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Artificial intelligence in European criminal law perspective
No full textIn: Book of proceedings : international conference on social and healthcare studies. 1. vyd. Priština : Universum Press, 2024. ISBN 978-9951-531-28-3. Pp. 59-70.Many official documents on artificial intelligence (AI) have been adopted by the European Union. The contribution deals with AI in European criminal law perspective. It focuses on the most important steps of the European Union in this field, namely the Directive 2016/680 on Protection of Personal Data Used by Police and Criminal Justice Authorities of 2016, the European Ethical Charter on the Use of AI in Judicial Systems of 2018, the Resolution on AI in Criminal Law and its Use in Criminal Matters of 2021 and the Proposal for a Regulation on Harmonised Rules on AI (AI Act) of 2021
Dual sanctioning of hate crimes and hate speech as part of extremism in the Slovak Republic: conceptual, legislative and practical issues
No full textIn: Access to justice in Eastern Europe : AJEE : peer-reviewed journal. Kyjev : Publishing House VD "Dakor", 2024. ISSN 2663-0575. Vol. 7, no. 2 (2024), pp. 93-111.Background: Extremism poses a cross-border social problem, lacking a universally accepted definition. In principle, so-called hate crimes are specific types of criminal offences that cut across all types of extremism. We can even talk about their conceptual overlap. A special category of hate crimes is represented by so-called verbal attacks, known as hate speech, which are considered an abuse of freedom of expression from an international perspective as well as in jurisprudence of the European Court on Human Rights. As a result of such a perception, their criminal sanction comes into consideration. In accordance with the principle of subsidiarity of criminal law repression, another method of sanctioning hate crimes and hate speech is also possible, namely by administrative law. The existence of “multiple legal regulations” on extremism as delict caused a dual sanctioning system of extremism. It leads to application problems in legal practice, for example, an unclear understanding of offences from criminal and administrative perspectives or even the weak possibility of investigating such acts by State power. The main objective of the contribution is to point out the dual legal regulation (criminal and administrative) of the sanctioning of extremism, in particular its special category – hate crimes and hate speech. Moreover, the objective of the contribution is to assess its unclear issues in legal understanding and to identify specific application problems caused by its dual system (criminal and administrative). Special attention is focused on applicable sanctions in both the criminal law area and administrative law areas. At the end, suggestions on how to solve indicated problems are introduced. RESEARCH ARTICLE Access to Justice in Eastern Europe ISSN 2663-0575 (Print) ISSN 2663-0583 (Online) Journal homepage http://ajee-journal.com
Methods: The primary sources used for the elaboration of the contribution are scholarly sources (books, studies, scientific papers, etc.), legislative instruments (national and international legislation) and case law (of Slovak national courts and the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union). The authors use traditional methods of legal scientific (jurisprudential) research – general scientific methods and special methods of legal science (jurisprudence). The general scientific methods used in the paper are predominantly logical methods, namely, the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the method of analogy, and the descriptive method. The descriptive method has been used to familiarise the reader with the current legal regulation of extremism. The method of analysis has been used regarding relevant legal provisions and case-laws of courts. The method of synthesis has also been used. The special methods of legal science used here predominantly include methods belonging to a group of interpretative methods, namely, the teleological method, the systematic method and the comparative method. The teleological method has been used to explain the purpose of legislative instruments. The systematic method has been used to classify the relevant applicable law. The comparative method has been used to examine the relationship between legislative perspectives – criminal and administrative.
