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Evaluating Sustainable Energy Standards in Hospitality Architecture: a Case Study of Trabzon's Zorlu Grand Hotel
No full textSustainability, eco-friendly design, and green design concepts have become prevalent due to the negative consequences of globalization. Sustainability various fields, such as health and architecture, in addition to impacting the tourism sector. Sustainable hotel practices begin with the site selection for the building. are based on the principle of considering the building, environment, and human as a whole, adopting principles that aim to minimize environmental problems preserve natural resources. In this study, Trabzon Zorlu Grand Hotel, which green hotel certificate and occupies an important location in Trabzon, was discussed highlight the significance of sustainability in hotel buildings and emphasize environmental awareness. The study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, theoretical context was developed. In the second stage, data related to the study were obtained, and an interview was conducted with a hotel official using observation method. In the final stage, the obtained data were evaluated, recommendations were presented. The findings suggest that the hotel generally the sustainable hotel criteria in the context of water, waste management, energy, transportation, pollution, materials, sustainable lands, management, indoor and innovation
Intensive Care Unit Isolate Staphylococcus Aureus Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance
No full textNozokomiyal enfeksiyonlar hasta, hasta yakınları ve sağlık personelleri için küresel sorundur. Yoğun bakım üniteleri akut ya da kronik hastalıkların seyrinde görülebilen ve hayati tehlike arz eden hastalıkların tedavisinde geliştirilen ünitelerdir. Bu nedenle bu birimlerdeki hastaların izlenmesi çok önemli olmaktadır. Çeşitli hasta profillerinin bulunduğu multidisipliner bir kurum olan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde tedavi gören hasta popülasyonu da zaman içerisinde değişebilmektedir. Özellikle ileri yaş nüfusunda artış, malignite tedavilerde, cerrahi müdahale ve diğer tanı tekniklerindeki ilerlemelerle beraber toplumsal beklentilerindeki artış ile beraber birçok etken nedeniyle yoğun bakım üniteleri daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Retrospektif planlanan çalışmamıza Ocak 2023-2024 tarihleri arasında yetişkin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde en az 5 gündür yatan 100 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalara ait demografik özellikleri (yaş, cinsiyet gibi) ile kan, biyokimya parametreleri ve kültür (kan, yara, balgam, idrar, gaita, kateter) örnekleri hastaneye ait kayıtlardan elde edildi ve değerlendirmeye alındı. Hastaların giriş ve 5. ün C-reaktif protein (CRP), nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLO), laktat (LAC), Hemoglobin (HGB), beyaz kan hücreleri (WBC) değerleri çalışmaya dahil edildi. NLO yoğun bakım hastalarının değerlendirilmesinde ve bakteriyeminin belirlenmesinde önemli bir belirteçtir ve bulgularımıza göre bu değer yüksektir. CRP düzeyi hastaların neredeyse tamamında çok yüksek bulunmakla beraber hastaneye yatış yaptığı zamana göre daha fazla artış göstermiştir ancak bu artış anlamlı bulunmamıştır. LAC düzeyleri de yüksek bulunmuş olup bu durum LAC yüksekliğinin yoğun bakımda yatan hastalarda sepsisi göstermesi açısından önemlidir. HGB konsantrasyon oranlarında ise önemli düşüş görülmüştür. WBC değerleri ilk güne göre artış göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak NLO, CRP ve WBC değerlerinin yüksek, HGB değerlerinin düşük olması yoğun bakımda yatan hastaların prognozunu kötü etkileyebilir. Hastalardan alınan örneklerden tespit edilen 31 Stapylococcus suşları kan, balgam, yara, kateter kültüründen izole edilmiştir. S.aureus suşlarının, levofloxacin, erythomycin, tetracycline, nitroforantoin, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin MIC, clindamycin, fusidic acid ve oxsf antibiyotiklerine karşı direnç gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Sonuçlarımıza dayanarak hastanede yatış süresi uzadıkça mortalitenin de arttığı bilinen bir gerçek olduğundan ve hasta ile hasta ilişkili bireylerin de yaşamını riske atacağından bu değerlerin takip edilmesi erken teşhis ve tedaviye başlanılması açısından fayda sağlayacağını söyleyebiliriz.Nosocomial infections are a global problem for patients, their relatives and healthcare personnel. Intensive care units are units developed for the treatment of life-threatening diseases that can be seen in the course of acute or chronic diseases. Therefore, monitoring of patients in these units is very important. The patient population treated in intensive care units, which are multidisciplinary institutions with various patient profiles, can also change over time. Intensive care units have become more important due to the increase in the elderly population, advances in malignancy treatments, surgical and other diagnostic techniques, and the increase in society's expectations and many accompanying factors. 