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Self-efficacy of physical education teachers in Chile regarding the inclusion of children and adolescents with disabilities in school settings.
No full textPublisher Copyright: © JPES.In Chile, over the past 8 years, significant strides have been made in public policies regarding the inclusion of children with disabilities (CWD) in the education sector, aligning with the objectives of sustainable development by 2030 and the "Education for All" agreement from Kazan 2015. Particularly in physical education, these policies draw heavily from the principles outlined in the 2023 Baku agreement on "Quality Physical Education," which underscores the multifaceted benefits of physical activity on social, cognitive, and educational levels. Consequently, there is a need to develop training programs for physical education teachers (PET) to facilitate the inclusion process. The objectives of the study were to identify the levels of self-efficacy of Physical Education Teachers in Chile to include children with disabilities in the school and analyze the variables of training in inclusion (PT) and previous contact (PC) in the modification of the perception of self-efficacy. A total of 559 teachers of the Chile participated, and the Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teachers towards Students with Disabilities was applied. The results for self-efficacy were median and high confidence, indicating differences in favor of PC in Women p<.001, η²=.06, Men p<.001, η²=.02, and Overall p<.001, η²=.03 and PT in Women p<.001, η²=.05, Men p<.001, η²=.05, and Overall p<.001, η²=.05. It is also observed It is also observed that there is better self-efficacy for those who had PC and PT p<.001 η²=.12 in Overall. It can be concluded that PT and PC influence the self-efficacy perception of physical education teachers
Sporothrix brasiliensis en gatos: ¿enfermedad emergente?, métodos diagnósticos : revisión bibliográfica
Get PDFSporothrix brasiliensis, es el hongo responsable de la esporotricosis felina. Zoonosis de la que se tiene el primer registro de contagio a un humano en el año 1952, no es hasta el 2007 que se identifica a Sporothrix brasiliensis como el agente etiológico de la enfermedad. Brasil es el país con mayor tasa de contagio, con su primer caso reportado en 1955 con casos esporádicos hasta los 90. Entre 1998 y 2017 se registraron 5.113 casos en Rio de Janeiro. En los últimos años se ha expandido el hongo a otras regiones del continente como por ejemplo Argentina, Uruguay y Chile; un factor determinante podría ser el cambio climático. Tener un diagnóstico certero es la clave para el tratamiento a elección. Es por ello, que resulta fundamental describir los métodos diagnósticos los que habitualmente se basan en la clínica, epidemiologia y exámenes de laboratorio, entre ellos se encuentra el cultivo, histología, inmunología y molecular. PCR, PCR en tiempo real, PCR anidado y ELISA son los que presentan mayor sensibilidad (SE) y especificidad (ES) en comparación al Gold Estándar que es el cultivo. Estudios han mostrado que los lugares con mayor prevalencia en Brasil son los de estratos socioeconómicos más bajos y más que eso son los gatos con tenencia outdoor los responsables de la disipación. Actualmente considerada una enfermedad emergente por numerosos autores, Sporothrix brasiliensis ha traspasado las fronteras de América del Sur. Se define una enfermedad emergente como aquella que aparece por primera vez o que aumenta su incidencia, virulencia, resistencia o distribución geográfica, en esta revisión se concluyo que en Chile si reúne las características para ser catalogada como tal.Sporothrix brasiliensis is the fungus responsible for feline sporotrichosis. Zoonoses of which there is the first record of contagion to a human in 1952, it was not until 2007 that Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified as the etiological agent of the disease. Brazil is the country with the highest infection rate, with its first case reported in 1955 with sporadic cases up to the age of 90. Between 1998 and 2017, 5,113 cases were recorded in Rio de Janeiro. In recent years the fungus has expanded to other regions of the continent such as Argentina, Uruguay and Chile; a determining factor could be climate change. Having an accurate diagnosis is the key to the treatment of choice. For this reason, it is essential to describe the diagnostic methods, which are usually based on clinical, epidemiology and laboratory tests, among them are culture, histology, immunology and molecular. PCR, real-time PCR, nested PCR and ELISA are those that present greater sensitivity (SE) and specificity (ES) compared to the Gold Standard, which is culture. Studies have shown that the places with the highest prevalence in Brazil are those of lower socioeconomic strata and more than that, it is cats with outdoor ownership that are responsible for the dissipation. Currently considered an emerging disease by numerous authors, Sporothrix brasiliensis has crossed the borders of South America. An emerging disease is defined as one that appears for the first time or that increases its incidence, virulence, resistance or geographical distribution. In this review it was concluded that in Chile it does meet the characteristics to be classified as such
Inflación en desarrollo inmobiliario: un análisis por serie de tiempo sobre variables incidentales sobre los costos edificatorios en Chile
