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LESIONES POR PRESIÓN EN AMBIENTES HOSPITALARIOS, UN ANÁLISIS REGIONAL
No full textObjetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y caracterización de lesiones por presión, en hospital de alta complejidad, para todos los pacientes hospitalizados en periodo de 4 años. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, retrospectivo. Este estudio siguió la guía STROBE para estudios observacionales. Utilizando datos de egresos de pacientes y registros de lesiones por presión de un hospital de alta complejidad al sur de Chile, entre 2019 y 2022, con una muestra 3343 LLP, se calculó la prevalencia cruda, la tasa de prevalencia y la descripción de factores sociodemográficos de los pacientes con lesiones por presión. Resultados: La prevalencia cruda de lesiones por presión fue 3,97%, con una tasa de 4,60 por cada 1,000 días cama. La prevalencia más alta se registró en 2021, fue mayor en hombres y en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Mayor en UCI, urgencias y medicina-cirugía. Más frecuente también en estadio II y localización en espalda y glúteos (incluido sacro). Existe relación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre estadio de la lesión y variables como lugar de ocurrencia, ubicación de la lesión, edad, factores de riesgo del paciente y factores relacionados con la atención. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de lesiones por presión en este estudio es comparable a otras investigaciones y muestra una tendencia al aumento. Las lesiones más comunes son de estadio II y predominan en hombres. Su aparición está relacionada con el tipo de servicio clínico (UCI, medicina-cirugía, unidad de emergencia), edad del paciente, y factores de riesgo asociados tanto al paciente como a la atención recibida
Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Responses to Cortisol-Mediated Stress in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skeletal Muscle
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.The production and release of cortisol during stress responses are key regulators of growth in teleosts. Understanding the molecular responses to cortisol is crucial for the sustainable farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonid species. While several studies have explored the genomic and non-genomic impacts of cortisol on fish growth and skeletal muscle development, the long-term effects driven by epigenetic mechanisms, such as cortisol-induced DNA methylation, remain unexplored. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylation in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout seven days after cortisol administration. We identified 550 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq and 9059 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that cortisol modulates the differential expression of genes associated with nucleotide metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Similarly, cortisol induced the differential methylation of genes associated with focal adhesion, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and Wnt signaling. Through integrative analyses, we determined that 126 genes showed a negative correlation between up-regulated expression and down-regulated methylation. KEGG enrichment analysis of these genes indicated participation in ECM-receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesion. Using RT-qPCR, we confirmed the differential expression of lamb3, itga6, limk2, itgb4, capn2, and thbs1. This study revealed for the first time the molecular responses of skeletal muscle to cortisol at the transcriptomic and whole-genome DNA methylation levels in rainbow trout
Membrane tension-dependent conformational change of Isoleucine 106 of loop B diminishes water permeability in FaPIP2;1
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Protein Society.Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins specialized in facilitating water transport across membranes. Mechanical stress is one of the various stimuli that regulate AQPs. Briefly, there are several studies that report a decrease in permeability upon an increase in membrane tension. However, the molecular details of this mechanosensitive (MS) response are still a matter of debate. Our work attempts to close that gap in knowledge by providing evidence of a conformational change that occurs inside the pore of the strawberry aquaporin FaPIP2;1. Via osmotic shock experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we found that a residue of loop B, I106, is key to the blocking of the permeation pathway and such a change is almost exclusively found under membrane tensile stress. In detail, osmotic shock experiments exhibited a nonlinear increment in water fluxes for increasing osmolarities, evidencing a decrease in the FaPIP2;1 permeability. MD simulations under membrane tension showed the same trend, with a significant increase in states with a low water permeability. The latter was correlated with a conformational change in I106 that generates a permeation barrier of around 18 kJ mol−1, effectively closing the pore. This work constitutes the first report of a PIP type aquaporin reacting to tensile stress in the membrane. Our findings could pave the way to test whether this conformational change is also responsible for mechanical gating in the other MS aquaporins, both those already reported and those still waiting to be found
Accesibilidad para personas con discapacidad en áreas silvestres protegidas en Chile : Accesibilidad para personas con discapacidad en áreas silvestres protegidas en Chile
No full textIntroducción: Chile promueve la igualdad de derechos y la no discriminación de personas a través de regulaciones basadas en principios como la accesibilidad universal. Sin embargo, la evidencia da cuenta de la inequidad de acceso existente en los entornos naturales protegidos para personas con discapacidad. Esto implica una limitación de los derechos y la posibilidad de beneficiarse del acceso a estos lugares, que se ha relacionado con un mayor bienestar e inclusión social. Objetivo: Analizar la accesibilidad de estas áreas mediante la sistematización de información oficial. Método: Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo documental articulado en dos etapas. Primero, se analizaron las recomendaciones de accesibilidad brindadas por el Servicio Nacional de Discapacidad (SENADIS), Servicio Nacional de Turismo (SERNATUR) y por la Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF). Luego, se evaluó la presencia o ausencia de nueve condiciones de accesibilidad en cada área, clasificadas en tres dimensiones: a) acceso a la información y al área silvestre, b) condiciones con un diseño universal que permita la accesibilidad y c) accesibilidad en la apreciación del entorno natural. Resultados: Los resultados revelan que más de la mitad de las áreas carecen de condiciones de accesibilidad declaradas y ninguna cumple con todas las condiciones analizadas. La falta de sitios accesibles y de personal capacitado son las deficiencias más comunes