100 patients who were hospitalized in adult intensive care units for at least 5 days between January 2023-2024 were included in our retrospective planned study. Demographic characteristics of the patients such as age and gender, blood, biochemical parameters and culture (blood, wound, sputum, urine, stool, catheter) samples were obtained from hospital records and evaluated. The patients' C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate (LAC), Hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cells (WBC) values at the beginning and the 5th day were included in the study. NLR is an important marker in the evaluation of intensive care patients and in the determination of bacteremia, and according to our findings, this value is high. Although the CRP level was found to be very high in almost all patients, it increased more than when they were admitted to the hospital, but this increase was not found to be significant. LAC levels were also found to be high, and this is important in terms of LAC elevation indicating sepsis in patients in intensive care. A significant decrease was observed in HGB concentration rates. WBC values increased compared to the first day. As a result, high NLR, CRP and WBC values and low HGB values may adversely affect the prognosis of patients in intensive care. A total of 31 Stapylococcus strains were isolated from blood, sputum, wound, and catheter cultures from culture samples taken from patients. S.aureus strains were found to be resistant to levofloxacin, erythomycin, tetracycline, nitroforantoin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin MIC, clindamycin, fusidic acid, and oxsf antibiotics. Based on our results, we can say that since it is a known fact that mortality increases as the duration of hospitalization increases and that the lives of the patient and the individuals related to the patient are also at risk, monitoring these values will be beneficial in terms of early diagnosis and initiation of treatment
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Anchusa Officinalis: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential
No full textKeskin, Cumali/0000-0003-3758-0654Objective: Anchusa officinalis L. (A. officinalis) is a herbaceous traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of some diseases. The presence of its medicinal properties suggested that A. officinalis (AO) leaf extract could be used as a coating agent for the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: The synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (AO-AgNPs) were characterized using different techniques. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against common bacterial pathogenic strains was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The presence of phytochemicals was determined by LSMS/MS. The MTT assay was used to investigate AO-AgNPs' cytotoxic activity in malignant (LnCap, Caco2, MDA-MB2, A549) and healthy (HEK-293) cell lines. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis detected the presence of rich phytochemicals that may be responsible for reduction reactions. Biogenic AO-AgNPs exhibited effective inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at low concentrations. The most effective antimicrobial activity was measured as 0.5 mu g/mL MIC against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Moreover, AO-AgNPs showed significant inhibition on the growth of cancerous cell lines, especially at a concentration of 25 mu g/mL. On the contrary, it was determined that the inhibition rate decreased in the growth of healthy cell lines due to the increase in concentration. The lowest EC50 values were determined as 15.15 mu g/mL in A549 cells. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that AO could be an important source for the synthesis of AgNPs. Especially their ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria at low concentrations compared to common antibiotics indicates that AOAgNPs can be used as biomedical agents in various areas. Moreover, their suppressive effect on cancerous cell lines showed that they have the potential to be used as an anticancer agent, but due to their proliferative effect on healthy cell lines, care should be taken in determining the appropriate dose.Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Unit [MAU.BAP.21.SHMYO.099]; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran [73919]C.K was supported by Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Unit (Grant no: MAU.BAP.21.SHMYO.099) , and E. A was supported by the kidney research center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Grant no: 73919)
