Institutional Repository Universidad San Sebastián
Not a member yet
9206 research outputs found
Sort by
Estudio de prefactibilidad técnica y económica de una empresa de asesoria integral de asistencia al trabajador para abordar problemáticas laborales en medianas y grandes empresas
Get PDFEl presente estudio de prefactibilidad tiene como objetivo general evaluar la
prefactibilidad técnica y económica para la creación de una empresa de asesoría integral
para abordar problemáticas laborales en mediana y grandes empresas, esto debido al
escenario laboral actual en Chile, donde se ha evidenciado un incremento en las licencias
médicas por enfermedades profesional especialmente aquellas relacionadas con la salud
mental.
De esta forma, la empresa pretende iniciar sus operaciones en la Región Metropolitana,
esto considerando que el 0.5 % de las medianas y grandes empresas se encuentran en
esta región del país y que, aunado a ello, existe una cantidad considerable de empresas
que requieren implementar nuevas estrategias de bienestar laboral para disminuir el
ausentismo y baja productividad, como también, pretenden formar parte del bienestar
tanto físico como mental de sus colaboradores.
En tal sentido, para la consecución de los objetivos de este proyecto, se hizo necesario
realizar un estudio de mercado que permita conocer y caracterizar la industria a través
de la aplicación de herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Asi, mismo se analizan las
capacidades y tecnología necesaria para la operación de la empresa, finalizando con un
estudio económico en el cual se presenten diferentes alternativas de flujos de caja con o
sin financiamiento para analizar sus datos a través de indicadores económicos y obtener
resultados que permitan sugerir si es viable o no desde un punto de vista económico.The general objective of this pre-feasibility study is to evaluate the technical and economic
pre-feasibility for the creation of a comprehensive consulting company to address labor
problems in medium and large companies, due to the current labor scenario in Chile,
where there has been an increase in medical leave for occupational diseases, especially
those related to mental health.
In this way, the company intends to start its operations in the Metropolitan Region,
considering that 0,5% of medium and large companies are located in this region of the
country and that in addition to this, there is a considerable number of companies that need
to implement new strategies of labor welfare to reduce absenteeism and low productivity.
as well, they intend to be part of the physical and mental well-being of their employees.
In this sense, in order to achieve the objectives of this project, it was necessary to carry
out a market study that allows to know and characterize the industry through the
application of qualitative and quantitative tools. Thus, the capabilities and technology
necessary for the operation of the company are analyzed, ending with an economic study
in which different alternatives of cash flows with or without financing are presented to
analyze their data through economic indicators and obtain results that allow suggesting
whether or not it is viable from an economic point of view
Adaptive Ultralocalized Time-Series for Improved Model-Free Predictive Current Control on PMSM Drives
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 1986-2012 IEEE.Since a data-driven model is adopted to describe the operating state of the plant in the model-free predictive control, it has been widely used in the motor driving realm to eliminate the influences caused by parameter mismatches and enhance the robustness of the system. However, due to the fixed model structure and heavy calculating process, it is difficult to obtain an improved control performance using time-series models in continuous-control-set (CCS) predictive algorithms. To solve these problems, a model-free predictive current control (MF-PCC) using adaptive ultralocalized time-series is proposed in this article, and applied to a permanent magnet synchronous motor driving system as the current controller. The model structure is improved as a variable, and its orders are online adjusted according to the designed adaptive law and the current operating state of the system. The complex discrete-time transfer functions in the model are ultralocalized to simplify the realization in the CCS-type controller. All required coefficients in the model are estimated by the recursive least squares algorithm, and the optimal gain is also found by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results, as well as the advantages of the proposed method, including better model accuracy and current quality with suitable robustness compared with the conventional time-series based MF-PCC
