chronotopos – A Journal of Translation History
Not a member yet
120 research outputs found
Sort by
Learning (on) Local Terms: The Cantonese dictionaries of two Eighteenth-Century European Traders
Full text linkThis article compares two manuscript dictionaries, that of John Bradby Blake and Johan Pontin. These dictionaries are Cantonese-English and Cantonese-Swedish respectively, and were both created as a result of a stay in the trading hub of Canton in the 1770s. Both dictionaries are shown to follow the word choice, word order and illustrations of Chinese textbooks for language learning, “zazi”. Such zazi were common tools for the linguistic standardisation and schooling reforms of the Qing Empire, but were also used in early European attempts to learn Chinese. Thereby, European efforts to learn Chinese is here shown to follow a Qing imperial pattern, and a non-European structure and logic. The bulk of the scholarship on early sinology in Europe focus on missionaries, and on activities in Beijing. That the two dictionaries studied here translate between European languages and Cantonese, rather than other Chinese dialects, and that they were compiled as part of a commercial, not a scholarly or religious contact, help show the importance also of Canton in the eighteenth century for European-Chinese translation history
Überleben übersetzen: перевод и литература Холокоста
Full text linkMehrsprachige Memoiren und autobiografische Texte, deren Autoren den Holocaust überlebt haben, sind für die Forschung in einer Vielzahl von Wissensgebieten äußerst relevant. Ihre Übersetzung im Allgemeinen und ihre Übersetzung ins Deutsche im Besonderen sind aus translatologischer Sicht von Interesse. Als Material für diese Studie dienen der englischsprachige Text The Children’s House of Belsen von H. E. Verolme und die deutschsprachige Übersetzung Wir Kinder von Bergen-Belsen, verfasst von M. Pressler. Die Analyse zeigt den Gebrauch des Verfahrens der Auslassung, wobei Auslassungen nach dem Umfang (Voll- und Teilauslassungen) und nach dem Begründungsgrad (begründet und unbegründet) unterschieden werden. Im deutschsprachigen Zieltext wurden die Namen der Konzentrationslager, Toponyme, Ethnonyme, Bezeichnung der Organisation das Rote Kreuz und einige Schimpfwörter ausgelassen. Infolge des Einsatzes derartiger übersetzerischer Verfahren scheint der Text pragmatisch an den deutschsprachigen Rezipienten angepasst zu werden und wird in Bezug auf die Vermittlung der Ausgangtextinformation in den betrachteten Kontexten neutraler. Die Auslassung stellt ein komplexes Verfahren dar und wird mit der Ersetzung von Informationen, der Verallgemeinerung, der stilistischen Neutralisierung und der Beseitigung von nationalkultureller Spezifik begleitet. Der Grund für den Gebrauch der Auslassung ist unter anderem die Notwendigkeit, pragmatische Äquivalenz zu erzielen und den Text an den deutschsprachigen Rezipienten anzupassen, der des Holocausts „müde“ zu sein scheint.Multilingual memoirs and autobiographical texts by Holocaust survivors are of great importance for research in a wide range of fields of knowledge. Their translation in general, as well as their translation into German in particular, is of interest from the perspective of translatology. The study focuses on the English-language text The Children\u27s House of Belsen by H. E. Verolme and its German translation Wir Kinder von Bergen-Belsen by M. Pressler. The analysis revealed the use of such translation transformations as omissions, among which we distinguish omissions by volume (complete and partial) and by degree of justification (justified and unsubstantiated). In the German translation, the names of concentration camps, toponyms, ethnonyms, the name of the Red Cross organization and several swear words are omitted. As a result of this transformation, the text is pragmatically adapted for the German-speaking recipient and is more neutral in terms of conveying the original information in the contexts considered. Omitting is a complex transformation and is accompanied by the replacement of information, generalisation, stylistic neutralisation and the removal of national-cultural specificity. The reasons for the use of omissions include the need to achieve pragmatic equivalence and to adapt the text for the German-speaking reader, who is \u27tired\u27 of the Holocaust.