No full textUna de las consecuencias de la pandemia y su postpandemia fue un proceso inflacionario a nivel mundial, y de características multiescalares, donde la producción de bienes y sus consecuencias en los precios de la construcción en Chile han experimentado fluctuaciones difíciles de predecir, afectando severamente emprendimientos en esta materia de distinta naturaleza, pública y privada, de grandes empresas o pequeñas iniciativas públicas. Por otro lado, la creciente demanda de viviendas en medio de la crisis habitacional en Chile enfrenta también el problema del aumento en los precios de los materiales. Ante este escenario, resulta relevante generar un ecosistema de modelos predictivos de los costos de construcción que tengan en cuenta los factores externos que inciden en el costo de construcción y, por ende, en el precio de las nuevas viviendas y las infraestructuras públicas. Este estudio aporta a desarrollar este ecosistema mediante el de un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para identificar los factores predictivos que influyen en el costo de construcción en Chile, particularmente explorando la influencia de variables macroeconómicas sobre los costos de construcción a partir de identificar un set de variables incidentales que no siempre son consideradas para este tipo de análisis y que involucran fundamentales provenientes de sectores distintos al de la construcción. Los resultados metodológicos permiten ensayar modelos predictivos con buen nivel de significancia estadística, además de identificar con claridad esos factores externos que inciden sobre el precio de los materiales de la construcción
Conocimiento de la Ley 21.020 sobre tenencia responsable de mascotas y animales de compañía en tutores de pacientes atendidos en un hospital clínico veterinario universitario de Concepción, Chile
Get PDFAlrededor del mundo, los animales vagos son un tema de salud pública importante, que afecta a las personas, animales silvestres y domésticos además del medio ambiente, muchos de estos están relacionados con la tenencia responsable de sus tenedores. En Chile, el 30 de Julio del año 2017 se promulgó la ley N°21.020, sobre tenencia responsable de mascotas y animales de compañía, con el objeto de que el país disponga de un marco regulatorio sobre el cuidado y bienestar de las mascotas. Luego de 7 años, nace la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuál es el grado de conocimiento que se tiene de esta ley? Objetivos: Determinar niveles de conocimiento de la ley N°21.020, en los tutores de los pacientes del Hospital Clínico Veterinario (HCV) de la Universidad San Sebastián. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo exploratorio, a través de una encuesta basada en el reglamento de la ley Nº21.020, con una población muestral de 268 personas, quienes atienden a sus mascotas en el HCV de la Universidad San Sebastián, sede Concepción, entre los meses de marzo a junio del año 2024. Resultados: Mediante un análisis estadístico con la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov se logró determinar un alto grado de conocimiento de la Ley 21.020 en los encuestados.Around the world, stray animals are an important public health issue, affecting people, wild and domestic animals as well as the environment, many of these are related to the responsible ownership of their keepers. In Chile, on July 30, 2017, Law N°21.020, on responsible pet and companion animal ownership was enacted, with the purpose of providing the country with a regulatory framework on the care and welfare of pets. After 7 years, the following question arises: What is the degree of knowledge of this law? Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge of the law N°21.020, in the guardians of the patients of the Clinical Veterinary Hospital (HCV) of the San Sebastian University. Materials and methods: An exploratory study was carried out by means of a survey based on the regulation of the law Nº21.020, with a sample population of 268 people, who attend their pets at the HCV of the Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, between the months of March and June 2024. Results: Through a statistical analysis with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it was possible to determine a high degree of knowledge of Law 21.020 in the respondents
Synthesis of Nanoparticles: A comprehensive review on green synthesis of nanoparticles with a focus on Prosopis farcta plant extracts and biomedical applications : Sintesis de nanoparticulas: Un review extenso sobre la sintesis de nanoparticulas con foco en extractos de la planta Prosopis farcta y sus aplicaciones biomedicas
No full textMedio Yamanaka con buffer citrato permite producir con alto rendimiento nanocelulosa bacteriana en cultivo estático utilizando cepas de Komagataeibacter aisladas desde vinagre de sidra de manzana
No full textPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 Núñez, Oyarzún, Cáceres, Elgueta and Gamboa.Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a sustainable, renewable, and eco-friendly nanomaterial, which has gained great attentions in both academic and industrial fields. Two bacterial nanocellulose-producing strains (CVV and CVN) were isolated from apple vinegar sources, presenting high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96%–98%) with Komagataeibacter species. The biofilm was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing the presence of rod-shaped bacteria intricately embedded in the polymeric matrix composed of nanofibers of bacterial nanocellulose. FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern additionally confirmed the characteristic chemical structure associated with this material. The yields and productivities achieved during 10 days of fermentation were compared with Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 53524, resulting in low levels of BNC production. However, a remarkable increase in the BNC yield was achieved for CVV (690% increase) and CVN (750% increase) strains at day 6 of the fermentation upon adding 22 mM citrate buffer into the medium. This effect is mainly attributed to the buffering capacity of the modified Yakamana medium, which allowed to maintain pH close to 4.0 until day 6, though in combination with additional factors including stimulation of the gluconeogenesis pathway and citrate assimilation as a carbon source. In addition, the productivities determined for both isolated strains (0.850 and 0.917 g L−1 d−1) compare favorably to previous works, supporting current efforts to improve fermentation performance in static cultures and the feasibility of scaling-up BNC production in these systems
Relación entre el índice de masa corporal y las habilidades de locomoción en escolares de primaria
