Institutional Repository Universidad San Sebastián
Not a member yet
9206 research outputs found
Sort by
A global comparative analysis of the criteria and equity considerations included in eighty-six national COVID-19 plans
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023Systematic priority setting (PS), based on explicit criteria, is thought to improve the quality and consistency of the PS decisions. Among the PS criteria, there is increased focus on the importance of equity considerations and vulnerable populations. This paper discusses the PS criteria that were included in the national COVID-19 pandemic plans, with specific focus on equity and on the vulnerable populations considered. Secondary synthesis of data, from a global comparative study that examined the degree to which the COVID-19 plans included PS, was conducted. Only 32 % of the plans identified explicit criteria. Severity of the disease and/or disease burden were the commonly mentioned criteria. With regards to equity considerations and prioritizing vulnerable populations, 22 countries identified people with co-morbidities others mentioned children, women etc. Low social-economic status and internally displaced population were not identified in any of the reviewed national plans. The limited inclusion of explicit criteria and equity considerations highlight a need for policy makers, in all contexts, to consider instituting and equipping PS institutions who can engage diverse stakeholders in identifying the relevant PS criteria during the post pandemic period. While vulnerability will vary with the type of health emergency- awareness of this and having mechanisms for identifying and prioritizing the most vulnerable will support equitable pandemic responses
El acoplamiento metabólico entre axones y oligodendrocitos es mediado por el K+ extracelular y mantiene la salud axonal
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.The integrity of myelinated axons relies on homeostatic support from oligodendrocytes (OLs). To determine how OLs detect axonal spiking and how rapid axon–OL metabolic coupling is regulated in the white matter, we studied activity-dependent calcium (Ca2+) and metabolite fluxes in the mouse optic nerve. We show that fast axonal spiking triggers Ca2+ signaling and glycolysis in OLs. OLs detect axonal activity through increases in extracellular potassium (K+) concentrations and activation of Kir4.1 channels, thereby regulating metabolite supply to axons. Both pharmacological inhibition and OL-specific inactivation of Kir4.1 reduce the activity-induced axonal lactate surge. Mice lacking oligodendroglial Kir4.1 exhibit lower resting lactate levels and altered glucose metabolism in axons. These early deficits in axonal energy metabolism are associated with late-onset axonopathy. Our findings reveal that OLs detect fast axonal spiking through K+ signaling, making acute metabolic coupling possible and adjusting the axon–OL metabolic unit to promote axonal health.The integrity of myelinated axons relies on homeostatic support from oligodendrocytes (OLs). To determine how OLs detect axonal spiking and how rapid axon–OL metabolic coupling is regulated in the white matter, we studied activity-dependent calcium (Ca2+) and metabolite fluxes in the mouse optic nerve. We show that fast axonal spiking triggers Ca2+ signaling and glycolysis in OLs. OLs detect axonal activity through increases in extracellular potassium (K+) concentrations and activation of Kir4.1 channels, thereby regulating metabolite supply to axons. Both pharmacological inhibition and OL-specific inactivation of Kir4.1 reduce the activity-induced axonal lactate surge. Mice lacking oligodendroglial Kir4.1 exhibit lower resting lactate levels and altered glucose metabolism in axons. These early deficits in axonal energy metabolism are associated with late-onset axonopathy. Our findings reveal that OLs detect fast axonal spiking through K+ signaling, making acute metabolic coupling possible and adjusting the axon–OL metabolic unit to promote axonal health
Taninos condensados de corteza de Pinus radiata: Extracción y preparación de nanopartículas en agua utilizando métodos verdes
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Elsevier B.V.This work reports for the first time the production of condensed tannin nanoparticles stable in water via modification with glycine betaine. Pine bark, as a byproduct from the paper industry, was used as a source of condensed tannins of high molecular weight. Different glycine betaine concentrations were tested to produce condensed tannin nanoparticles, and the obtained nanoparticles were subjected to several characterization techniques (Dynamic Light Scattering, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated total reflectance, thermogravimetric analysis). The results showed that the highest stability possessed nanoparticles with 40 wt% glycine betaine. The average particle size distribution evaluated by scanning microscopy was 124 nm. Besides, the glycine betaine-modified condensed tannin nanoparticles demonstrated higher thermal stability with the starting degradation temperature at 238 °C. Finally, obtained nanoparticles showed an antioxidant capacity of 34,209 ± 2194 μmol ET/100 g and low cytotoxicity towards healthy human cells, representing the high potential to be used as a carrier of active compounds in agriculture, food, drug and medical sector
Effect of chronic exogenous oxytocin administration on exercise performance and cardiovagal control in hypobaric hypoxia in rats
