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    Vestigios

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    El barniz de Pasto, también conocido como Mopa-Mopa, es una técnica artesanal prehispánica originaria del suroccidente colombiano (Nariño - Putumayo), declarada patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la nación. Consiste en extraer una resina natural del árbol mopa-mopa, cocerla y teñirla con pigmentos naturales, para luego extenderla manualmente en finas láminas que se adhieren a diversas superficies mediante presión y calor. Esta técnica ha sido históricamente utilizada para la decoración de objetos de madera, especialmente cofres, peines, floreros, instrumentos musicales y muebles religiosos.  “Piel Adentro” es un performance que vincula el cuerpo humano con la resina de mopa-mopa, una materia viva con su propia autonomía. A través de la acción de estirar telas de mopa-mopa, emergen planos de color en el espacio. Con la participación de siete performers, la obra plantea un ejercicio experimental a partir del estiramiento de telas de mopa-mopa teñidas en sus colores tradicionales (blanco de cal, rojo de achiote y negro de humo) hasta que sean suficientemente grandes como para cubrir cuerpos

    El teorema de Varignon y algunas implicaciones del mismo

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    Este artículo realiza una revisión de un resultado de geometría Euclidiana que, en general, no se considera en los currículos de matemáticas de las Instituciones Educativas de enseñanza básica y media Colombiana. De manera explícita consideramos diferentes demostraciones del teorema del paralelogramo de Varignon y estudiamos algunos resultados que se deducen por aplicación de este teorema. Por ejemplo, se caracterizan las condiciones bajo las cuales este paralelogramo es un rombo y un rectángulo así como su perímetro y su área.This article reviews a result of Euclidean geometry that is generally not considered in the mathematics curricula of Colombian elementary and secondary educational institutions. We explicitly consider different proofs of Varignon's parallelogram theorem and study some results that can be deduced by applying this theorem. For example, we characterize the conditions under which this parallelogram is a rhombus and a rectangle, as well as its perimeter and area

    Effect of the application of organic materials on the physical properties of an Inceptisol

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    Soil agricultural production is vital for ensuring people's nutrition. However, improper use has led to soil degradation, reducing its productive capacity. Adding organic matter improves the physical properties of soil. This study aimed to evaluate how incorporating organic materials affects certain soil physical properties on the 'La María' farm. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments: applying raw rice husk, toasted rice husk, chicken manure, liquid organic fertilizer, and a control. There were no significant differences observed in soil penetration resistance (PR), a property linked to soil compaction and root growth potential, with values ranging from 500 to 1250 kPa at depths of 2.5 to 17.5 cm. PR also showed temporal variation depending on rainfall. Organic material additions reduced apparent bulk density from 1.63 to 1.45 g/cm³; however, this effect is temporary, and materials should be reapplied about every six months. All tested organic materials promoted soil particle aggregation, increasing it from 23.28 to 5.23 mm. Higher application rates of these materials are recommended to achieve a greater impact on the soil's physical properties.Soil agricultural production is vital for ensuring people's nutrition. However, improper use has led to soil degradation, reducing its productive capacity. Adding organic matter improves the physical properties of soil. This study aimed to evaluate how incorporating organic materials affects certain soil physical properties on the 'La María' farm. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments: applying raw rice husk, toasted rice husk, chicken manure, liquid organic fertilizer, and a control. There were no significant differences observed in soil penetration resistance (PR), a property linked to soil compaction and root growth potential, with values ranging from 500 to 1250 kPa at depths of 2.5 to 17.5 cm. PR also showed temporal variation depending on rainfall. Organic material additions reduced apparent bulk density from 1.63 to 1.45 g/cm³; however, this effect is temporary, and materials should be reapplied about every six months. All tested organic materials promoted soil particle aggregation, increasing it from 23.28 to 5.23 mm. Higher application rates of these materials are recommended to achieve a greater impact on the soil's physical properties.Soil agricultural production is vital for ensuring people's nutrition. However, improper use has led to soil degradation, reducing its productive capacity. Adding organic matter improves the physical properties of soil. This study aimed to evaluate how incorporating organic materials affects certain soil physical properties on the 'La María' farm. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments: applying raw rice husk, toasted rice husk, chicken manure, liquid organic fertilizer, and a control. There were no significant differences observed in soil penetration resistance (PR), a property linked to soil compaction and root growth potential, with values ranging from 500 to 1250 kPa at depths of 2.5 to 17.5 cm. PR also showed temporal variation depending on rainfall. Organic material additions reduced apparent bulk density from 1.63 to 1.45 g/cm³; however, this effect is temporary, and materials should be reapplied about every six months. All tested organic materials promoted soil particle aggregation, increasing it from 23.28 to 5.23 mm. Higher application rates of these materials are recommended to achieve a greater impact on the soil's physical properties