Diyarbakır’ın Destinasyon Rekabetçiliğinin Turizm Paydaşları Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi
No full textDestinasyonların daha büyük pazar payları elde etmesinde destinasyon rekabet gücü önemli bir unsurdur. Turizm yöneticileri ve uygulayıcıları, destinasyonun rekabet avantajlarını tespit etmeli ve bu tespitlerden yola çıkarak destinasyonun rekabetçi konumunu analiz etmelidir. Ülkelerin veya destinasyonların turizm sektöründen ne ölçüde yararlanabileceği ulusal ve uluslararası pazardaki rekabetçi konumuna bağlıdır. Bu bilgiler ışığında bu araştırmanın amacı, Diyarbakır’ın destinasyon rekabet gücünün turizm paydaşları tarafından değerlendirilmesi ve katılımcıların destinasyon rekabet gücü algılamaları arasında farklılık olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırmanın önemi, destinasyon politika yapıcılarına rehberlik etmektir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda, Diyarbakır destinasyonunda yer alan turizm paydaşlarına yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle uygulanan 403 adet anket formu vasıtasıyla elde dilen verilere tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve farklılık analizleri uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, Diyarbakır’ın destinasyon rekabetçiliği konusunda genel olarak güçlü unsurlara sahip olduğu ve bu unsurlar içerisinde birinci derecede önemli unsurların doğal kaynaklara, ikinci derece önemli unsurların destek kaynaklara dayandığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın bir diğer sonucuna göre, destinasyon rekabetçiliği yapılarından doğal kaynaklar ile yapay kaynaklar, destek kaynaklar, destinasyon yönetimi, durumsal koşullar ve talep koşulları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır
Digital Perspectives of Sumela Monastery in the Interaction of Cultural Heritage and Technology
No full textThe rapid development of technology has a significant impact on the preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage. This study aimed to investigate the impact of technology on historical buildings through digital perspectives of Sumela Monastery in Trabzon (Turkey). The study consists of 4 stages: data collection, field study, photogrammetric modelling and evaluation process. A digital model of the Sumela Monastery was built, the place of digital documentation processes in conservation criteria was revealed, and the monastery model was introduced to a wide audience through the Sketchfab platform. Furthermore, sections from different programs that this digital model can be imported were presented. These digital perspectives provide new possibilities for the documentation, preservation and interactive exploration of heritage. This paper emphasises the role of technology in the field of cultural heritage and discusses the importance of the digitisation of the Sumela Monastery. © 2010 eum edizioni università di macerata Registrazione al Roc n. 735551 del 14/12/2010
The Effect of Argumentation-Based Activities on the Development of Moral Reasoning
No full textThis study aims to investigate the effects of argumentation-based activities on moral reasoning development of 4th-grade primary school students. A concurrent nested mixed method was employed. The sample consisted of 30 fourth grade students from a primary school. Before and after the argumentation-based activities “Moral Reasoning Scenarios Inventory” was administered, then interviews were conducted with the students regarding the scenarios. It was found that there was a significant difference in favor of post-intervention results, with a decrease in students’ hedonistic and punishment avoidance reasoning, and an increase in the norm and rule-based, the good-empathy of the other, social approval-based and rights and justice-based reasoning. When the students’ argumentation activities and their views on moral situations were considered together, it was concluded that argumentation-based activities have a positive effect on the development of students’ moral reasoning. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface Texture Investigation of a Novel Nickel-Supported Magnetic Nanocatalyst (Hierarchical Layered) for Efficient Hydrogen Production (Hydrolysis/Alcoholysis)