Attitudes towards seeking psychological help among community dwelling older adults enrolled in primary care in Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Background: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders among older adults, but they are frequently underdiagnosed. Attitudes towards seeking professional mental health care is one of the barriers to access to treatment. This study was aimed at assessing the attitudes towards seeking psychological help among older adults who are enrolled in primary care in Chile, and to determine the associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 233 primary care users aged 65 or more years. The Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help was used. Reliability and factor analysis of this scale were carried out. The average scores of the scale and factors were calculated and compared, by selected variables. Multivariate linear regression was estimated to determine factors associated with attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Results: Three factors were identified in the attitudes towards seeking psychological help: confidence in psychologists, coping alone with emotional problems, and predisposition to seek psychological help. On average, participants had a favorable attitude towards seeking psychological help, compared with previous research. Lower level of education, and risk of social isolation were inversely associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Strategies to improve mental health literacy and social connection among older adults, could have an impact on factors that mediate the access to mental health care, such as attitudes towards seeking psychological help, among people who have a lower level of education or are at risk of social isolation
Consecuencias de la asfixia neonatal en el neurodesarrollo del recién nacido y su tratamiento: una revisión narrativa (2015-2024)
No full textLa Asfixia Neonatal es una de las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad en el recién nacido a nivel mundial, y afecta principalmente en su neurodesarrollo el cual es fundamental para la vida de todo ser humano. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue identificar las consecuencias de la asfixia neonatal en el neurodesarrollo del recién nacido y sus tratamientos, mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica entre 2015 – 2024. A través de las bases de datos “WOS”, “SCOPUS” y “PUBMED” se incluyeron un total de 14 artículos originales utilizando la metodología PRISMA, mediante la combinación de búsqueda en la que se utilizaron palabras clave y operadores boleanos
((“newborn” OR “neonatal”) AND (“asphyxia” OR “asphyxia birth”) AND (“neurodevelopment”) AND (“treatment”)). Se encontraron resultados relacionados con “Métodos de diagnósticos”, “Signos de Asfixia neonatal o encefalopatía hipóxicoisquémica”, “Factores de riesgos”, “Consecuencias en el neurodesarrollo” y “Tratamientos”. La revisión reveló una distribución geográfica diversa, con estudios concentrados en Europa (43%), Asia (21%) y América (21%), destacando Países Bajos con 4 artículos (28,5%). Los estudios se enfocaron en recién nacidos con asfixia neonatal y encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica, especialmente en aquellos con 36 semanas o más de gestación (42,9%). En cuanto a los métodos de diagnóstico, la evaluación Apgar (85,7%) y el pH de sangre de cordón umbilical (64,3%) fueron los criterios más utilizados. Los factores de riesgo identificados incluyeron aspectos maternos (bajos recursos, desprendimiento de placenta) y fetales/RN (prematurez, sufrimiento fetal, bajo pesos al nacer). Los resultados mostraron que la asfixia neonatal tiene graves consecuencias en el neurodesarrollo, incluyendo discapacidad motora (64,3%), parálisis cerebral (50%), retraso en el lenguaje (21,4%), convulsiones (28,6%) y discapacidades cognitivas (35,7%).
A pesar de las consecuencias negativas, la revisión identificó tratamientos prometedores, como la hipotermia terapéutica (71,4%), sulfato de magnesio (14,3%), eritropoyetina (7,1%) y melatonina intravenosa (7,1%). Es fundamental desarrollar tratamientos eficaces, investigar factores de riesgo y aplicar un manejo adecuado para reducir las consecuencias negativas en le neurodesarrollo. Finalmente, se planteó que la asfixia neonatal es la principal causa de mortalidad y morbilidad en los recién nacido, afectando severamente su neurodesarrollo la cual tiene un impacto significativo en este. Es crucial continuar investigando y desarrollando estrategias efectivas para prevenir y tratar la
asfixia neonatal, mejorando así la calidad de vida de los recién nacidos afectados.Neonatal asphyxia is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns
worldwide, and mainly affects their neurodevelopment, which is essential for the life of
every human being. The objective of the present studied literature was to identify the
consequences of neonatal asphyxia on the neurodevelopment of the newborn and its
treatments, through a narrative review of the scientific literature between 2015 - 2024.
Through the databases "WOS", "SCOPUS" and "PUBMED" a total of 14 original articles
were included using the PRISMA methodology, through the search combination in which
keywords and Boolean operators were used (("newborn" OR "neonatal") AND ("asphyxia"
OR "asphyxia birth") AND ("neurodevelopment") AND ("treatment")). The results obtained
relate to “Diagnostic methods”, “Signs of neonatal asphyxia or hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy”, “Risk factors”, “Neurodevelopmental consequences” and “Treatments”.
The review revealed a diverse geographic distribution, with studies concentrated in
Europe (43%), Asia (21%) and America (21%), the Netherlands standing out in 4 of the
articles (28.5%). The studies focused on newborns with neonatal asphyxia and hypoxicischemic encephalopathy, especially those with 36 weeks or more of gestation (42.9%).
Regarding diagnostic methods, Apgar evaluation (85.7%) and umbilical cord blood pH
(64.3%) were the most used criteria. The identified risk factors included maternal aspects
such as low resources and placental abruption; and fetal/ NB as prematurity, fetal distress
and low birth weight. The results showed that neonatal asphyxia has serious
consequences on neurodevelopment, including motor disability (64.3%), cerebral palsy
(50%), language delay (21.4%), seizures (28.6%) and cognitive disabilities (35.7%).