    Use of silver nanoparticles for controlling Burkholderia glumae in rice: Characterization and field results

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    Rice, Oryza sativa L., serves as a staple food for a substantial portion of the global population, making its protection against pathogens like Burkholderia glumae critically important. While recent studies have explored various nanotechnological approaches for phytopathogen control, the specific field application of silver nanoparticles against B. glumae remains poorly documented. This study evaluated the field efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a treatment against B. glumae, comparing them with traditional methods such as Starner WP (a synthetic fungicide) application. AgNPs were synthesized electrochemically and characterized by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Burkholderiaglumae detection was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Employing a randomized block design, various growth parameters of rice seedlings were analyzed during five weeks post-treatment. Application of AgNPs improved yield parameters by reducing the incidence of grains affected by B. glumae by 45%, increasing the total grain number by 20%, and raising grain weight by 15%. In contrast, root volume decreased by about 10%, a finding consistent with prior greenhouse research. Treated seedlings exhibited more intense green foliage, suggesting improved plant health. These results were corroborated by morphological variations, indicating differential impact on growth and disease resistance. This study provides valuable insights into nanotechnology applications for sustainable agriculture and emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to disease management in rice.  AgNPs represent a promising sustainable alternative to conventional bactericides.Rice, Oryza sativa L., serves as a staple food for a substantial portion of the global population, making its protection against pathogens like Burkholderia glumae critically important. While recent studies have explored various nanotechnological approaches for phytopathogen control, the specific field application of silver nanoparticles against B. glumae remains poorly documented. This study evaluated the field efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a treatment against B. glumae, comparing them with traditional methods such as Starner WP (a synthetic fungicide) application. AgNPs were synthesized electrochemically and characterized by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Burkholderiaglumae detection was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Employing a randomized block design, various growth parameters of rice seedlings were analyzed during five weeks post-treatment. Application of AgNPs improved yield parameters by reducing the incidence of grains affected by B. glumae by 45%, increasing the total grain number by 20%, and raising grain weight by 15%. In contrast, root volume decreased by about 10%, a finding consistent with prior greenhouse research. Treated seedlings exhibited more intense green foliage, suggesting improved plant health. These results were corroborated by morphological variations, indicating differential impact on growth and disease resistance. This study provides valuable insights into nanotechnology applications for sustainable agriculture and emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to disease management in rice.  AgNPs represent a promising sustainable alternative to conventional bactericides.Rice, Oryza sativa L., serves as a staple food for a substantial portion of the global population, making its protection against pathogens like Burkholderia glumae critically important. While recent studies have explored various nanotechnological approaches for phytopathogen control, the specific field application of silver nanoparticles against B. glumae remains poorly documented. This study evaluated the field efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a treatment against B. glumae, comparing them with traditional methods such as Starner WP (a synthetic fungicide) application. AgNPs were synthesized electrochemically and characterized by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Burkholderiaglumae detection was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Employing a randomized block design, various growth parameters of rice seedlings were analyzed during five weeks post-treatment. Application of AgNPs improved yield parameters by reducing the incidence of grains affected by B. glumae by 45%, increasing the total grain number by 20%, and raising grain weight by 15%. In contrast, root volume decreased by about 10%, a finding consistent with prior greenhouse research. Treated seedlings exhibited more intense green foliage, suggesting improved plant health. These results were corroborated by morphological variations, indicating differential impact on growth and disease resistance. This study provides valuable insights into nanotechnology applications for sustainable agriculture and emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to disease management in rice.  AgNPs represent a promising sustainable alternative to conventional bactericides

    Effect of calcium polysulfide on Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its primary parasitoids