No full textIn this study, Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni magnetic nanocatalysts (MNCs) were synthesized for the first time. Various characterization techniques, including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pulsed sample magnetometer, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and surface area measurement (BET), have been used to elucidate the structure and morphology of Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs. The average particle size, surface area, and saturation magnetization value of Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs have been measured as 7.97 nm, 60.11 m2/g, and 43.49 emu/g, respectively. The Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs were determined to be superparamagnetic. EPR analysis was used to calculate the g-factor values before and after sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis of Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs, which were found to be 4.81 and 4.95, respectively. This value indicates that the electrons surrounding the oxygen vacancies formed on the catalyst surface can enhance transport efficiency and improve catalytic activity. It was optimized by many parameters in hydrogen production with hydrolysis/alcoholysis of NaBH4 using Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs. For hydrogen production by NaBH4 hydrolysis of Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs, it has been carried out using 265 mM NaBH4, 75 mg Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs, and 20 mL of pure water/methanol at room temperature. The amount of hydrogen produced under optimum conditions has been measured as 1533 mL/min & sdot;gcat. It was determined that the reusability performance of Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs showed a minor decrease of 8.42 % compared to the initial usage after the sixth cycle. These results show that Fe3O4@TROMETHAMINE-Ni MNCs are a promising material with advantages such as high efficiency in hydrogen production and the ability to be used repeatedly.Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Fund [MAU.BAP.23.SHMYO.003]This work was supported by the Mardin Artuklu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Fund (grant number MAU.BAP.23.SHMYO.003)
Mawlānā Shīblī Nu'mānī and His Historiography
No full textAydınlanma çağında insanlık tarihini her yönüyle etkileyen siyasi gelişmeler yaşanmış, bu durum bilimsel alanda ve özellikle tarih yazımında yeni yaklaşım ve değişimleri beraberinde getirmiştir. İslam tarihi ve siyer yazıcılığı da bu gelişmelerden nasibini almıştır. Bu tezin amacı da XIX. ve XX. yüzyılda yaşamış ve dönemin tarih alanındaki değişimlerini, çalışmalarına özgün tarzıyla, başarılı bir şekilde aktaran Şiblî Nu'mânî'nin hayatını ve tarihçiliğini incelemektir. Temel problemini Şiblî Nu'mânî'nin hayatı ve İslâm tarihi yazıcılığının oluşturduğu bu çalışmada, evvelemirde tarihçinin bakış açısını etkileyen şartları tespit edinilmiştir. Bu nedenle giriş bölümünde İslâmiyet'in Hint alt kıtasındaki yayılışı, bölgede kurulan İslâm devletleri ve İngilizlerin Doğu Hindistan Şirketi ile bölgede başlayan hâkimiyetine yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca burada İngilizlerin söz konusu hâkimiyeti dinî-ideolojik vasıtalarla güçlendirme gayretleri ve Hintli Müslümanların onların bu yayılma politikalarına karşılık dinî ve kültürel alandaki ihya girişimlerinden doğan fikir ve ekoller de ele alınmıştır. Ardından Şiblî Nu'mânî'nin Hint alt kıtasının en hareketli günlerine denk gelen hayatı, multidisipliner çalışmaları ve Urdu dilinde tarih yazıcılığını başlatma eylemi ve bu eylem altında yatan, Müslüman toplumda milli ve kültürel bilinç oluşturma gayesi irdelenmiştir. Şiblî; tarihçiliğini genel anlamda Müslüman toplumu eğitmek amaçlı, oryantalist düşüncelere karşı savunmacı bir tarzla biyografi türü üzerinden inşa etmiştir. Hz. Peygamber'in hayatını konu edindiği çalışması ise XIX. yüzyılda siyer üzerinden Hz. Muhammed'in imajını karalama girişimlerine karşılık Şiblî, Hz. Peygamberin hayatını bir inanç meselesi olarak öne sürmüş ve diğer siyer çalışmalarından farklı olarak siyer ile kelâm ilmini birleştirmeyi tasarlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda o, İslâm âlimlerinin kelâm ilmi dâhilinde inanç esasları kapsamına giren konuların kaynak tercihindeki titizliklerini siyer çalışmasına uyarlamıştır. Ayrıca İslâm tarihi sahasındaki tüm çalışmalarında, oryantalistlerin İslâm tarihine yönelik iddialarına cevap veren bir kurgu takip etmiş olup savunmacı ve reddiyeci tarih anlayışını geliştirmiştir. O, yaşadığı