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Complicaciones en instalación y manejo del catéter percutáneo en neonatología: revisión de la literatura en el mundo, 2014-2024
Get PDFIntroducción: El catéter percutáneo se indica en neonatología para la administración de
fármacos endovenosos de larga data cómo, por ejemplo, antibióticos y antimicóticos; así
también para medicamentos con contenido hiperosmolar o irritables para catéteres
periféricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las principales complicaciones en la
instalación y manejo del percutáneo en neonatología en países del mundo según la literatura publicada entre los años 2014-2024. Metodología: Revisión narrativa. Se
utilizaron las bases de datos: PubMed, Scielo y Scopus. La búsqueda se realizó con los
siguientes términos Decs en español/ingles: “Cateterismo Venoso Central”, “Cateterismo
Periférico”, “Neonatología”, “Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres”, “Obstrucción del
Catéter”, “Flebitis”, “Extravasación de materiales terapéuticos y diagnósticos”, “Errores
médicos”, Operadores booleanos “AND” y “OR”. Resultados: se seleccionaron 10 artículos. Las principales complicaciones asociadas a la instalación del catéter percutáneo es la multipunción y la mala posición de la punta del catéter. Las complicaciones durante el manejo son las infecciones al torrente sanguíneo, flebitis, obstrucción y extravasación. Conclusión: El catéter percutáneo es un dispositivo muy importante en el tratamiento de la patología neonatal. Sin embargo, su uso no está exento de riesgo. La infección del torrente sanguíneo es una de las complicaciones mas frecuentes. Se deben implementar protocolos para la prevención de los eventos adversos asociados a la instalación y manejo de este tipo de catéteres.Introduction: The percutaneous catheter is indicated in neonatology for the administration of long-term intravenous drugs such as antibiotics and antifungals, as well as for medications with hyperosmolar or irritating content for peripheral catheters. The objective of this study was to analyze the main complications in the insertion and management of percutaneous catheters in neonatology worldwide, based on literature published between 2014 and 2024. Methodology: Narrative review. The databases used were PubMed, Scielo, and Scopus. The search included the following Decs terms in Spanish/English: "Central Venous Catheterization," "Peripheral Catheterization," "Neonatology," "Catheter-Related Infections," "Catheter Obstruction," "Phlebitis," "Extravasation of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Materials," and "Medical Errors," combined with Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." Results: Ten articles were selected. The main complications associated with percutaneous catheter insertion include multiple punctures and improper catheter tip positioning. The complications during management include bloodstream infections, phlebitis, obstruction, and extravasation. Conclusion: The percutaneous catheter is a critical device in the treatment of neonatal pathologies. However, its use is not risk-free. Bloodstream infections are among the most frequent complications. Protocols must be implemented to prevent adverse events related to the insertion and management of this type of catheter
Algoritmos mejorados de selección de red para entornos IoT domésticos con sistemas híbridos VLC/RF
No full textPublisher Copyright: AuthorsThe impending scarcity of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum has led to a boom in the development of complementary technologies such as visible light communication (VLC). Hybrid systems that complement both technologies have demonstrated numerous advantages in terms of data rate, bandwidth, and security. However, the successful operation of a hybrid VLC/RF network is highly dependent on the network selection process. In this paper, three network selection algorithms are proposed for hybrid VLC/RF systems in an indoor Internet of things (IoT)-home scenario. The proposed algorithms consider the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the available capacity of each network, the number of devices connected to each network, and the users’ location within the scenario. Each algorithm analyzes the data load requirements of each mobile terminal and IoT device according to these metrics. Based on this evaluation, the network that offers the best benefit in terms of signal quality, capacity, and throughput is selected. The numerical results show that the VLC network presents higher SNR values, especially for users near its access points. In addition, a higher bandwidth, a higher connection capacity, and an improvement in the quality of service are perceived from these positions. The three proposed selection algorithms presented good overall performance of the hybrid system, with the Analytical Algorithm offering the best performance for connected users, superior to the Sequential Algorithm by an average of 15.9%. The network selection algorithms efficiently allocated the maximum number of users for the VLC network, improving overall system performance and reducing the RF network data load.The impending scarcity of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum has led to a boom in the development of complementary technologies such as visible light communication (VLC). Hybrid systems that complement both technologies have demonstrated numerous advantages in terms of data rate, bandwidth, and security. However, the successful operation of a hybrid VLC/RF network is highly dependent on the network selection process. In this paper, three network selection algorithms are proposed for hybrid VLC/RF systems in an indoor Internet of things (IoT)-home scenario. The proposed algorithms consider the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR), the available capacity of each network, the number of devices connected to each network, and the users’ location within the scenario. Each algorithm analyzes the data load requirements of each mobile terminal and IoT device according to these metrics. Based on this evaluation, the network that offers the best benefit in terms of signal quality, capacity, and throughput is selected. The numerical results show that the VLC network presents higher SNR values, especially for users near its access points. In addition, a higher bandwidth, a higher connection capacity, and an improvement in the quality of service are perceived from these positions. The three proposed selection algorithms presented good overall performance of the hybrid system, with the Analytical Algorithm offering the best performance for connected users, superior to the Sequential Algorithm by an average of 15.9%. The network selection algorithms efficiently allocated the maximum number of users for the VLC network, improving overall system performance and reducing the RF network data load
Gender and self-regulation in students
