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Diferencias de género en el rendimiento lector de preescolares que asisten a escuelas vulnerables
No full textUn número importante de investigaciones han constatado la existencia de diferencias en el rendimiento lector entre niños y niñas. Sin embargo, los hallazgos no son convergentes; por otra parte, la mayoría de los estudios se han resuelto en cursos posteriores al preescolar y en sistemas ortográficos opacos. En menor medida se ha indagado el rendimiento inicial lector entre niños y niñas preescolares que asisten a escuelas vulnerables, en período de pospandemia. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si las diferencias de género en el rendimiento lector ocurren desde edades tempranas, a pesar de que los estudiantes no hayan asistido presencialmente a las escuelas. La muestra consistió en 58 alumnos provenientes de 4 colegios públicos. A través de un ANOVA se evaluó la existencia de diferencias de género en el rendimiento lector inicial de los estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias en el rendimiento lector global entre niños y niñas, pero sí las hay entre tareas, ya que las niñas se desempeñaron mejor que los niños en tareas de conciencia de lo impreso. Por otra parte, se demostró que tanto niños como niñas obtienen mejores resultados en tareas de conciencia fonológica frente a las tareas de conciencia de lo impreso.Numerous studies have highlighted the existence of differences in reading performance between boys and girls. However, findings are not consistent; moreover, most studies have been conducted in later grade levels and with opaque spelling systems. To a lesser extent, the initial reading performance of preschool boys and girls attending vulnerable schools has been explored, particularly in the post-pandemic period. In this regard, the aim of this research was to determine whether gender differences in reading performance occur from early ages, even when students have not attended schools in person. The sample comprised 58 students from four public schools. An ANOVA was employed to assess gender differences in the initial reading performance of the students. The results indicated no overall gender differences in reading performance between boys and girls, but differences were observed in specific tasks, with girls outperforming boys in print awareness tasks. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that both boys and girls achieve better results in phonological awareness tasks compared to print awareness tasks.Um número significativo de pesquisas constatou diferenças no desempenho em leitura entre meninos e meninas. Entretanto, os resultados não são convergentes; além disso, a maioria dos estudos foi realizada em séries posteriores a etapa pré-escolar e em sistemas ortográficos opacos. Em menor escala, o desempenho inicial em leitura foi investigado entre crianças em idade pré-escolar que frequentam escolas vulneráveis no período pós-pandemia. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar se as diferenças de gênero no desempenho em leitura ocorrem desde cedo, apesar de os alunos não terem frequentado a escola presencialmente. A amostra foi composta por 58 alunos de 4 escolas públicas. Por meio de uma ANOVA, foi avaliada a existência de diferenças de gênero no desempenho inicial em leitura dos estudantes. Os resultados mostraram que não há diferenças no desempenho geral em leitura entre meninos e meninas, mas há diferenças entre as tarefas, já que meninas apresentaram melhor desempenho que os meninos nas tarefas de consciência de impressão. Por outro lado, tanto os meninos quanto as meninas apresentaram melhor desempenho em tarefas de consciência fonológica do que em tarefas de consciência de impressão
An Improved Single-Phase Multiple DC Source Inverter Topology for Distributed Energy System Applications
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.This work presents an improved structure of a single-phase muti-input multilevel inverter (MIMLI) for distributed energy resources, which is capable of producing a nine-level output in symmetric mode and 21 levels in asymmetrical mode. The topology uses four DC sources and ten switches, with four switches being bidirectional and the remaining unidirectional. The operation of the circuit is analyzed in an asymmetrical mode, and switching signals are accomplished using the Nearest Level Control (NLC) PWM technique. Depending on the value of the DC sources used, the number of levels can vary. In this work, different DC source algorithms were also proposed, and the analysis of the inverter has been carried out considering the algorithms producing the maximum number of levels. The inverter was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under steady state and dynamic conditions, achieving a 3.89% THD in output. The thermal analysis was conducted using PLECS software 4.1.2 to assess losses and efficiency. A laboratory prototype of the proposed topology was developed and tested, confirming its performance through simulation results and proving it economically viable for medium- and high-power applications
Synthesis of Nanoparticles: A comprehensive review on green synthesis of nanoparticles with a focus on Prosopis farcta plant extracts and biomedical applications : Sintesis de nanoparticulas: Un review extenso sobre la sintesis de nanoparticulas con foco en extractos de la planta Prosopis farcta y sus aplicaciones biomedicas
No full textGender differences in life expectancy free of depressive symptoms in Chile between 2003 and 2016
No full textThe aim of the study was to analyze gender differences in life expectancy free of depressive symptoms among the adult population in Chile between 2003 and 2016. The Sullivan method was used to estimate the total and marginal life expectancy, based on prevalence data from the National Health Survey (2003, 2010 and 2016), and abridged life tables for the Chilean population. There was a compression of morbidity among middle-aged men during the first period and among younger and older women during the last one. Men at all ages could expect to live a higher proportion of their lives without depressive symptoms during the whole period. The gender gap in the proportion of life expectancy free of depressive symptoms reached 10 percent points or more, considering almost all ages and periods. Unemployment and lower education increased the probability of depressive symptoms, and these effects were more marked among women. Public policies should have a gender-sensitive approach to address the gap in depression and the disadvantage experienced by women in life expectancy free of depressive symptoms, considering those dimensions that intersect with gender, such as access to education, employment or income
Percepción Docente sobre la Eficacia de la Formación Inicial de Profesoras de Educación Básica en la Atención de Estudiantes con Necesidades Educativas Especiales en Chile
No full textPedagogía en Educación Diferencial, Licenciado en EducaciónEsta investigación se enmarca en el contexto de la educación inclusiva, un desafío prioritario en las políticas educativas chilenas, y busca contribuir al fortalecimiento de la formación docente para garantizar una enseñanza equitativa y de calidad, tiene como propósito central explorar y analizar las percepciones de docentes en ejercicio y en formación sobre la preparación recibida en su formación inicial para atender a estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE). El estudio adopta un enfoque mixto, combinando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se aplicaron encuestas con preguntas cerradas y abiertas a docentes de educación básica en ejercicio y docentes en formación. Se abordan conceptos clave como la autoeficacia docente, la importancia de la formación basada en evidencia y las normativas que rigen la formación inicial docente. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias importantes entre ambos grupos: los docentes en ejercicio, particularmente aquellos con mayor antigüedad, perciben una insuficiente preparación en estrategias inclusivas durante su formación inicial, mientras que los docentes en formación reconocen avances recientes en contenidos teóricos, aunque persiste la necesidad de mayor profundidad y prácticas concretas en contextos de diversidad. En relación con lo mencionado, se destaca la necesidad de reforzar los programas de formación inicial con módulos prácticos obligatorios, fomentar capacitaciones continuas para los docentes en ejercicio y mejorar el acceso a recursos que apoyen el trabajo con estudiantes con NEE.