Diverse intrusion modes during the construction of a high-silica magma reservoir: Evidence from La Obra–Cerro Blanco intrusive suite (central Chile)
No full textHuman development and entrepreneurship : A cross-country analysis of early-stage, intention, and discontinuation
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Rojas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a vital driver of economic growth, yet its relationship through different stages with broader, non-purely monetary dimensions still needs to be explored. This research seeks to fill this gap by investigating the association between human development and entrepreneurship, recognizing the crucial role of environmental conditions in shaping entrepreneurial activity. Our cross-country Bayesian analysis shows strong evidence that a nation’s level of human development is associated with entrepreneurial activity in three stages: early entrepreneurship, intention for future engagement, and discontinuation of ventures. Our findings expand the intricate relationship between entrepreneurship and economic variables, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions in shaping entrepreneurial behavior. This article emphasizes that promoting robust entrepreneurial ecosystems requires considering integral dimensions such as human development. Policymakers and researchers should broaden their perspectives to encompass these holistic dimensions to create an environment conducive to entrepreneurial growth
El impacto de la participación en las primarias simultáneas y opcionales en la votación del candidato de la coalición en la elección presidencialevidencia del sistema de dos vueltas en Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Universidad de los Andes, Colombia. All rights reserved.Objective/context: We assess the effect of turnout in multiparty-coalition presidential primaries on the electoral support for the primary winner in two-round presidential elections. Does holding presidential primaries have a positive impact on the vote share received by the primary winner and/or political party in the corresponding presidential election? Methodology: We use municipal-level data in the three election cycles (2013-2021) since adopting optional presidential primaries in Chile to estimate ordinary least squares (OLS) models and assess the effect of turnout in the primaries on vote share in the general election. Conclusions: We identify a positive association between turnout in the primaries and vote share for the coalition candidate in the presidential election, with a higher impact on the runoff than in the first round. Originality: As primaries mobilize more ideological voters, the effect of primary turnout is stronger in the runoff when voters are more likely to align along clearly defined ideological lines than in the first round when primary voters normally have more than one option that matches their ideological preferences
Descripción de parásitos intestinales encontrados en fecas recolectadas de caninos (canis lupus familiaris) en parques y plazas de Osorno, Chile y su relevancia en salud pública
No full textLa siguiente investigación tenía como fin describir los parásitos intestinales que
fueron encontrados en las fecas de caninos recolectadas en parques y plazas de
Osorno, Chile y cuáles de ellos resultaron ser zoonóticos y de alta relevancia en
la salud pública. Fueron un total de 80 muestras analizadas mediante análisis coproparasitológico en este estudio entre Septiembre de 2023 hasta Mayo de 2024, donde en cada uno de los 5 lugares estudiados se recolectaron 16 muestras. Fueron 20 muestras en las cuales se obtuvieron resultados positivos. Del total muestreado fue posible observar al menos 5 géneros parasitarios, con frecuencias de: Trichuris spp (12,5%), Strongyloides spp (6,25%), Capillaria spp (3,75%), Ancylostoma spp (1,25%) y Eimeria spp (1,25%). Todos los géneros identificados presentan un potencial zoonótico y, por lo tanto, afectan la salud pública. Es crucial reconocer que la salud animal es un componente esencial para mejorar la salud pública. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que los médicos veterinarios, organismos e instituciones responsables continúen promoviendo espacios de diálogo y educación entre la población, con el objetivo de que estas frecuencias disminuyan en espacios públicos.The purpose of the following research was to describe the intestinal parasites that
were found in canine feces collected in parks and squares in Osorno, Chile and which of them turned out to be zoonotic with a high relevance to the public health. There was a total of 80 samples analyzed by coproparasitology analysis in this study between September 2023 and May 2024, where 16 samples were collected in each of the 5 places studied. There were 20 samples in which positive results were obtained. Of the total sample it was possible to observe at least 5 parasitic genera, with frequencies of: Trichuris spp (12.5%), Strongyloides spp (6.25%), Capillaria spp (3.75%), Ancylostoma spp (1.25%) and Eimeria spp (1.25%). All identified genera have zoonotic potential and, therefore, could affect public health. It is crucial to recognize that animal health is an essential component of improving public health. Therefore, it is recommended that veterinarians and the responsible organizations and institutions continue promoting spaces for dialogue and education among the population, with the aim of reducing these frequencies in the future in public sites
In situ studies of reversible solid-gas reactions of ethylene responsive silver pyrazolates
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Solid-gas reactions and in situ powder X-ray diffraction investigations of trinuclear silver complexes {[3,4,5-(CF 3) 3Pz]Ag} 3 and {[4-Br-3,5-(CF 3) 2Pz]Ag} 3 supported by highly fluorinated pyrazolates reveal that they undergo intricate ethylene-triggered structural transformations in the solid-state producing dinuclear silver-ethylene adducts. Despite the complexity, the chemistry is reversible producing precursor trimers with the loss of ethylene. Less reactive {[3,5-(CF 3) 2Pz]Ag} 3 under ethylene pressure and low-temperature conditions stops at an unusual silver-ethylene complex in the trinuclear state, which could serve as a model for intermediates likely present in more common trimer-dimer reorganizations described above. Complete structural data of three novel silver-ethylene complexes are presented together with a thorough computational analysis of the mechanism