asrın hümanist ve modern söylemlerinin de tesiriyle sîret çalışmasında; Hz. Peygamber'in hayatından kadınlara verilen değere, zımmî halkların hak ve hukukuna ve de insan hakları ile güzel ahlak konuları için özel başlıklara yer vermiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hint Alt Kıtası, Tarih Yazımı, Siyer, Oryantalist, On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl, Mevlânâ ŞiblîIn the Age of Enlightenment, there were political developments that would affect the history of humanity in every aspect, and this situation brought about new approaches and changes in the scientific field and especially in historiography. Islamic history and siyar writing also had its share of these developments. The aim of this thesis is to examine the life and historiography of Shiblī Nu'mānī, who lived in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and successfully conveyed the changes in the field of history of the period to his works with his unique style. In this study, the main problem of which is Shiblī Nu'mānī's life and Islamic historiography, firstly, the conditions affecting the historian's point of view were identified. For this reason, the introduction includes the spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, the Islamic states established in the region, and the British rule in the region that began with the East India Company. In addition, the efforts to strengthen this dominance through religious-ideological means and the ideas and schools arising from the attempts of Indian Muslims to revive their religious and cultural revival efforts in response to these expansion policies are also discussed. Then, Shiblī Nu'mānī's life, which coincided with the most active days of the Indian subcontinent, his multidisciplinary studies and his action of initiating historiography in Urdu language and the aim of creating national and cultural consciousness in the Muslim society underlying this action were analysed.Synthesising modern historical methodology and classical Islamic historical methods, Shiblī established a bridge between the old and the new with his understanding of history. The main sources of this study, which is an analysis and discussion of Shiblī Nu'mānī's understanding of history and historiography and an analysis and discussion of his works, have been his works in the field of Islamic sciences and Islamic history. In particular, his works reflecting his understanding of Islamic history and his siyar work on the life of the Prophet constituted the primary sources of the thesis. Shiblī constructed his historiography through the genre of biography in order to educate the Muslim society in general and in a defensive manner against orientalist ideas. His work on the life of the Prophet Muhammad, on the other hand, was designed to counter the attempts to defame the image of the Prophet Muhammad through siyar in the nineteenth century, as Shiblī put forward the life of the Prophet as a matter of faith and unlike other siyar works, he combined siyar with the science of theology. In this context, he adapted the meticulousness of Islamic scholars' choice of sources in theology to the study of siyar. In addition, in all his works in the field of Islamic history, he followed a fiction in response to the orientalists' claims about Islamic history and developed a defensive and refutational understanding of history. With the influence of the humanist and modern discourses of his century, he included special titles on the value given to women, the rights and laws of the dhimmi peoples and human rights and good morals from the life of the Prophet in his sīrah study. Keywords: Indian Subcontinent, Historiography, Sira, Orientalist, Nineteenth Century, Mawlana Shibl
A Comprehensive Analysis Of Arum Dioscoridis Plant Leaf Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1 M Hcl: Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Analysis Observations, Experimental and Dft Studies
