts formed and transported in the water column
AP-1γ2 is an adaptor protein 1 variant required for endosome-to-Golgi trafficking of the mannose-6-P receptor (CI-MPR) and ATP7B copper transporter
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsSelective retrograde transport from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is important for maintaining protein homeostasis, recycling receptors, and returning molecules that were transported to the wrong compartments. Two important transmembrane proteins directed to this pathway are the Cation-Independent Mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) and the ATP7B copper transporter. Among CI-MPR functions is the delivery of acid hydrolases to lysosomes, while ATP7B facilitates the transport of cytosolic copper ions into organelles or the extracellular space. Precise subcellular localization of CI-MPR and ATP7B is essential for the proper functioning of these proteins. This study shows that both CI-MPR and ATP7B interact with a variant of the clathrin adaptor 1 (AP-1) complex that contains a specific isoform of the γ-adaptin subunit called γ2. Through synchronized anterograde trafficking and cell-surface uptake assays, we demonstrated that AP-1γ2 is dispensable for ATP7B and CI-MPR exit from the TGN while being critically required for ATP7B and CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. Moreover, AP-1γ2 depletion leads to the retention of endocytosed CI-MPR in endosomes enriched in retromer complex subunits. These data underscore the importance of AP-1γ2 as a key component in the sorting and trafficking machinery of CI-MPR and ATP7B, highlighting its essential role in the transport of proteins from endosomes
Politics and Architecture, Neumann, Dietrich (2023). Barcelona : Fundació Mies van der Rohe. 24 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-127721-1-1
Get PDFIdentification of potentially harmful bacterial genera of veterinary relevance in the Llanquihue urban wetlands
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Universidad Austral de Chile. All rights reserved.Water bodies constitute natural, social, and ecological heritage under constant threat from the footprint of human action. They are the habitats of many species and play a key role in sustaining biodiversity in different ecosystems. However, anthropogenic activity can result in eutrophication of water bodies, favoring the excessive growth of microorganisms, which can be a risk factor for animal, human, and environmental health. The Agricultural and Livestock Service [Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG)] of Chile developed a list of Mandatory Reportable Diseases (MRD) to report suspected contagious diseases of veterinary relevance. In this sense, the detection of microorganisms in water bodies for the characterization of their sanitary status is important for the development of monitoring strategies and the prevention of possible diseases. This study aimed to determine the presence of potentially harmful bacteria in Llanquihue urban wetlands. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing of amplicons to characterize the composition of microorganisms in three urban wetlands in the city of Llanquihue, which could be a risk factor for animal health. Our main finding was the detection of genera that may be associated with MRD, in addition to other microbial genera that have pathogenic potential. On the other hand, we also report the presence of cyanobacteria genera that can be involved in toxin production in water bodies as another potential source of risk. This is the first study to use massive sequencing techniques to analyze the sanitary status of urban wetlands in the city of Llanquihue