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    Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease with no current cure, affecting citrus plantations worldwide. Controlling its spread relies heavily on managing the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the disease's primary vector. In response to the dependence on chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact biodiversity and induce pest resistance, this study evaluates calcium polysulfide as an alternative compatible with the parasitoids Tamarixia radiata and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis, specific biological control agents of D. citri. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions, testing six concentrations of calcium polysulfide across different developmental stages of the insects. Data distribution was reviewed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and then an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of p < 0.05, followed by Duncan’s test for mean comparisons. Results demonstrated that concentrations of 0.24% and 0.31% significantly reduced the survival of D. citri nymphs and eggs, without interfering with the emergence of parasitoids in the mummy stage, due to the protective effect of the pest’s cadaver (mummy) on the pupae. It was concluded that calcium polysulfide was not harmful to T. radiata and D. aligarhensis under exposure conditions typical of the mummy stage, and its detrimental effects on D. citri were restricted to specific developmental stages (egg and nymph), without affecting other stages evaluated. Therefore, its integration into integrated pest management (IPM) programs is feasible, provided that application timing minimizes exposure of more sensitive parasitoid stages (adults).Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease with no current cure, affecting citrus plantations worldwide. Controlling its spread relies heavily on managing the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the disease's primary vector. In response to the dependence on chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact biodiversity and induce pest resistance, this study evaluates calcium polysulfide as an alternative compatible with the parasitoids Tamarixia radiata and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis, specific biological control agents of D. citri. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions, testing six concentrations of calcium polysulfide across different developmental stages of the insects. Data distribution was reviewed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and then an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of p < 0.05, followed by Duncan’s test for mean comparisons. Results demonstrated that concentrations of 0.24% and 0.31% significantly reduced the survival of D. citri nymphs and eggs, without interfering with the emergence of parasitoids in the mummy stage, due to the protective effect of the pest’s cadaver (mummy) on the pupae. It was concluded that calcium polysulfide was not harmful to T. radiata and D. aligarhensis under exposure conditions typical of the mummy stage, and its detrimental effects on D. citri were restricted to specific developmental stages (egg and nymph), without affecting other stages evaluated. Therefore, its integration into integrated pest management (IPM) programs is feasible, provided that application timing minimizes exposure of more sensitive parasitoid stages (adults).Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease with no current cure, affecting citrus plantations worldwide. Controlling its spread relies heavily on managing the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the disease's primary vector. In response to the dependence on chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact biodiversity and induce pest resistance, this study evaluates calcium polysulfide as an alternative compatible with the parasitoids Tamarixia radiata and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis, specific biological control agents of D. citri. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions, testing six concentrations of calcium polysulfide across different developmental stages of the insects. Data distribution was reviewed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and then an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of p < 0.05, followed by Duncan’s test for mean comparisons. Results demonstrated that concentrations of 0.24% and 0.31% significantly reduced the survival of D. citri nymphs and eggs, without interfering with the emergence of parasitoids in the mummy stage, due to the protective effect of the pest’s cadaver (mummy) on the pupae. It was concluded that calcium polysulfide was not harmful to T. radiata and D. aligarhensis under exposure conditions typical of the mummy stage, and its detrimental effects on D. citri were restricted to specific developmental stages (egg and nymph), without affecting other stages evaluated. Therefore, its integration into integrated pest management (IPM) programs is feasible, provided that application timing minimizes exposure of more sensitive parasitoid stages (adults)

    Assessment of soil organic carbon fractions under sugarcane harvest residue management