Разноязычные мемуарно-автобиографические тексты, авторы которых пережили Холокост, имеют чрезвычайную важность для проведения исследований в самых различных областях знания. С точки зрения транслатологии интерес вызывает их перевод в целом, а также перевод на немецкий язык в частности. Материалом исследования является англоязычный текст Х. Э. Верольме The Children’s House of Belsen и его перевод на немецкий язык Wir Kinder von Bergen-Belsen, выполненный М. Пресслер. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить случаи использования такого переводческого преобразования как опущение информации, среди которого нами выделено отдельно опущение по объему (полное и частичное опущение) и по степени обоснованности (обоснованное и необоснованное). В тексте немецкоязычного перевода оказываются опущенными названия концентрационных лагерей, топонимы, этнонимы, название организации «Красный Крест», инвективная лексика и др. В результате использования данного преобразования текст оказывается прагматически адаптированным для немецкоязычного реципиента и в рассмотренных контекстах является более нейтральным в плане передачи исходной информации. Опущение представляет собой комплексное преобразование и сопровождается заменой информации, генерализацией, стилистической нейтрализацией и элиминацией национально-культурной специфики. К причинам использования опущения отнесем необходимость достижения прагматической эквивалентности и адаптации текста для немецкоязычного читателя, который «устал» от Холокоста
Sworn translators: a neglected species: An interdisciplinary study about the early academization of public translators’ training in Argentina
Full text linkThis study analyses the genesis of the academisation process of sworn translation and interpretation in Argentina. As early as in the mid-1860s, a study programme was developed at the University of Buenos Aires and the degree of public translator and interpreter has been granted by this institution ever since. This is a remarkable fact because even today it is the State itself that has developed different mechanisms to validate public translation and interpretation competencies and interventions in public matters, and there are scarce undergraduate programmes in higher education institutions conferring this degree. The study analyses the ancillary role of these professionals as court assistants, linked to the political sovereignty and identity of the modern states, and deals with its early academisation in Argentina. It examines the socio-political and historical factors that made it possible for this country to devise, deliver and award this degree, and explores what the early academisation of this profession meant for translation and interpretation, and how the degree evolved and gave birth to a particular professional ethos
The Significance of Translation History – A Roundtable Discussion
Full text linkDie Doktoratssommerschule Translation in History - History in Translation fand im September 2021 zum vierten Mal in Wien (bzw. dieses Mal online) statt. An einem Sonntag im September 2021 diskutierten zwei der Gastprofessoren der Sommerschule, Theo Hermans und Christopher Rundle, gemeinsam folgende Frage: Warum betreiben wir überhaupt Translationsgeschichte? Julia Richter und Tomasz Rozmysłowicz führten durch das Gespräch.In 2021, the Vienna Doctoral Summer School on Translation History took place for the fourth time. At the halfway point of the summer school – on a Sunday in September 2021 – two of the summer school professors – Christopher Rundle and Theo Hermans – met to discuss the question: Why do we do translation history at all? The conversation was led by Tomasz Rozmysłowicz and Julia Richter
Sumillera, Rocío G./Surman, Jan/Kühn, Katharina (eds.) (2020): Translation in Knowledge, Knowledge in Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins (Benjamins Translation Library 154).
Full text linkEine Rezension des Bandes:
Sumillera, Rocío G./Surman, Jan/Kühn, Katharina (eds.) (2020): Translation in Knowledge, Knowledge in Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins (Benjamins Translation Library 154).A book review of:
Sumillera, Rocío G./Surman, Jan/Kühn, Katharina (eds.) (2020): Translation in Knowledge, Knowledge in Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins (Benjamins Translation Library 154).Un compte rendu de livre:
Sumillera, Rocío G./Surman, Jan/Kühn, Katharina (eds.) (2020): Translation in Knowledge, Knowledge in Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins (Benjamins Translation Library 154)
Tashinskiy, Aleksey (2018): Literarische Übersetzung als Universum der Differenz. Mit einer analytischen Studie zu deutschen Übersetzungen des Romans Oblomov von I. A. Gončarov. Berlin: Frank & Timme.
Full text linkEine Rezension des Werkes:
Tashinskiy, Aleksey (2018): Literarische Übersetzung als Universum der Differenz. Mit einer analytischen Studie zu deutschen Übersetzungen des Romans Oblomov von I. A. Gončarov. Berlin: Frank & Timme.A book review of:
Tashinskiy, Aleksey (2018): Literarische Übersetzung als Universum der Differenz. Mit einer analytischen Studie zu deutschen Übersetzungen des Romans Oblomov von I. A. Gončarov. Berlin: Frank & Timme.Un compte rendu de livre:
Tashinskiy, Aleksey (2018): Literarische Übersetzung als Universum der Differenz. Mit einer analytischen Studie zu deutschen Übersetzungen des Romans Oblomov von I. A. Gončarov. Berlin: Frank & Timme
Slovak Literary Journal Elán (1930 – 1947): : A Case Study in Translation Microhistory
Full text linkThe goal of this paper is to analyze the Slovak literary journal Elán edited by poet Ján Smrek from two points of view - translation microhistory (1) focusing on the agency of the translators, which are in this case, also editors of the journal and (2) stressing the translation issues widely discussed in the journal. The journal was formed in 1930 and it was cancelled in 1947 by the leading Communist party. The aim is to quantitively and qualitatively analyze possible shifts in translation policy and in metatranslation discussions in the Slovak part of the First Czechoslovakia, in the Slovak State and during the short period before the communist coup d’état in 1948. The analysis can also show us the first systemic steps in translation within Czechoslovakia and the role of translation in that period. Ján Smrek several times explicitly proclaimed the openness of Slovak culture to foreign influences, therefore his agency in regard to changing ideologies will be analysed.