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024; Los autores.Introduction: the literature states the importance of self-regulation and gender in school contexts. Therefore, it is necessary to review the published evidence on how the two variables interact. Objective: to describe research that addresses the variables gender and self-regulation in school contexts. Methods: a review was carried out using the PRISMA method, searching three databases, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and SciELO in July 2023, considering studies in early childhood, primary and secondary school contexts. Results: nineteen out of 94 articles identified were analyzed. All of these are quantitative and mostly explanatory. The reported results indicate that female students showed higher levels of self-regulation than male students There are clear differences in results across cultures, and gender is used as a predictor and moderator of self-regulation and other variables. On the language used to refer to gender, 17 publications were found that use terms referring to biological rather than gender differences. Conclusions: the results show the importance of the gender variable on self-regulation when used as a predictor and moderating variable. The need to take care with the language used to refer to gender and to justify the reasons for collecting data on this variable is evident, for the respective interpretations of the studies
Un marco simplificado para integrar bases de datos con modelado de información de construcción para la evaluación energética de edificios en zonas multiclimáticas
No full textLos modelos BIM rara vez se utilizan para la certificación energética de edificios. Este artículo analiza las ventajas de vincular dos campos importantes: el modelado de información de construcción (BIM) y los métodos de evaluación ambiental de la construcción (BEAM), presentados como un sistema de calificación y una propuesta para el contexto chileno. Se analiza el estado del arte en ambos campos en todo el mundo, con un examen en profundidad del software BIM actual y las aplicaciones relacionadas, seguido de una discusión sobre investigaciones previas sobre su integración. Se encontró una falta de interoperabilidad y pérdidas de datos entre BIM y BEM. Se presenta una nueva herramienta que aborda estos desafíos para garantizar datos precisos del sistema de calificación, y este nuevo marco se basa en el intercambio de bases de datos y lleva información crucial de las plataformas BIM a BEAM. El desarrollo del método incluye programación BIM (API), enlaces a bases de datos y hojas de cálculo para la certificación energética de un edificio chileno a través de una nueva herramienta, aplicable también a zonas multiclimáticas. Esta nueva herramienta semiautomática permite a los arquitectos modelar su diseño en una plataforma BIM y utilizar esta información como insumo para el proceso de certificación energética. Se discuten el potencial y los riesgos de este método. Se encontraron varias mejoras y mejoras del proceso de certificación energética al incorporar este nuevo marco en comparación con las metodologías actuales
Metal Ions Can Modulate the Self-Assembly and Activity of Catalytic Peptide Amyloids
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 American Chemical Society.Rational design of peptides has become a powerful tool to produce self-assembled nanostructures with the ability to catalyze different chemical reactions, paving the way to develop minimalistic enzyme-like nanomaterials. Catalytic amyloid-like assemblies have emerged among the most versatile and active, but they often require additional factors for activity. Elucidating how these factors influence the structure and activity is key for the design. Here, we showed that biologically relevant metal ions can guide and modulate the self-assembly of a small peptide into diverse amyloid architectures. The morphology and catalytic activity of the resulting fibrils were tuned by the specific metal ion decorating the surface, whereas X-ray structural analysis of the amyloids showed ion-dependent shape sizes. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the metals can strongly affect the local conformational space, which can trigger major rearrangements of the fibrils. Our results demonstrate that the conformational landscape of catalytic amyloids is broad and tunable by external factors, which can be critical for future design strategies
Factores sociodemográficos y su asociación en el deterioro cognitivo de las personas mayores perteneciente al Servicio de Salud Talcahuano, en el año 2023
No full textEnfermería, Licenciado en EnfermeríaEl envejecimiento es un proceso que abarca muchas dimensiones, en el que influyen la salud y el poder mantener una autonomía, la que tiene que ver con factores sociales y demográficos. Hay distintas opiniones de lo que implica un envejecimiento exitoso, la Organización Mundial de la Salud y otras organizaciones internacionales llevan décadas promoviendo el envejecimiento saludable, pero no es la realidad para muchas personas mayores, ya que hay un alto porcentaje que padece de deterioro cognitivo que evidencian limitaciones en distintos aspectos de sus habilidades físico, emocional y social, esto, además trae una disminución de la autonomía en el desempeño de actividades de la vida diaria. El objetivo es determinar los factores sociodemográficos que se asocian al nivel de sospecha de deterioro cognitivo de la persona mayor perteneciente al Servicio de Salud Talcahuano, año 2023. La metodología es un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal, este estudio no cuenta con muestra, ya que se trabajará con toda la población mayor que presente EMPAM vigente. Para identificar el nivel de sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en la persona mayor se obtienen datos, a través del test abreviado Minimental, el cual es válido en Chile desde el año 1999 con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,91 a nivel nacional. Se realizará un análisis descriptivo
de acuerdo con la naturaleza de las variables y posteriormente un análisis inferencial para ver la asociación entre las variables. Esto se realizará a través del programa estadístico SPSS versión 22.0.Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by health and the ability to maintain autonomy, which is connected to social and demographic factors. There are various opinions on what constitutes successful aging. The World Health Organization and other international organizations have been promoting healthy aging for decades. However, this is not the reality for many older adults, as a high percentage suffer from cognitive decline, which manifests in limitations across different aspects of their physical, emotional, and social abilities. This also leads to a decrease in autonomy in performing daily life activities. The objective is to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with the level of suspected cognitive decline in older adults belonging to the Talcahuano Health Service in the year 2023. The methodology is a quantitative, descriptive, observational cross-sectional design. This study does not have a sample, as the entire older population with a current EMPAM will be included.