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     Labile carbon (LC), measured by Permanganate oxidizable Carbon (POXC) techniques, and mineralizable carbon (MC), assessed through microbial CO₂ flux, are soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions that serve as sensitive indicators of soil management practices and soil organic matter (SOM) composition. Thus, this type of study is necessary for managing soil fertility in sugarcane cultivation systems. The experiment was based on measuring SOC fractions with different percentages of crop residue removal (T1:0%, T2:20%, T3:40%, T4:60%, T5:80%, and T6:100%) in a Pachic Vertic Haplustolls soil whose plots had the crop variety CC 93 4418. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Blocks. Samples were collected at three depths during the seventh ratoon. The plant biomass variables were expressed in tons per hectare. The effects of treatments on LC and MC were compared using analysis of variance (P-value of 0.05 or less), the Tukey test, a Pearson correlation analysis among soil properties, and a conceptual analysis between LC and MC was established through least squares linear regression. The LC across the three depths recorded significant differences, with T2 exhibiting the highest value of 328.91(mg. kg-1) and T6 exhibiting the lowest average of 272.75 (mg. kg-1). High correlations were observed between LC and soil properties such as CEC, volumetric water content, and gravimetric water content. Treatments could be directed towards high accumulation for T1 and T2 and high mineralization for T6 based on the correlation between LC and MC. Regarding the productivity parameter, T2 showed a higher TCH (211.66) with a more significant percentage change in LC increase over time. It is concluded that a soil without cover presents high CM dynamics but with low nutrient storage reflected in the CL. Labile carbon (LC), measured by Permanganate oxidizable Carbon (POXC) techniques, and mineralizable carbon (MC), assessed through microbial CO₂ flux, are soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions that serve as sensitive indicators of soil management practices and soil organic matter (SOM) composition. Thus, this type of study is necessary for managing soil fertility in sugarcane cultivation systems. The experiment was based on measuring SOC fractions with different percentages of crop residue removal (T1:0%, T2:20%, T3:40%, T4:60%, T5:80%, and T6:100%) in a Pachic Vertic Haplustolls soil whose plots had the crop variety CC 93 4418. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Blocks. Samples were collected at three depths during the seventh ratoon. The plant biomass variables were expressed in tons per hectare. The effects of treatments on LC and MC were compared using analysis of variance (P-value of 0.05 or less), the Tukey test, a Pearson correlation analysis among soil properties, and a conceptual analysis between LC and MC was established through least squares linear regression. The LC across the three depths recorded significant differences, with T2 exhibiting the highest value of 328.91(mg. kg-1) and T6 exhibiting the lowest average of 272.75 (mg. kg-1). High correlations were observed between LC and soil properties such as CEC, volumetric water content, and gravimetric water content. Treatments could be directed towards high accumulation for T1 and T2 and high mineralization for T6 based on the correlation between LC and MC. Regarding the productivity parameter, T2 showed a higher TCH (211.66) with a more significant percentage change in LC increase over time. It is concluded that a soil without cover presents high CM dynamics but with low nutrient storage reflected in the CL. Labile carbon (LC), measured by Permanganate oxidizable Carbon (POXC) techniques, and mineralizable carbon (MC), assessed through microbial CO₂ flux, are soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions that serve as sensitive indicators of soil management practices and soil organic matter (SOM) composition. Thus, this type of study is necessary for managing soil fertility in sugarcane cultivation systems. The experiment was based on measuring SOC fractions with different percentages of crop residue removal (T1:0%, T2:20%, T3:40%, T4:60%, T5:80%, and T6:100%) in a Pachic Vertic Haplustolls soil whose plots had the crop variety CC 93 4418. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Blocks. Samples were collected at three depths during the seventh ratoon. The plant biomass variables were expressed in tons per hectare. The effects of treatments on LC and MC were compared using analysis of variance (P-value of 0.05 or less), the Tukey test, a Pearson correlation analysis among soil properties, and a conceptual analysis between LC and MC was established through least squares linear regression. The LC across the three depths recorded significant differences, with T2 exhibiting the highest value of 328.91(mg. kg-1) and T6 exhibiting the lowest average of 272.75 (mg. kg-1). High correlations were observed between LC and soil properties such as CEC, volumetric water content, and gravimetric water content. Treatments could be directed towards high accumulation for T1 and T2 and high mineralization for T6 based on the correlation between LC and MC. Regarding the productivity parameter, T2 showed a higher TCH (211.66) with a more significant percentage change in LC increase over time. It is concluded that a soil without cover presents high CM dynamics but with low nutrient storage reflected in the CL

    A Agroecologia Escolar como Estratégia Pedagógica Transformadora: Uma Revisão Sistemática das Experiências em Soberania Alimentar e Educação Ambiental (2020-2024)