Get PDFPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Outstanding exercise performance has been associated with an exacerbated vagal outflow. Nevertheless, during high-altitude hypobaric-hypoxia (HH), there is a baroreflex-dependent parasympathetic withdrawal and exercise performance deterioration. Notably, vagal control is pivotal in exercise performance, and exogenous oxytocin (OXY) administration has been shown to enhance parasympathetic drive; however, no evidence shows their role in exercise performance during HH. Then, this study aimed to examine the effect of prolonged exogenous oxytocin (OXY) administration on exercise performance during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in rats. Results: A vehicle group (n = 6) and an OXY group (n = 6) performed incremental exercise and baroreflex tests during both normobaric normoxia (NN) and HH (PO2: 100 mmHg, simulated 3,500 m) prior (pre-) and after (post-) 14 days of administration. The results showed that at pre-, there were no significant differences in exercise performance between the two groups, while at post-, the OXY group exhibited similar performance between NN and HH, while the Vehicle group maintained a significant decline in performance at HH compared to NN. At post-, the Vehicle group also demonstrated a reset in the baroreflex and a worse bradycardic response in HH, which was reversed in the OXY group, while the hypoxic ventilatory response was similar in both groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest prolonged OXY administration prevents impaired exercise performance and vagal control during short-term HH
Análisis de las percepciones de los docentes de educación básica y educación diferencial sobre la incorporación de estrategias de las neurociencias en las prácticas pedagógicas
Get PDFPedagogía en Educación Diferencial, Licenciado en EducaciónLa presente investigación tiene como objetivo general comparar las diferencias en la aplicación de las neurociencias en las prácticas pedagógicas de los profesores/as de educación básica y educación diferencial en escuelas regulares y especiales. En esta investigación se utilizó un diseño no experimental transversal, dado que se seleccionaron escuelas especificas las cuales cumplían con criterios relevantes para el estudio: escuelas municipales y subvencionadas de la región Metropolitana (Ñuñoa, Quilicura y Recoleta, docentes del género femenino y que cumplan con un rango de 2 a 35 años de servicio. Los resultados fueron analizados a través de un enfoque cualitativo para obtener las percepciones de las docentes sobre estrategias basadas en neurociencias. Para esto, fueron aplicadas entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de educación básica y diferencial de primer y segundo ciclo en las comunas de Ñuñoa, Quilicura y Recoleta, las cuales evidenciaron que, dentro de las principales percepciones de las entrevistadas, se destaca que es un tema relativamente nuevo dentro del contexto educativo y que la incorporación de neurociencias en sus prácticas pedagógicas es limitada, consecuencia de esto, existe un bajo interés por introducir estrategias basadas en las neurociencias y por adquirir un mayor conocimiento sobre ellas.The present research aimed to compare the differences in the application of neuroscience in the pedagogical practices of elementary education and special education teachers in regular and special schools. A non-experimental cross-sectional design was used for this study, selecting specific schools that met relevant criteria: municipal and subsidized schools in the Metropolitan Region (Ñuñoa, Quilicura, and Recoleta), female teachers with 2 to 35 years of service. The results were analyzed using a qualitative approach to capture the teachers' perceptions of neuroscience-based strategies. To achieve this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with elementary and special education teachers from the first and second educational cycles in the communes of Ñuñoa, Quilicura, and Recoleta. The findings showed that, within the main perceptions of the interviewees, it stands out that this is a relatively new topic in the educational context, and the incorporation of neuroscience into their teaching practices is limited. As a result, there is a low interest in introducing strategies based on neuroscience and in acquiring more knowledge about them
A New Generalized Multisource Inverter for Electric Vehicles Controlled by Model Predictive
No full textPublisher Copyright: IEEEA multisource inverter comprises multiple dc sources in the input that can be combined with varying voltage levels to operate under different loads and reduce the battery capacity requirements of electric vehicles. This article introduces a generalized topology for multisource inverters (MSIs) aimed at reducing the number of power electronics switches, lowering voltage stress on power switches, and minimizing the battery size. A dual-source inverter, based on the proposed generalized configuration, can generate four combinations that reduce the battery size of electric vehicles (EVs) while minimizing power losses. To harness the advantages of model predictive control, the proposed dual-source traction inverter is controlled using this method. The feasibility of the proposed approach is validated through simulation results, which demonstrate its suitability as a drive for an electric motor. The outcomes indicate that model predictive control is a viable alternative for such applications, offering simplicity, high performance, and low harmonic content. Furthermore, experimental results for a static load are presented to verify the correct operation of the proposed system