No full textArslanhan, Selim/0009-0001-4302-5238; doner, ali/0000-0002-3403-5370Background: Corrosion occurs wherever metal and its alloys exist. Protection of metals with corrosion inhibitor is a popular topic. Considering environmental concerns and human health, it is more favorable to use green corrosion inhibitors than traditional corrosion inhibitors. Methanol extract of Arum dioscoridis (AD) becomes a potential green corrosion inhibitor and it can be used in industrial areas. Methods: Corrosion efficiency, corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of Arum dioscoridis leaf extract on mild steel (MS) are illuminated in 1 M HCl by Tafel curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), zero charge potential, structural and surface morphological analysis and density functional theory (DFT). Significant findings: The extract function as mixed-type corrosion inhibitor with predominantly cathodic action. Inhibition efficiency was reached the value of 97 %. Polarization resistance is measured as 761 Omega cm2 at 1000 ppm of AD. The high inhibition efficiency was attributed to phytochemicals in the AD extract. A high activation energy (70.34 kJ/mol) for inhibited solution than that of in blank solution (49.66 kJ/mol). Both physisorption and chemisorption are responsible for formation of a protective layer on MS surface to inhibit the electrochemical reactions. Optimized molecular structures in phytochemicals confirmed the inhibitive properties via DFT.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [124Z058]This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 124Z058. The authors thank to TUBITAK for their supports. Special thanks to Hatice YILDIZ from Alatepe village in Kilis for helping to collect this plant. Besides, the authors would like to thank to Mardin Artuklu University due to contributions
Muscular Strength and Endurance Adaptations To Functional Resistance Training in Young Elite Field Hockey Players
No full textBackground: Functional strength training (FST) has gained considerable attention due to its potential in enhancing muscle strength, endurance, and body composition, especially among athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a 12-week FST program on performance outcomes such as muscle strength, muscular endurance, and body composition in elite male field hockey players. Methods: The study involved 28 male athletes from the T & uuml;rkiye Hockey Federation Super League, with a mean age of 27.54 +/- 1.34 years and an average athletic experience of 7.62 +/- 0.48 years. The mean height of participants was 180.28 +/- 4.54 cm, and their mean weight was 75.59 +/- 3.08 kg. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 14) and the control group (n = 14). Pre-intervention assessments were conducted to evaluate muscle strength (Leg Extension, Leg Curl, Bench Press, Pushdown), muscular endurance (30-s Sit-up and Push-up tests), and body composition [Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (BFP)]. The experimental group participated in the FST program three times per week for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained their usual training regimen. Post-test evaluations were performed using the same testing protocols. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess the interaction effects of group and time (pre-test vs post-test). Partial eta squared (eta(2)) values were used to report effect sizes, and statistical significance was set at p = 0.01), moderate (>= 0.06), and large (>= 0.14). Results: Significant group x time interaction effects were found for all measured variables (p < 0.05). The experimental group showed greater improvements in body composition, muscle strength, and muscular endurance compared to the control group. Specifically, the experimental group experienced a significant reduction in BMI (pre-test: 21.17 +/- 0.64 kg/m(2), post-test: 19.84 +/- 0.85 kg/m(2), p < 0.001) and BFP (pre-test: 15.36% +/- 0.62%, post-test: 12.13% +/- 0.47%, p < 0.001), while the control group showed minimal changes in these variables. Muscle strength improvements in the experimental group were significant for Leg Extension (pre-test: 83.93 +/- 4.87 kg, post-test: 66.07 +/- 4.01 kg, p = 0.003), Leg Curl (pre-test: 99.29 +/- 7.81 kg, post-test: 118.21 +/- 5.04 kg, p < 0.001), and Bench Press (pre-test: 66.43 +/- 6.91 kg, post-test: 87.14 +/- 4.69 kg, p < 0.001). In contrast, the control group did not show significant improvements in these tests. Muscular endurance was also superior in the experimental group for both the 30-s Sit-up (pre-test: 19.21 +/- 0.97, post-test: 23.36 +/- 1.28, p < 0.001) and Push-up (pre-test: 24.66 +/- 2.53, post-test: 27.04 +/- 0.81, p < 0.001) tests. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) indicated moderate to large effects for all measured variables, with d values ranging from 0.46 to 1.14 for strength and endurance improvements. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that a 12-week FST program significantly improves muscle strength, endurance, and body composition in elite male field hockey players. These results suggest that incorporating FST into athletic training regimens may optimize performance and enhance overall physical fitness in athletes.The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article