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    This systematic review analyzes experiences with school agroecology to promote food sovereignty and environmental education during the period 2020-2024. Twenty-seven empirical studies, primarily from Latin America, were selected using the PRISMA method. The results show that these experiences transcend food production, becoming transformative spaces for interdisciplinary learning, the recovery of traditional knowledge, and the development of ecological awareness. Five trends were identified: pedagogical diversification, contributions to food sovereignty, environmental strengthening, revaluation of traditional knowledge, and sustainability factors. Success factors include curricular integration and community involvement, while challenges such as curricular fragmentation and financial dependence persist. School agroecology emerges as a relevant pedagogical strategy for developing critical citizenship, requiring coherent educational policies for its sustainability.Esta revisión sistemática analiza experiencias de agroecología escolar para promocionar soberanía alimentaria y educación ambiental durante 2020-2024. Mediante método PRISMA se seleccionaron 27 estudios empíricos, principalmente latinoamericanos. Los resultados evidencian que estas experiencias trascienden la producción alimentaria, constituyéndose en espacios transformadores de aprendizajes interdisciplinarios, recuperación de saberes tradicionales y desarrollo de conciencia ecológica. Se identificaron cinco tendencias: diversificación pedagógica, aportes a soberanía alimentaria, fortalecimiento ambiental, revalorización de saberes tradicionales y factores de sostenibilidad. Los factores de éxito incluyen integración curricular e involucramiento comunitario, mientras persisten desafíos como fragmentación curricular y dependencia financiera. La agroecología escolar emerge como estrategia pedagógica pertinente para formar ciudadanías críticas, requiriendo políticas educativas coherentes para su sostenibilidad.Esta revisão sistemática analisa as experiências com a agroecologia escolar para promover a soberania alimentar e a educação ambiental durante o período de 2020 a 2024. Vinte e sete estudos empíricos, principalmente da América Latina, foram selecionados através do método PRISMA. Os resultados mostram que estas experiências transcendem a produção de alimentos, tornando-se espaços transformadores para a aprendizagem interdisciplinar, o resgate de conhecimentos tradicionais e o desenvolvimento da consciência ecológica. Foram identificadas cinco tendências: diversificação pedagógica, contributos para a soberania alimentar, reforço ambiental, revalorização dos conhecimentos tradicionais e fatores de sustentabilidade. Os factores de sucesso incluem a integração curricular e o envolvimento da comunidade, enquanto persistem desafios como a fragmentação curricular e a dependência financeira. A agroecologia escolar surge como uma estratégia pedagógica relevante para o desenvolvimento da cidadania crítica, exigindo políticas educativas coerentes para a sua sustentabilidade

    La enseñanza del manejo integral de residuos sólidos a través de la inteligencia artificial.

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    The educational proposal was implemented in the classroom to promote the comprehensive management of solid waste in high school students, specifically in cycle III of the Bolivarian Educational Center of the city of Pasto. The general objective of this proposal was to analyze the learning achieved in the comprehensive management of solid waste from the development of an innovative educational strategy, mediated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). To achieve this general objective, the following specific objectives were established: to identify the teaching strategies used for the comprehensive management of solid waste, to describe the comprehensive management of solid waste developed by the students and to propose an educational strategy for the development of competencies in the comprehensive management of solid waste, mediated by artificial intelligence. In addition, this strategy allowed students to develop knowledge about the comprehensive management of solid waste, to reduce the volume of waste generated by the work unit and to highlight the lack of basic competency standards in the topic of comprehensive management of solid waste. The proposal is based on a Critical Social Paradigm that promotes reflection and critical thinking. It is framed in a mixed research with a quasi-experimental method, which analyzes the acquired learning in a quantitative way through entrance and exit tests, and in a qualitative way with the application of an observation guide and documentary review. During the development of the proposal, entrance and exit tests were used to evaluate previous and final knowledge, an observation guide and a documentary review guide to establish the gaps in the institution's documentation regarding the integral management of solid waste and for the construction of a booklet. Regarding results, it can be inferred that the research contributed to learning about the integral management of solid waste, leading to the creation of ECOESTÁNDARES, a didactic unit and a virtual learning environment supported by artificial intelligence. The comparative analysis between the entrance and exit tests showed an enrichment and appropriation of knowledge and behaviors on the integral management of solid waste.La propuesta educativa se implementó en el aula para favorecer el manejo integral de residuos sólidos en estudiantes de bachillerato, específicamente del ciclo III del Centro Educativo Bolivariano de la ciudad de Pasto. El objetivo general de esta propuesta fue analizar los aprendizajes alcanzados en el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos a partir del desarrollo de una estrategia educativa innovadora, mediada por la Inteligencia Artificial (IA). Para lograr este objetivo general, se establecieron los siguientes objetivos específicos: identificar las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas para el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos, describir el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos desarrollado por parte de los estudiantes y proponer una estrategia educativa para el desarrollo de competencias en el manejo integral de residuos sólidos, mediada por la inteligencia artificial. Además, esta estrategia permitió desarrollar en los estudiantes conocimientos sobre el manejo integral de residuos sólidos, disminuir el volumen de desechos generados por la unidad de trabajo y evidenciar la falta de estándares básicos de competencias en la temática del manejo integral de residuos sólidos. La propuesta se basa en un paradigma crítico social que promueve la reflexión y el pensamiento crítico. Está enmarcada en una investigación mixta con un método cuasi experimental, que analiza los aprendizajes adquiridos de forma cuantitativa a través de pruebas de entrada y salida, y de forma cualitativa con la aplicación de una guía de observación y revisión documental. Durante el desarrollo de la propuesta, se utilizaron pruebas de entrada y salida para evaluar conocimientos previos y finales, una guía de observación y una guía de revisión documental para establecer los vacíos en la documentación de la institución frente al manejo integral de residuos sólidos y para la construcción de una cartilla. En cuanto a resultados, se puede inferir que la investigación contribuyó al aprendizaje sobre el manejo integral de residuos sólidos, llevando a la creación de ECOESTÁNDARES, una unidad didáctica y un entorno virtual de aprendizaje apoyado con la inteligencia artificial. El análisis comparativo entre las pruebas de entrada y salida mostró un enriquecimiento y apropiación de conocimientos y comportamientos sobre el manejo integral de residuos sólidos