Neuron Parvum Fluorescens, a Term with Anglo-Greco-Latin Influence. A Proposal to Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The authors.Terminologies are used as a linguistic tool to convey knowledge in a precise and unambiguous manner in science. The guidelines of the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT) state that the names given to structures should be both descriptive and informative. This study analyses the linguistic roots of the term Neuron parvum valde fluorescens in Terminologia Histologica and the term Neuron parvum fluorescens in Terminologia Neuroanatomica. Small intensely fluorescent cells are neurons found in the autonomic nervous system, distributed in the sympathetic ganglia, they have afferent synapses with preganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals and efferent synapses with the dendrites of postganglionic neurons, whose function is to regulate ganglionic transmission, acting as interneurons with paracrine and endocrine signalling. They are also characterized as fluorescent cells, producing the catecholamines: serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. A search was carried out in Terminologia Histologica and Terminologia Neuroanatomica, with a translation of the terms into Spanish. This was complemented by a search in an English etymological dictionary for the corresponding terms. This research found a difference between the Latin to English translation of the term fluorescens, which has a very different etymological origin to its English meaning. The term Neuron parvum valde fluorescens in Terminologia Histologica and the term Neuron parvum fluorescens in Terminologia Neuroanatomica identify the same structure. The proposal is to replace both terms with Cateconeuron ganglionare, thus affording an accurate description of this type of neuron, considering its location and function. Moreover, it would also be a concordant term in Latin for its incorporation into the Terminologia Neuroanatomica and Terminologia Histologica
Estudio del proceso en psicoterapia con un paciente con trastorno límite de la personalidad
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Universidad CES. All rights reserved.The aim of the study is to describe the therapeutic process and identify the therapeutic foci in psychoanalytic psychotherapy sessions with a patient with borderline personality disorder (BPD). A mixed and longitudinal approach was used, based on Systematic Case Study. The Psychotherapy Process Q set (PQS) was used to characterize and describe the therapeutic process. The Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) identified the therapeutic focus of the sessions and established the psychodynamic diagnosis. The results showed changes in structure and strengthening in two structural functions: impulse management regulation and differentiation of ego objects. The OPD pointed out work was directed at structure, concluding that a greater therapeutic focus on structure seems to be more appropriate for these patients. The study shows that the integration of these two methods sheds light on what happens in the treatment, what the mental states and the priority issues are, and how the therapeutic work is focused, as well as its relationship with the basic structure
Un cambio de paradigma en la arquitectura escolar: Espacios flexibles en escuelas rurales
No full textLa integración de la flexibilidad en los espacios educativos nace de la necesidad de adaptación del entorno físico de aprendizaje ante los requerimientos de la transformación pedagógica del siglo XXI. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar espacios educativos de pequeña escala que se declaran, desde la institucionalidad, alineados con el cambio de paradigma educacional. A partir del desarrollo de una metodología de análisis que evalúa las intenciones arquitectónicas que contribuyen a la flexibilidad de uso y a la flexibilidad espacial, los resultados indicaron que la integración de criterios de diseño ha sido eficiente en los ámbitos de proporción espacial, multifuncionalidad de uso y convertibilidad de los recintos. Sin embargo, se desprende que sería necesario avanzar en la integración de mobiliario y elementos flexibles para promover la adaptación del espacio. Finalmente, se discute la importancia de continuar investigando los aspectos del diseño y en la ocupación de espacios educativos que apoyar los enfoques didácticos emergentes
Optimal integrating inverter-based PVs with inherent DSTATCOM functionality for reliability and security improvement at seasonal uncertainty
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023 International Solar Energy SocietyPhotovoltaic (PV) generation systems have become popular renewable energy alternatives for facing climate changes and for promoting energy transition. During the low/absence of PV output power, the addition of distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) functionality to PV inverters represents an important target for maximizing the benefits from inverter capacity. The novelty of this present work is improving the reliability and security indices of the distribution network using an optimal integration of inverter-based PVs without and with their inherent DSTATCOM functionality under uncertain load demand and PV output power. A wide evaluation of reliability performance indices including the load-oriented and customer-oriented reliability indices in addition to the network security-index (NSI) is investigated. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and the scenario-based reduction (SBR) methods are implemented for predicting the stochastic behavior of different uncertainty sources. The IEEE 33-bus test network is used for verifying the superiority of the proposed method by considering various seasonal loading. In addition, the impacts of protective devices installation as well as the linear failure rate of feeders on the reliability indices are addressed. The results and comparisons show superior enhancement of reliability and security indices of distribution test network using inverter-based PVs with their enabled DSTATCOM functionality