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Observational constraints on scale-dependent cosmology
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsThis paper examines a cosmological model of scale-dependent gravity. The gravitational action is taken to be the Einstein–Hilbert term supplemented with a cosmological constant, where the couplings, Gk and Λk, run with the energy scale k. Also, notice that, by construction, our formalism recovers general relativity when in the limit of constant Newton's coupling. Two sub-models based on the scale-dependent cosmological model are confronted with recent observational data from: (i) the Hubble parameter H(z), (ii) distance modulus μ(z), and (iii) baryon acoustic scale evolution as functions of redshift (BAO). The viability of the model is discussed, obtaining the best-fit parameters and the maximum likelihood contours for these observables. Finally, a joint analysis is performed for H(z)+μ(z)＋BAO
Effectiveness of supervised physiotherapy versus a home exercise program in patients with distal radius fracture : a randomized controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Chartered Society of PhysiotherapyObjective: To determine in the long term whether supervised physiotherapy is more effective than a home exercise program for functional improvement and pain relief in patients with distal radius fracture (DRF). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rehabilitation hospital. Participants: A total of 74 patients older than 60 years with extra-articular DRF were randomly allocated into two groups. Interventions: The experimental group received 6 weeks of supervised physiotherapy (n = 37) and the control group received 6 weeks of home exercise program (n = 37). Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was wrist/hand function assessed using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire; secondary outcomes were the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength and wrist flexion–extension active range of motion. Results: All patients completed the trial. For the primary outcome, at 6-weeks and 1-year follow-up, the PRWE questionnaire showed a mean difference between groups of 18.6 (95% CI 12.8 to 24.3) and 18.5 points (95% CI 12.7 to 24.2) respectively, these differences are clinically important. Conversely, at 2-year follow-up this effect decreases to 3.3 points (95% CI −2.4 to 9.0). For secondary outcomes, at 6-weeks and 1-year follow-up, in all measurements the effect size range from medium to large. Conversely, at 2-year follow-up only grip strength showed large effect size in favor of supervised physiotherapy, the rest of outcomes did not show difference between groups. Conclusion: At the 6-week and 1-year follow-up, supervised physiotherapy was more effective for functional improvement and pain relief compared with a home exercise program in patients older than 60 years with extra-articular DRF. However, this effect decreases over time, at the 2-year follow-up, only grip strength showed a difference in favor of supervised physiotherapy. Trial registration: Brazilian registry of clinical trials UTN no. U1111- 1249-2492. Registered 17 March 2020. Contribution of the Paper: • Current evidence has shown controversial results regarding the effectiveness of supervised physiotherapy versus a home exercise program in elderly patients with DRFs. • At the 6-week and 1-year follow-up, supervised physiotherapy is more effective for functional improvement and pain relief. • However, at the 2-year follow-up, only grip strength showed a difference in favor of supervised physiotherapy in these patients
Comprehensive Gerontological Assessment: An Update on the Concept and Its Evaluation Tools in Latin America and the Caribbean—A Literature Review
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.In recent decades, Latin America and the Caribbean region have experienced accelerated aging. However, despite the significant progress of gerontology in the region, the number of geriatricians and professionals trained in the field is low; a notable gap in the training related to the assessment of older adults can also be observed. Therefore, in this literature review, we update the concept of Comprehensive Gerontological Assessment (CGA) for its application in the region. We compile the characteristics, validity, and reliability of CGA tools, and their usage in government documents across countries in the region. We also analyze the adaptations made to CGA during the COVID-19 pandemic, and discuss challenges related to CGA administration, academic training, research, innovation, and management. This study is particularly relevant as it proposes lines of action for decision-makers, academics, researchers, university students, and the general community, which will allow for more tailored interventions aimed at meeting the needs of older adults, their families, and caregivers. Such actions will positively impact functionality, autonomy, and quality of life, while promoting healthy, active, and successful aging in the region
Conventionalism of offenders? A case review from the perspective of cultural criminology
No full textSetting research priorities for global pandemic preparedness: An international consensus and comparison with ChatGPT’s output : An international consensus and comparison with ChatGPT’s output