Results and Conclusions: Regarding extremism offences committed in the Slovak Republic, in specific cases, the decision making whether the committed offence is criminal or of an administrative nature depends on the attitude of the person who committed it. In the Slovak Republic, legislative amendments are intended to address the area of extremism offences, but they have not been introduced as final. A new legal regulation of the administrative offences of extremism is envisaged in terms of their definition. A new sanctioning policy of extremism administrative offences by juvenile offenders is also expected. Moreover, the application of probation in case of offences committed by juvenile delinquents in the area of extremism is recommended and preferred. It would highlight the importance of restorative justice, including its strengthening. Probation would allow the court, when sanctioning extremism in the criminal law area, to create a so-called tailor-made sanction, which would strengthen the individualisation of the sanction, the educational purpose of the sanction and the achievement of both the purpose of the sanction and the purpose of the Criminal Code, which is to protect society from criminal offences and their perpetrators. Even the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic partially examined the modification of the elements of criminal offences of extremism.VEGA 1/0333/23 Eliminácia rasizmu, xenofóbie a ostatných foriem intolerancie prostriedkami trestného práv
Violation of the right to a reasoned decision and the possibility of effective objection against it in the appellate review proceedings according to the criminal procedure code
No full textIn: Košické dni trestného práva 2024 = Košice criminal law days 2024 : zborník vedeckých príspevkov z celoštátnej interdisciplinárnej vedeckej konferencie s medzinárodnou účasťou : the collection of scientific contributions nationwide interdisciplinary scientific conference with international participation / rec. Jiří Mulák, Miroslav Baňacký. 1. vyd. Košice : Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2024. ISBN 978-80-574-0368-5. S. 244-253.Súčasťou práva na spravodlivý proces je v zmysle ustálenej súdnej praxe najvyšších súdnych autorít aj právo na odôvodnenie rozhodnutia. V predkladanom príspevku sa autor zaoberá platnou a účinnou právnou úpravou dovolacích dôvodov v zmysle zákona č. 301/2005 Z.z. Trestný poriadok v kontexte možností obvineného účinne namietať porušenie práva na odôvodnenie súdneho rozhodnutia súdmi nižšej inštancie. Na základe vykonanej analýzy právneho stavu de lege lata následne predkladá návrhy riešení de lege ferenda
Jazyky hravo a zmysluplne : Výučba cudzích jazykov zameraná na dieťa
No full textUčebnica pre vysokoškolských študentov didaktík cudzích jazykov prináša systematizované poznatky z teoretických disciplín, vedeckých výskumov (neurovedy, psychológia) ako aj zo skúseností učiteľov jazykov v praxi. Zdôrazňuje prístup zameraný na dieťa, a teda vyučovanie jazykov hravo, zážitkovo, zmysluplne.KEGA 011UMB-4/2022 Tvorba webového portálu metodickej podpory výučby cudzích jazykov v primárnom vzdelávaníAPVV-22-0450 Program rozvoja jazykových spôsobilostí detí s odlišným materinským jazykom v slovenskom jazyku – tvorba a overovani
Príručka k e-service learningu pre partnerov z komunity
No full textFinancované Európskou úniou. Vyjadrené názory a stanoviská sú však len názormi autora (autorov) a nemusia nevyhnutne odrážať názory a stanoviská Európskej únie alebo národnej agentúry (NA). Európska únia ani NA za ne nemôžu niesť zodpovednosť.Táto príručka je určená partnerom z komunity, ktorí sú zapojení alebo sa plánujú zapojiť do e-service learningových projektov (e-SL). Mala by zlepšiť ich porozumenie e-SL a pripraviť partnerov na partnerskú účasť v projektoch spolu so študentstvom a učiteľstvom vysokých škôl.2021-1-PL01-KA220-HED-000032194 e-SL4EU - e-Service Learning for more digital and inclusive EU Higher Education system
Knižničný katalóg (transkripcia) / Library Catalogue (transcription)
No full textSúbor obsahuje prepis pôvodného rukopisného dokumentu „Index primus libros bibliothecae vener. Seminarii Neosoliensis“ (Prvý katalóg kníh knižnice banskobystrického seminára) zo začiatku 19. storočia prevažne v latinskom a nemeckom jazyku. Na automatickú transkripciu dokumentu v nástroji Transkribus bol použitý vlastný model SKRIPTOR_HAND_19_library catalog (ID: 49629)
s priemernou chybovosťou CER na overovacej sade 2,00 %. Prepis bol verifikovaný a korigovaný podľa digitalizátov.The file contains a transcription of the original manuscript document "ndex primus libros bibliothecae vener. Seminarii Neosoliensis" (The First Catalogue of books of the Seminar Library in Banská Bystrica) from the beginning of the 19th century, mainly in Latin and German. The custom model SKRIPTOR_HAND_19_library catalog (ID: 49629) was used for automatic transcription of the document in the Transkribus tool, with an average Character Error Rate (CER) of 2.00 % on the validation set. The transcription was verified and corrected based to the digitized photos.SKRIPTOR APVV-19-0456 Inovatívne sprístupnenie písomného dedičstva Slovenska prostredníctvom systému automatickej transkripcie historických rukopiso
Chuligaństwo piłkarskie jako zjawisko społeczno-polityczne. Motywacja, przejawy i strategie zapobiegania