To identify the level of suspected cognitive decline in older adults, data will be collected using the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which has been valid in Chile since 1999 with a national Cronbach's alpha of 0.91. A descriptive analysis will be conducted according to the nature of the variables, followed by an inferential analysis to examine the associations between the variables. This will be carried out using the SPSS statistical software version 22.0
Implementación de tecnologías de modelado de información de construcción en la construcción con madera: una revisión del estado del arte desde un enfoque multidisciplinario
No full textEsta investigación plantea interrogantes sobre las posibilidades y opciones de utilizar la metodología BIM asociada a software para el diseño y construcción en madera de modelado de estructuras a lo largo del ciclo de vida de un activo. Asimismo, se revisan varias iniciativas académicas y de investigación. En este sentido, este artículo pretende establecer un vínculo apropiado entre dos agendas que la industria de la arquitectura, la ingeniería y la construcción (AEC), la academia y los gobiernos normalmente manejan por separado. Mediante la realización de diversas revisiones bibliográficas (libros, revistas y congresos) y pruebas exhaustivas de software (software BIM: Revit v2023, Archicad v27, Tekla y complementos de madera: AGACAD, Archiframe, Timber Framing 2015, WoodStud Frame, etc.), Se evaluó el estado del arte en ambos campos y se muestran en detalle y se discuten varios casos que vinculan BIM y la madera. Se modelan y muestran diversas muestras teóricas, y se explican las ventajas y desventajas de cada técnica y etapa. Por otro lado, aunque la construcción con madera es la más común desde hace cientos de años, no es el caso de los desarrollos de software BIM asociados a esta materialidad. Además, desde la aparición de materiales como el acero y el hormigón armado, todos los desarrollos de software se han centrado en estos materiales, dejando de lado la posibilidad de desarrollar aplicaciones para su uso en proyectos de madera. De acuerdo con lo comentado anteriormente, se puede concluir que BIM para madera se ha utilizado con mayor frecuencia en el ámbito académico, que ambos campos tienen varios procesos comunes y, en muchos casos, que solo se han utilizado unas pocas herramientas BIM-madera, desconociendo así el alto potencial y alto nivel de beneficios que resultan de la aplicación de estas metodologías para el ciclo de vida completo del edificio (diseño, construcción y operación)
Hypoxia in the Blue Mussel Mytilus chilensis Induces a Transcriptome Shift Associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Metabolism, and Immune Response
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.The increase in hypoxia events, a result of climate change in coastal and fjord ecosystems, impacts the health and survival of mussels. These organisms deploy physiological and molecular responses as an adaptive mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis under environmental stress. However, the specific effects of hypoxia on mussels of socioeconomic interest, such as Mytilus chilensis, are unknown. Using RNA-seq, we investigated the transcriptomic profiles of the gills, digestive gland, and adductor muscle of M. chilensis under hypoxia (10 days at 2 mg L −1) and reoxygenation (10 days at 6 mg L −1). There were 15,056 differentially expressed transcripts identified in gills, 11,864 in the digestive gland, and 9862 in the adductor muscle. The response varied among tissues, showing chromosomal changes in Chr1, Chr9, and Chr10 during hypoxia. Hypoxia regulated signaling genes in the Toll-like, mTOR, citrate cycle, and apoptosis pathways in gills, indicating metabolic and immunological alterations. These changes suggest that hypoxia induced a metabolic shift in mussels, reducing reliance on aerobic respiration and increasing reliance on anaerobic metabolism. Furthermore, hypoxia appeared to suppress the immune response, potentially increasing disease susceptibility, with negative implications for the mussel culture industry and natural bed populations. This study provides pivotal insights into metabolic and immunological adaptations to hypoxia in M. chilensis, offering candidate genes for adaptive traits