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Background In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries. Methods The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research identified 163 research ideas, of which 42 experts then scored based on five pre-defined criteria. We calculated intermediate criterion-specific scores and overall research priority scores from the mean of individual scores for each research idea. We used a bootstrap (n = 1000) to compute the 95% confidence intervals. Results Key priorities included strengthening health systems, rapid vaccine and treatment production, improving international cooperation, and enhancing surveillance efficiency. Other priorities included learning from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, managing supply chains, identifying planning gaps, and promoting equitable interventions. We compared this CHNRI-based outcome with the 14 research priorities generated and ranked by ChatGPT, encountering both striking similarities and clear differences. Conclusions Priority setting processes based on human crowdsourcing – such as the CHNRI method – and the output provided by ChatGPT are both valuable, as they complement and strengthen each other. The priorities identified by ChatGPT were more grounded in theory, while those identified by CHNRI were guided by recent practical experiences. Addressing these priorities, along with improvements in health planning, equitable community-based interventions, and the capacity of primary health care, is vital for better pandemic preparedness and response in many settings
GOLPH3 Participates in Mitochondrial Fission and Is Necessary to Sustain Bioenergetic Function in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.In this study, we investigated the inter-organelle communication between the Golgi apparatus (GA) and mitochondria. Previous observations suggest that GA-derived vesicles containing phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) play a role in mitochondrial fission, colocalizing with DRP1, a key protein in this process. However, the functions of these vesicles and potentially associated proteins remain unknown. GOLPH3, a PI(4)P-interacting GA protein, is elevated in various types of solid tumors, including breast cancer, yet its precise role is unclear. Interestingly, GOLPH3 levels influence mitochondrial mass by affecting cardiolipin synthesis, an exclusive mitochondrial lipid. However, the mechanism by which GOLPH3 influences mitochondria is not fully understood. Our live-cell imaging analysis showed GFP-GOLPH3 associating with PI(4)P vesicles colocalizing with YFP-DRP1 at mitochondrial fission sites. We tested the functional significance of these observations with GOLPH3 knockout in MDA-MB-231 cells of breast cancer, resulting in a fragmented mitochondrial network and reduced bioenergetic function, including decreased mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption. Our findings suggest a potential negative regulatory role for GOLPH3 in mitochondrial fission, impacting mitochondrial function and providing insights into GA–mitochondria communication
Anesthetists as Second Victims of Adverse EventsA Scoping Review
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Sociedad de Anestesiologia de Chile. All rights reserved.Introduction: The second victim following an adverse event is the healthcare professional, who may experience physical and psychological signs and symptoms of varying duration and severity. This phenomenon has been documented across various professions and specialties, including Anesthesia. It can lead to suicidal ideation among those affected or result in absenteeism or abandonment of the profession. Aim: To describe the phenomenon of second victims in anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute method, and the results are reported following the PRISMA ScR guidelines. The databases PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EBSCO were consulted, employing the keywords ANESTHESIA [AND] SECOND VICTIM. Language limitations were set to English, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, with articles of any design published between 2017-2023. Results: Initially, 110 articles were identified in the search. After eliminating duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, eight studies were included in this review. Results are analyzed narratively in categories such as the anesthesia environment in adverse events, the phenomenon of second victims in anesthesia, and support for second victims in anesthesia. Conclusions: The phenomenon of second victims manifests within the field of anesthesia. Following an adverse event, the development of psychological signs and symptoms such as loss of professional confidence, guilt, anger, and anxiety is predominantly described. Suicidal ideation is infrequently reported. The primary support involves the implementation of peer-led programs to support second victims.Introducción: La segunda víctima luego de un evento adverso es el profesional de salud que puede sufrir signos y síntomas físicos y psicológicos, de variable duración y severidad. Este fenómeno ha sido descrito en diversas profesiones y especialidades. Se ha descrito que con el desarrollo de este fenómeno los profesionales pueden desarrollar ideación suicida o determinar ausentismo o abandono de la profesión. Objetivo: Describir el fenómeno de segundas víctimas en anestesia. Material y Método: Se realizó una revisión de alcance con el método de Johanna Briggs Institut y se reportan los resultados por PRISMA- ScR. Se consultaron las bases de datos PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web Of Science y EBSCO utilizando palabras clave ANESTHESIA [AND] SECOND VICTIM. Como límites se establecieron idiomas inglés, español, portugués y alemán con artículos de cualquier diseño publicados entre el 2017-2023. Resultados: Se identificaron 110 artículos en la búsqueda inicial, luego de eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de inclusión se incluyen 8 estudios en esta revisión. Los resultados se analizan en forma narrativa en las categorías: el entorno de anestesia en los eventos adversos, el fenómeno de segundas víctimas en anestesia y el soporte para segundas víctimas en anestesia. Conclusiones: El fenómeno de segundas víctimas también se desarrolla en ámbito de anestesia. Luego de un evento adverso se describe mayormente desarrollo de signos y síntomas psicológicos como perdida de la confianza profesional, culpa, rabia y ansiedad. Se describe infrecuentemente ideación suicida. El principal soporte consiste en el desarrollo de programas de soporte a segundas víctimas implementados por pares