A global comparative analysis of the the inclusion of priority setting in national COVID-19 pandemic plans : A reflection on the methods and the accessibility of the plans
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024Background: Despite the swift governments’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains a paucity of literature assessing the degree to which; priority setting (PS) was included in the pandemic plans and the pandemic plans were publicly accessible. This paper reflects on the methods employed in a global comparative analysis of the degree to which countries integrated PS into their COVID-19 pandemic plans based on Kapiriri & Martin's framework. We also assessed if the accessibility of the plans was related to the country's transparency index. Methods: Through a three stage search strategy, we accessed and reviewed 86 national COVID-19 pandemic plans (and 11 Canadian provinces and territories). Secondary analysis assessed any alignment between the readily accessible plans and the country's transparency index. Results and conclusion: 71 national plans were readily accessible while 43 were not. There were no systematic differences between the countries whose plans were readily available and those whose plans were ‘missing’. However, most of the countries with ‘missing’ plans tended to have a low transparency index. The framework was adapted to the pandemic context by adding a parameter on the need to plan for continuity of priority routine services. While document review may be the most feasible and appropriate approach to conducting policy analysis during health emergencies, interviews and follow up document review would assess policy implementation
Consecuencias psicosociales en los adultos producto del abuso infantil: revisión integrativa
No full textObjetivo: conocer la influencia del abuso infantil en el funcionamiento psicosocial de las personas en su adultez de acuerdo con evidencias previas de estudios publicados en revistas de corriente principal. Metodología: se realizó una revisión integrativa en las bases de datos Web Of Science, Medline, SCOPUS, Pubmed, CINAHL y ScienceDirect utilizando los descriptores MESH “Adult Survivors of Child Abuse” AND “Psychosocial Functioning”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022, en idioma español o inglés, cuya población fueran adultos que hubieran sufrido algún tipo de violencia en la infancia. Los criterios de exclusión fueron artículos de investigación secundaria, como revisiones, o que no estuvieran disponibles de forma gratuita o mediante las bases de datos. Resultados: se identificaron 2.528 artículos de forma inicial, quedando 16 para su análisis en texto completo y evaluación metodológica mediante Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), 10 fueron investigaciones cuantitativas, tres cualitativas y tres mixtas; con respecto a la procedencia, 10 fueron realizados en Europa, cinco en Norteamérica y uno en Oceanía. Conclusiones: sufrir cualquier tipo de abuso en la niñez genera alteraciones de salud mental en los adultos, como, por ejemplo, ansiedad, depresión, estrés postraumático y trastorno límite de la personalidad, inclusive con conductas autolesivas o intentos de suicidio. Además, se ve afectado el ámbito social, encontrando menores niveles de apoyo social percibido y peores resultados en interacciones con otros
Liberalismo, catolicismo y constitucionalismo en Latinoamérica en el siglo XIX: Jorge Huneeus y La Constitución ante el Congreso (1879)
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This article contextualises and examines the trajectory and legacy of Jorge Huneeus, an important nineteenth-century Chilean constitutional law professor and congressman who sought to reconcile important commitments of his generation of Latin American jurists, such as a deep belief in Catholicism and a loyalty to the liberal ideals of his era, revealing the complexities and tensions of a legal culture in transition from a more traditional to a more modern social and cultural environment
Nitrate increases the capacity of an aerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for winery wastewater treatment
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors.We used bench-scale tests and mathematical modeling to explore chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for winery wastewater treatment, using either urea or nitrate as a nitrogen source. With urea addition, the COD removal fluxes ranged from 34 to 45 gCOD/m2-d. However, when nitrate was added, fluxes increased up to 65 gCOD/m2-d, twice the amount reported for aerobic biofilms for winery wastewater treatment. A one-dimensional biofilm model, calibrated with data from respirometric tests, accurately captured the experimental results. Both experimental and modelling results suggest that nitrate significantly increased MBBR capacity by stimulating COD oxidation in the deeper, oxygen-limited regions of the biofilm. Our research suggests that the addition of nitrate, or other energetic and broadly used electron acceptors, may provide a cost-effective means of covering peak COD loads in biofilm processes for winery or another industrial wastewater treatment