No full textEl Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) es un indicador ampliamente utilizado en poblaciones pediátricas. Estudios vinculan un IMC alto con menor coordinación motora y riesgo de sobrepeso en niños. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relacionar el IMC con las habilidades de locomoción (HL) en escolares de ambos sexos de un colegio estatal de Chile. Participaron 70 escolares (35 niños y 35 niñas) con una edad promedio de 10.1±0.37 años pertenecientes a colegios municipales. Se evaluó el peso y estatura con el objetivo de calcular el IMC categorizando por medio de las directrices internacionales para niños y adolescentes, por otra parte, se evaluó las HL por medio del test TGMD-2. Se utilizó la prueba T de student para comparación entre sexos y la prueba de correlación de Pearson para la relación entre las variables de estudio. Hubo correlación negativa entre el IMC con las HL en ambos sexos. En niños fue de -0,24 (p< 0,05) y en niñas fue de -0,16 (p< 0,05). Los niños de ambos sexos, mostraron mejor rendimiento en las HL cuando fueron categorizado con normopeso en comparación con los de exceso de peso (EP) (
IS INFORMED CONSENT UNDERSTOOD BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO PARTICIPATE IN RESEARCH? A NARRATIVE REVIEW
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, Escuela de Enfermeria Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND. Informed Consent (IC) is one of the requirements of human subjects research to guarantee respect for people and their autonomous and informed decisions. Its purpose is to inform research participants of the relevant aspects of the study to ensure voluntary participation. AIM. To identify, in light of empirical research, whether university students understand the information contained in the document of IC to ensure their voluntary and informed participation in research. METHODOLOGY. Narrative literature review using Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed databases, with search terms such as coercion, comprehension, empiric research, ethical issues, ethical research, students, human subjects, informed consent, students as research participants, and vulnerable population, in October 2023. RESULTS. 8 articles were selected. The results showed that students do not read the IC document or do not understand its contents, even though they agree to participate in the research. This is evident based on the incomplete or incorrect answers to questions related to content of the IC, and the time that students took to read the document before signing it, agreeing to participate in the study. CONCLUSIONS. University students often agree to participate in research without reading or understanding the IC. There is little evidence from empirical research on this topic. Although possible variables that can be associated with this behavior have been raised, it is necessary to conduct studies to discover why students agree to participate in a study even when they do not read or understand the IC. Some recommendations are proposed to resolve this question based on the evidence found
Observación y proyección de olas de calor marinas en el Mar Caribe a partir de modelos CMIP6
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.In recent decades, climate change has led to ocean warming, causing more frequent extreme events such as marine heatwaves (MHWs), which have been understudied in the Caribbean Sea. This study addresses this gap using 30 years of daily sea surface temperature (SST) data, complemented by projections for the 21st century from nineteen Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. In the 1983–2012 period, significant trends were observed in the spatially averaged MHWs frequency (1.32 annual events per decade and node) and mean duration (1.47 ± 0.29 days per decade) but not in mean intensity. In addition, MHWs show large monthly variations in these metrics, modulated by interannual and seasonal changes. MHWs seasonality is different in the three used metrics, being more intense and frequent in warm and rainy months (intensity between 1.01 to 1.11 °C, duration 6.79 to 7.13 days) and longer lasting in late boreal winter (intensity between 0.82 to 1.00 °C, duration 7.50 to 8.31 days). The MHWs behavior from two extreme months show that these events can occur in both small and large areas in the Caribbean. Overall, models tend to underestimate the annually averaged MHWs frequency and intensity, while they overestimate duration when compared to observations. MHWs projections are more extreme under SSP585, as they are sensible to the radiational scenario. However, an increase in MHWs intensity and duration (events lasting as much as 154 days by 2100) is expected, driving a decrease in frequency (–37.39 events per decade under SSP585 by 2100). These projections imply that MHWs conditions at the beginning of the century will be nearly permanent in the Caribbean’s future. Nonetheless, caution is advised in interpreting these projections due to differences between models’ simulations and observed data. While advancements in oceanic models within CMIP6 demonstrate progress compared to previous CMIP initiatives, challenges persist in accurately simulating extreme events such as marine heatwaves
Cochlear dysfunction as an early biomarker of cognitive decline in normal hearing and mild hearing loss
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.INTRODUCTION: Age-related hearing loss is an important risk factor for cognitive decline. However, audiogram thresholds are not good estimators of dementia risk in subjects with normal hearing or mild hearing loss. Here we propose to use distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) as an objective and sensitive tool to estimate the risk of cognitive decline in older adults with normal hearing or mild hearing loss. METHODS: We assessed neuropsychological, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and auditory analyses on 94 subjects > 64 years of age. RESULTS: We found that cochlear dysfunction, measured by DPOAEs—and not by conventional audiometry—was associated with Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SoB) classification and brain atrophy in the group with mild hearing loss (25 to 40 dB) and normal hearing (<25 dB). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that DPOAEs may be a non-invasive tool for detecting neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in the older adults, potentially allowing for early intervention