Simetrías de corrimiento quirales como una torre infinita de simetrías subdominates
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Chiral shift symmetries of the massless free bosons in two dimensions are global symmetries that are somewhat similar to asymptotic symmetries. They are most transparent in double-null coordinates where they are parametrized by two functions of one variable. In BMS-type coordinates, half of them appear as an infinite tower of sub-leading super-shift symmetries
Comparative Electromyographic Study of Scapular Stabilizing Muscles during Five Main Rehabilitation Exercises
No full textPublisher Copyright: © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Objective The aim of the study is to compare the surface electromyographic amplitude, activation ratio, and onset latency of the main scapular stabilizing muscles between five typical rehabilitative exercises. Design Twenty-seven healthy participants performed five scapular exercises (wall slide, wall push-up plus, prone horizontal abduction with external rotation, external rotation in side lying, and low row) while simultaneously recording surface electromyographic of serratus anterior, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and upper trapezius. Surface electromyographic amplitudes, onset latencies, and activation ratios were calculated. Results Prone horizontal abduction with external rotation showed an excellent upper trapezius/middle trapezius (0.43) and upper trapezius/lower trapezius (0.30) muscle balance with high (>50% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) middle trapezius and lower trapezius amplitudes, a low (<20% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) upper trapezius amplitude, and an early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles (-474.7 to 89.9 ms) relative to upper trapezius. External rotation in side lying showed excellent upper trapezius/serratus anterior (0.26), upper trapezius/middle trapezius (0.32), and upper trapezius/lower trapezius (0.21) activation ratios and, along with low row and wall slide, showed early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles (-378.1 to -26.6 ms). Conclusions Prone horizontal abduction with external rotation presented optimal scapular neuromuscular control. Although external rotation in side lying, low row, and wall slide did not meet all the criteria associated with optimal scapular neuromuscular control, these exercises could be used in early stages of shoulder rehabilitation because they favor early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles
Machine Learning-Driven Classification of Urease Inhibitors Leveraging Physicochemical Properties as Effective Filter Criteria
No full textUrease, a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen metabolism, plays a crucial role in various microorganisms, including the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori. Inhibiting urease activity offers a promising approach to combating infections and associated ailments, such as chronic kidney diseases and gastric cancer. However, identifying potent urease inhibitors remains challenging due to resistance issues that hinder traditional approaches. Recently, machine learning (ML)-based models have demonstrated the ability to predict the bioactivity of molecules rapidly and effectively. In this study, we present ML models designed to predict urease inhibitors by leveraging essential physicochemical properties. The methodological approach involved constructing a dataset of urease inhibitors through an extensive literature search. Subsequently, these inhibitors were characterized based on physicochemical properties calculations. An exploratory data analysis was then conducted to identify and analyze critical features. Ultimately, 252 classification models were trained, utilizing a combination of seven ML algorithms, three attribute selection methods, and six different strategies for categorizing inhibitory activity. The investigation unveiled discernible trends distinguishing urease inhibitors from non-inhibitors. This differentiation enabled the identification of essential features that are crucial for precise classification. Through a comprehensive comparison of ML algorithms, tree-based methods like random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost exhibited superior performance. Additionally, incorporating the "chemical family type" attribute significantly enhanced model accuracy. Strategies involving a gray-zone categorization demonstrated marked improvements in predictive precision. This research underscores the transformative potential of ML in predicting urease inhibitors. The meticulous methodology outlined herein offers actionable insights for developing robust predictive models within biochemical systems