Setting the canon, translating the canon: Translations in Slovene school readers and translation policy within the school system of the Habsburg monarchy (1848–1918)
Full text linkThe second half of the nineteenth century is of crucial importance in Slovene history, as during this time, a sense of national consciousness began to be disseminated, literacy increased significantly, and different Slovene vernaculars were developed into a modern, supra-regional, standardized, and codified Slovene language. These developments were intertwined and enabled by general processes of modernization within the Habsburg Monarchy, under which the Slovenes had lived for centuries alongside speakers of other languages. At the same time, spurred on by the ideas of the liberal Revolution of 1848, a modern school system was first established within the monarchy. The demand for modern schoolbooks to be used within this system was a considerable challenge, especially for Slavic languages like Slovene, which were not yet fully developed. This task proved to be impossible without relying heavily on translations, and, starting in 1848, modern schoolbook production soon led to an increase in translation activity. This paper examines the historical circumstances surrounding the creation of Slovene schoolbooks between 1848 and 1918, the main agents in the field, the volume and the characteristics of translations included in schoolbooks, if and when they were marked as translations, translation strategies, and ideological steering through translations. It also examines the issues of whether and how the state, through the Ministry of Education, controlled or guided these translations activities while also controlling content within schoolbook production in general
Trust-based translation history: Guideline questions and an illustration
Full text linkTranslation history can find a point of departure in the complex relations of trust (or distrust) that are established between translator and client, receiver, author, text, and indeed other translators. This way of approaching history can be formalized in terms of a short set of guideline questions that the historian might like to ask. The questions go from the translator’s interpersonal relations right through to the trust that the historian has data and the not dissimilar trust sought with respect to other historians. Thus, the one framework informs both the historical object of knowledge and our historiographic activity. The way these questions work can be illustrated through the example of Francisco Enzinas’s 1543 translation of the New Testament, which he personally presented to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, in search of trust
Von den Möglichkeiten translatorischen Handelns: Eine performative, ausgangskulturorientierte Perspektive am Beispiel Antoine Gallands und der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht‘
No full textDieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Translationsgeschichte der Arabischen Erzählungen der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht‘ aus einer performativen, ausgangskulturorientierten Perspektive. Die Zweistufigkeit des Translationsprozesses als interlingualer/zweisprachiger Kommunikation impliziert eine eindimensionale Linearität, die die Beziehung zwischen Ausgangs- und Zieltext bestimmt. Die Effekte der Translation auf Produktion/Rezeption des Ausgangstextes fallen jenseits der konzeptuellen Reichweite des Translationsbegriffes und können prinzipiell nicht in einem translationstheoretischen Rahmen behandelt werden, was in einer statisch-genetischen Konzeption vom Ausgangstext als „Quelle“ resultiert. Ich werde anhand der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht‘ argumentieren, dass eine neue Auffassung der Translation als performative Bewegung in Richtung Ausgangstext die Komplexität translatorischen Handelns besser zeigen und die interpretativen Möglichkeiten der Translation als Interaktion zwischen einem Ausgangstext und einem Zieltext erweitern kann. Dabei wird die Rolle Antoine Gallands und seiner Übersetzung der ‚Tausend und eine Nacht‘ (Les mille et une nuits) hervorgehoben.This article deals with the translation history of the Arabic narratives of the ‘Thousand and One Nights’ from a performative, source culture-oriented perspective. The two-stage nature of the translation process as interlingual/bilingual communication implies a one-dimensional linearity that determines the relationship between source and target text. The effects of translation on the production/reception of the source text fall beyond the conceptual scope of the concept of translation and cannot, in principle, be dealt with in a translation-theoretical framework, resulting in a static-genetic conception of the source text as a “source”. I will use the \u27Thousand and One Nights\u27 to argue that a new concept of translation as a performative movement towards the source text can better demonstrate the complexity of translational action and expand the interpretative possibilities of translation as an interaction between a source text and a target text. The role of Antoine Galland and his translation of the ‘Thousand and One Nights’ (Les mille et une nuits) is highlighted