Despite the negative consequences, the review identified promising treatments, such as
therapeutic hypothermia (71.4%), magnesium sulfate (14.3%), erythropoietin (7.1%) and
intravenous melatonin (7.1%). It is essential to develop effective treatments, investigate
risk factors and apply adequate management to reduce the negative consequences on
neurodevelopment. Finally, it was stated that neonatal asphyxia is the main cause of
mortality and morbidity in newborns, severely affecting their neurodevelopment which has
a significant impact on it. It is crucial to continue researching and developing effective strategies to prevent and treat neonatal asphyxia, thus improving the quality of life of
affected newborns
Misticismo y Racionalidad Práctica: Explorando a Evelyn Underhill a través del Prisma de la Phronesis
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the author.This paper aims to justify that mysticism can be considered rational from the perspective of practical reason. Particularly, we will argue that mysticism embodies the oxymoron inherent in practical wisdom (phronesis), namely, an ordered openness. Our roadmap for substantiating this hypothesis is as follows: we will start by explaining that if the concept of rationality is approached in a scientistic manner, then mysticism cannot be deemed rational. We will employ Kant’s approach to rationality to support this assertion (2). Next, we will demonstrate that while the modern scientific approach to rationality is effective for fields of study where the subject matter typically unfolds in a regular or predictable manner, it proves insufficient in dimensions of existence that resist normative descriptions. In this section, following Aristotle and Gadamer, we will contend that theoretical reason should be complemented by practical reason, which is characterized by normative openness (3). Finally, we will argue that mysticism, although not rational from a theoretical viewpoint, is indeed rational from a practical standpoint (4). To avoid inappropriate generalizations when discussing mysticism, the third section will be centered on the work of Evelyn Underhill.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo justificar que el misticismo puede considerarse racional desde la perspectiva de la razón práctica. En particular, argumentaremos que el misticismo encarna el oxímoron inherente a la sabiduría práctica (phronesis), a saber, una apertura ordenada. Nuestro plan de trabajo para fundamentar esta hipótesis es el siguiente: comenzaremos explicando que si el concepto de racionalidad se aborda de manera cientificista, entonces el misticismo no puede considerarse racional. Emplearemos el enfoque de Kant sobre la racionalidad para apoyar esta afirmación (2). A continuación, demostraremos que, aunque el enfoque científico moderno de la racionalidad es efectivo para campos de estudio donde el tema de estudio se desarrolla de manera regular o predecible, resulta insuficiente en dimensiones de la existencia que resisten descripciones normativas. En esta sección, siguiendo a Aristóteles y Gadamer, sostendremos que la razón teórica debería complementarse con la razón práctica, que se caracteriza por una apertura normativa (3). Finalmente, argumentaremos que el misticismo, aunque no es racional desde un punto de vista teórico, es de hecho racional desde una perspectiva práctica (4). Para evitar generalizaciones inapropiadas al discutir el misticismo, la tercera sección se centrará en la obra de Evelyn Underhill
Molecular pathogenesis of ameloblastoma
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ameloblastoma (AM) is a benign, although aggressive, epithelial odontogenic tumour originating from tooth-forming tissues or remnants. Its aetiopathogenesis remains unclear; however, molecular analysis techniques have allowed researchers to progress in understanding its genetic basis. The high frequency of BRAF p.V600E as a main driver mutation in AM is well established; nevertheless, it is insufficient to explain its tumourigenesis. In this review, we aimed to integrate the current knowledge about the biology of AM and to describe the main genetic alterations reported, focusing on the findings of large-scale sequencing and gene expression profiling techniques. Current evidence shows that besides BRAF mutation and activation of the MAPK pathway, alterations in Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes are also involved in AM pathogenesis. Recently, a tumour suppressor gene, KMT2D, has been reported as mutated by different research groups. The biological impact of these mutations in the pathogenesis of AM has yet to be elucidated. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of these findings in the identification of novel biomarkers that could be useful for diagnosing, classifying, and molecular targeting this neoplasm
Inflación en desarrollo inmobiliario: un análisis por serie de tiempo sobre variables incidentales sobre los costos edificatorios en Chile
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 Potificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. All rights reserved.Una de las consecuencias de la pandemia y su postpandemia fue un proceso inflacionario a nivel mundial, y de características multiescalares, donde la producción de bienes y sus consecuencias en los precios de la construcción en Chile han experimentado fluctuaciones difíciles de predecir, afectando severamente emprendimientos en esta materia de distinta naturaleza, pública y privada, de grandes empresas o pequeñas iniciativas públicas. Por otro lado, la creciente demanda de viviendas en medio de la crisis habitacional en Chile enfrenta también el problema del aumento en los precios de los materiales. Ante este escenario, resulta relevante generar un ecosistema de modelos predictivos de los costos de construcción que tengan en cuenta los factores externos que inciden en el costo de construcción y, por ende, en el precio de las nuevas viviendas y las infraestructuras públicas. Este estudio aporta a desarrollar este ecosistema mediante el de un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para identificar los factores predictivos que influyen en el costo de construcción en Chile, particularmente explorando la influencia de variables macroeconómicas sobre los costos de construcción a partir de identificar un set de variables incidentales que no siempre son consideradas para este tipo de análisis y que involucran fundamentales provenientes de sectores distintos al de la construcción. Los resultados metodológicos permiten ensayar modelos predictivos con buen nivel de significancia estadística, además de identificar con claridad esos factores externos que inciden sobre el precio de los materiales de la construcción