No full textIn: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska : sectio J Paedagogia-Psychologia. Lublin : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2024. ISSN 0867-2040. Vol. 37, no. 1 (2024), pp. 207-216.Football hooliganism represents a complex socio-political phenomenon with varying degrees of occurrence and severity in different regions worldwide. The article explores the multifaceted motivation, manifestations, and prevention strategies of hooliganism, drawing on literary sources, political documents, published research, and personal experiences in social work and match attendance. From the historical roots of hooliganism to its current manifestations, including its political dimensions and the dynamics of digital communication, the article provides a thematic analysis of the motivation and expressions of football hooliganism. Furthermore, it addresses strategies for the prevention and elimination of football hooliganism, including efforts to enforce laws, corrective measures, community interventions, and preventive social work. By addressing the challenges posed by football hooliganism, the authors aim to contribute to the development of effective strategies to combat this societal issue
The predictive influence of the big five personality traits on adolescent self-concept
No full textIn: Psychological application and trends 2024. 1. vyd. Lisabon : inScience Press, 2024. ISBN 978-989-35106-6-7. ISSN 2184-2205. Pp. 606-610.In today's dynamic and changing environment, the adolescent's social environment and social inclusion are vital because of the formative influence of experiences with the social environment on the adolescent's self-concept. Self-concept is among the most important predictors of mental health and quality of life in contemporary adolescents. The underlying concept of the present paper is the Piers-Harris model of self-concept, which is viewed following the Big Five concept. The main aim of the present study is to analyse the predictive influence of the Big Five personality traits on adolescents' self-concept. The research population comprised 1 013 Slovak adolescents (73% female, AM age = 17.00, SD age = 1.27). The research instruments used were the ASCSS/Adolescents' Self-concept Short Scale (Veiga & Leite, 2016) and the Slovak version of the NEO FFI personality questionnaire (Ruisel & Halama, 2007). Correlational analysis showed several moderately significant relationships between the Big Five factors and individual dimensions and with adolescents' overall self-concept. Regression analysis subsequently demonstrated a clear predictive effect of personality on adolescent self-acceptance, demonstrating that personality traits are an important source of adolescents' self-definition. Mental health promotion also emphasises the promotion of a favourable self-concept in adolescents, which creates room for the influence of professionals in counselling or school psychology. The paper is part of the project VEGA 1/0765/21 Multidimensional self-concept of the digital adolescent generation in Slovakia and its contexts.VEGA 1/0765/21 Multidimenzionálne sebapoňatie digitálnej adolescentnej generácie na Slovensku a jeho súvislost
Carbon and nitrogen stocks in agricultural soils under different natural conditions and management in Slovakia
No full textIn: Land. Basel : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2024. ISSN 2073-445X. Vol. 13, no. 2 (2024), pp. 1-17.Soil is a natural capital which supplies valuable ecosystem services including carbon and nitrogen storage. Agroecosystems play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (NT) accumulation. The aim of this study was to analyse SOC stock (SOCS) and NT stock (NTS) in relation to land use (arable land-AL, permanent grasslands-PG), management, soil depth, and selected soil properties of six soil subtypes (Rendzic Leptosol—LPrz, Dystric Cambisol—CMdy, Stagnic Cambisol—CMst, Haplic Fluvisol—FLha, Gleyic Fluvisol—FLgl, Haplic Chernozem—CHha) which are the most widespread in Slovakia. SOCS for a 50 cm deep soil profile ranged from 161 t.ha−1 in CHha to 59 t.ha−1 in FLgl in grasslands, and in arable lands from 111 t.ha−1 in CHha to 38 t.ha−1 in CMst. In grasslands, FLs and CMst showed the significantly lowest SOCS and NTS in comparison to CMdy, LPrz, and CHha. The mean soil NT content in arable land and grasslands was 2.21 g.kg−1 and 2.82 g.kg−1, respectively. ANOVA showed that soil subtype, land use, and site have significantly affected SOCS but not NTS. The correlation analysis revealed correlations between SOCS and NTS. SOCS was also correlated with C:N, pH, P, and K. This study should help to encourage practices to maintain soil C and soil properties and to ensure the sustainability of the functions of many soil types in Slovakia.VEGA 1/0184/21 Integrované hodnotenie ekosystémových služieb rôzne environmentálne zaťažených a hospodársky využívaných nivných pôd a návrh zvýšenia ich kapacit
Social media and body image from the perspective of secondary school youth
No full textIn: The person and the challenges : the journal of theology, education, canon law and social studies inspired by pope John Paul II. Tarnów : The Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, Faculty of Theology Section in Tarnow, 2024. ISSN 2083-8018. Vol. 14, no. 1 (2024), pp. 199-212.The study aimed to map the prevalence of social media disorder in secondary school youth. We used an abbreviated version of the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B). The reliability of the questionnaires used in the research, indicates that they have sufficient internal consistency. A total of 637 re-respondents participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (AM=16.63). The results of the study showed social media impairment in 11.1% of the respondents, confirming a statistically significant difference in terms of the gender of the adolescents in favour of girls, and in terms of the degree of concern about their appearance, in favour of those who are more concerned about their appearance. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the degree of concern about their appearance in terms of gender, was confirmed in favour of girls