    EL VALOR DE LA FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN ARQUITECTURA E INGENIERÍA CON TECNOLOGÍA DRON

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    In contemporary professional education, meaningful learning experiences have been promoted through the combined use of analog and digital tools, facilitating a broader and more comprehensive knowledge construction. This article reflects on the impact of the use of drones in the academic processes of Architecture disciplines. Through a qualitative and descriptive approach, it analyzes the experiences of students, highlighting how this technological tool has enriched their training and generated significant results. The research is based on a non-probabilistic random selection of students who attended or had contact with the Diploma in Drone Applications in Architecture and Engineering, offered at the Universidad Santo Tomás, Sectional Bucaramanga. The results show that the integration of drones in the academic and professional environment not only facilitates access to new technologies, but also reinforces fundamental technical skills, preparing future architects and engineers to face the challenges of an increasingly demanding and innovative oriented labor market.En la educación profesional contemporánea, se han promovido experiencias de aprendizaje significativas a través del uso combinado de herramientas analógicas y digitales, facilitando una construcción del conocimiento más amplia e integral. Este artículo reflexiona sobre el impacto del uso de drones en los procesos académicos de las disciplinas de Arquitectura. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, se analizan las vivencias experimentadas por los estudiantes, resaltando cómo esta herramienta tecnológica ha enriquecido su formación y generado resultados significativos. La investigación se fundamenta en una selección aleatoria no probabilística de estudiantes que cursaron o tuvieron contacto con el Diplomado en Aplicaciones de Drones en Arquitectura e Ingeniería, ofrecido en la Universidad Santo Tomás, Seccional Bucaramanga. Los resultados evidencian que la integración de drones en el ámbito académico y profesional no solo facilita el acceso a nuevas tecnologías, sino que también refuerza competencias técnicas fundamentales, preparando a los futuros arquitectos e ingenieros para enfrentar los retos de un mercado laboral cada vez más exigente y orientado hacia la innovación

    Impacto e influencia de los RED (Recursos educativos digitales) en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

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    Este artículo destaca el impacto de los Recursos Educativos Digitales (RED) en la educación, señalando cómo han facilitado el acceso al conocimiento y promovido un aprendizaje más inclusivo. Los RED deben ser accesibles, interactivos y adaptables, utilizando multimedia para atraer la participación de los estudiantes. Además, la alfabetización digital es esencial para que estos recursos se usen eficazmente. Se subraya la responsabilidad de emplear los RED para crear una educación inclusiva y de calidad, beneficiando a estudiantes en situaciones desfavorecidas y transformando la enseñanza a través de la tecnología

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