Oxidative stress promotes cytotoxicity in human cancer cell lines exposed to Escallonia spp. extracts
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024, The Author(s).Background: Standard cancer treatments show a lack of selectivity that has led to the search for new strategies against cancer. The selective elimination of cancer cells modulating the redox environment, known as “selective oxycution”, has emerged as a viable alternative. This research focuses on characterizing the unexplored Escallonia genus plant extracts and evaluating their potential effects on cancer’s redox balance, cytotoxicity, and activation of death pathways. Methods: 36 plant extracts were obtained from 4 different species of the Escallonia genus (E. illinita C. Presl, E. rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., E. revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., and E. pulverulenta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.), which were posteriorly analyzed by their phytoconstituents, antioxidant capacity, and GC-MS. Further, redox balance assays (antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage, and transcription factors) and cytotoxic effects (SRB, ∆Ψmt, and caspases actives) of those plant extracts were analyzed on four cell lines (HEK-293T, MCF-7, HT-29, and PC-3). Results: 36 plant extracts were obtained, and their phytoconstituents and antioxidant capacity were established. Further, only six extracts had EC50 values < 10 µg*mL− 1, indicating high toxicity against the tested cells. From those, two plant extracts were selective against different cancer cell lines: the hexane extract of E. pulverulenta´s stem was selective for HT-29, and the ethyl acetate extract of E. rubra´s stem was selective for PC-3. Both extracts showed unbalanced redox effects and promoted selective cell death. Conclusions: This is the first study proving “selective oxycution” induced by Chilean native plant extracts
Identification of master regulator genes controlling pathogenic CD4+ T cell fate in inflammatory bowel disease through transcriptional network analysis
No full textPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract associated with multiple pathogenic factors, including dysregulation of the immune response. Effector CD4+ T cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) are central players in maintaining the balance between tolerance and inflammation. Interestingly, genetic modifications in these cells have been implicated in regulating the commitment of specific phenotypes and immune functions. However, the transcriptional program controlling the pathogenic behavior of T helper cells in IBD progression is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to find master transcription regulators controlling the pathogenic behavior of effector CD4+ T cells upon gut inflammation. To achieve this goal, we used an animal model of IBD induced by the transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells into recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1) deficient mice, which are devoid of lymphocytes. As a control, a group of Rag1−/− mice received the transfer of the whole CD4+ T cells population, which includes both effector T cells and Treg. When gut inflammation progressed, we isolated CD4+ T cells from the colonic lamina propria and spleen tissue, and performed bulk RNA-seq. We identified differentially up- and down-regulated genes by comparing samples from both experimental groups. We found 532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the colon and 30 DEGs in the spleen, mostly related to Th1 response, leukocyte migration, and response to cytokines in lamina propria T-cells. We integrated these data into Gene Regulatory Networks to identify Master Regulators, identifying four up-regulated master gene regulators (Lef1, Dnmt1, Mybl2, and Jup) and only one down-regulated master regulator (Foxo3). The altered expression of master regulators observed in the transcriptomic analysis was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis and found an up-regulation of Lef1 and Mybl2, but without differences on Dnmt1, Jup, and Foxo3. These two master regulators have been involved in T cells function and cell cycle progression, respectively. We identified two master regulator genes associated with the pathogenic behavior of effector CD4+ T cells in an animal model of IBD. These findings provide two new potential molecular targets for treating IBD
Peer-support groups for suicide loss survivors: a systematic review : a systematic review
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Despite the increase in research on suicide bereavement, the effectiveness of peer-support group programs in promoting the grief process and mental health of suicide loss survivors remains unclear. The goal of our study was to determine the effectiveness of peer-support group programs for suicide loss survivors. A systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022307591) of articles published from January 2000 to December 2021 was applied in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO. Articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese with full text availability were included in this review to perform a narrative synthesis of the results and a bias analysis. 12 qualitative and two quantitative studies, were selected. No evidence of efficacy in reducing suicidal behavior was found. Qualitative studies highlighted that these types of groups provide social support, enabling individuals to cope with grief and mitigating psychological discomfort. In conclusion, from evidence-based medicine, results on peer-support groups for suicide loss survivors has a low level of certainty and an insufficient grade of recommendation. Nevertheless, qualitative studies indicate the potential benefits of these programs. The prevailing use of qualitative methodologies accounts for a participatory and subjective epistemology, typical of community programs such as peer-support programs. Finally, both quantitative and qualitative perspectives are necessary for the integration and validation of mutual support groups for suicide survivors in public mental health services