MAU GCRIS Standard Database (Mardin Artuklu University)
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Inspiratory Muscle Training in Natural Bodybuilders: Adaptations in Diaphragm Muscle Thickness and Maximal Strength
No full textBackground: The effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness (DT) and one repetition maximal (1RM) in professional natural bodybuilders is still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm muscle thickness and 1RM in professional natural bodybuilders. Methods: The study comprised a total of 22 athletes who participated in bodybuilding competitions. Each athlete had undergone a minimum of 5 years of training, with a minimum weekly commitment of 5 hours. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and control (CON). The CON continued their normal training regime, while the IMT group also performed inspiratory muscle training with a 10% weekly increase by setting the resistance setting of the PowerBreathe (R) Classic device to 40% of the participant's maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Prior to and during the 4-week training period, 1RM bench press measurements and diaphragm muscle thickness measurements were obtained. Results: In the comparison of 1RM power values before and after training, it was determined that the IMT group (%: 11.20) had 6.3% more post-activation performance enhancement compared to the CON group (%: 4.9) (p < 0.001). In the study, it was determined that a higher level of significant post-activation performance enhancement was obtained in the IMT group compared to the CON group in the diaphragm muscle thickness inspiratory phase (DT ins) and ekspiratory phase (DT eks) parameters at 20.36% and 19.46%, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, we determined that the addition of progressive loading inspiratory muscle training to preparation programmes in natural bodybuilders will improve diaphragm muscle thickness, 1RM physical performance. In particular, it shows that the diaphragm muscle should be considered not only as a muscle that supports respiration, but also as a muscle that contributes to power generation by optimising intra-abdominal pressure.The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article
Dietil Ftalat (DEP) Maruziyetinin Wistar Albino Dişi Sıçanların Tiroit Fonksiyonu Üzerine Genotoksik Etkilerinin Araştırılması
No full textYaygın olarak kullanılan bir plastikleştirici olan dietil ftalat (DEP), endokrin bozulma ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, subakut DEP maruziyetinin Wistar dişi sıçanların tiroit dokusu üzerindeki genotoksik etkilerini; tiroit hormon düzeyleri, oksidatif stres parametreleri, DNA hasarı ve histomorfolojik değişiklikler üzerinden değerlendirildi. Yirmi sekiz dişi Wistar albino dişi sıçanı dört gruba (n=7) ayrılmıştır: kontrol, 100 mg/kg/gün, 300 mg/kg/gün ve 600 mg/kg/gün DEP uygulama grupları. DEP, oral gavaj yoluyla 21 gün süreyle verildi. Deney sonunda serum TSH, T3 ve T4 düzeyleri ELISA ile; oksidatif stres belirteçleri (TAS, TOS, OSI) biyokimyasal analizlerle; DNA hasarı ise Comet Assay yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Histopatolojik incelemeler yapılmış ve vücut ağırlıkları takip edilmiştir. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırmalarda; T3, T4 düzeylerinde azalma (P<0.05), TSH düzeyinde ise artış izlenmiştir (p<0.05), TAS ve OSI düzeyinde azalma (p<0.05), TOS düzeyinde ise artış izlendi (p<0.05). Comet Assay sonuçları, DNA bütünlüğünde bozulma ve hücresel hasarın DEP dozunun artması orantılı yükseldiği (kuyrukta % DNA (tail DNA)) görüldü (p<0.05). Bununla beraber tiroit dokusunda belirgin bir histopatolojik değişime rastlandı. Elde edilen bulgular, DEP'nin tiroit fonksiyonu üzerinde doza bağlı genotoksik etkilere sahip olabileceğini, endokrin ve hücresel düzeyde ciddi bozukluklara yol açabileceğini gösterdi. Bu sonuçlar, DEP'ye karşı çevresel ve bireysel maruziyetin sınırlandırılması gerekliliğini ortaya koydu.Diethyl phthalate (DEP), a widely used plasticizer, is associated with endocrine disruption and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of subacute DEP exposure on thyroid tissue of Wistar female rats through thyroid hormone levels, oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage and histomorphological changes. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups (n=7): control, 100 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day and 600 mg/kg/day DEP groups. DEP was administered by oral gavage for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, serum TSH, T3, and T4 levels were evaluated by ELISA; oxidative stress markers (TAS, TOS, OSI) were evaluated by biochemical analysis; and DNA damage was evaluated by Comet Assay method. Histopathological examinations were performed and body weights were monitored. In comparisons with the control group; T3, T4 levels decreased (P<0.05), TSH levels increased (p<0.05), TAS and OSI levels decreased (p<0.05), and TOS levels increased (p<0.05). Comet Assay results showed that DNA integrity deterioration and cellular damage increased proportionally with the increase in DEP dose (tail DNA%) (p<0.05). However, a significant histopathological change was observed in the thyroid tissue. The findings show that DEP may have dose-dependent genotoxic effects on thyroid function and may cause serious disorders at the endocrine and cellular levels. These results reveal the need to limit environmental and individual exposure to DEP
Indication-Based Planning for Tracheostomy in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: a Comprehensive Approach
No full textBackground: Tracheostomy in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) is an important procedure that has become increasingly common in the last decade, reflecting advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care. Methods: Main clinical diagnoses were grouped according to the organ system involved. Indications for tracheostomy were defined as the main reason for performing a tracheostomy. Patients were categorized into 4 categories according to the indications for tracheostomy. Namely, airway anomalies (AA), central nervous system (CNS) diseases, cardiopulmonary insufficiency (CPI), and neuromuscular diseases (NMD). Results: Nontraumatic neurological diseases were present in 30 patients (43.4%), genetic or metabolic diseases in 15 (21.7%), infection and sepsis in 9 (13%), malignancy in 6 (8.6%), cardiorespiratory disorders in 5 (7.2%), and trauma in 4 (5.7%). In group analysis, there was no difference in the frequency of early and late problems between newborns and older children. Conclusion: The timing of tracheostomy in the PICU is an important factor that has a significant impact on patient outcomes. The available literature provides valuable insight into the potential benefits of early tracheostomy in improving outcomes in critically ill pediatric patients. © 2025 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD
Association of Gla-Rich Protein (GRP) With Inflammatory Markers in Critically Ill Patients: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
No full textObjectives: Gla-rich protein (GRP), a vitamin K-dependent protein, has been increasingly recognized for its dual role in modulating inflammation and inhibiting pathological calcification. Despite its emerging importance in chronic conditions, limited evidence exists regarding its behavior during acute critical illness. This study aimed to investigate the association between GRP, systemic inflammatory markers, oxidative stress (via total thiol oxidation-reduction ratio, TORR), and calcium metabolism in critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 93 critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 60 age- and sex-matched non-critically ill volunteers. Serum GRP levels were measured using ELISA. Other biomarkers including TORR, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell count (WBC), immature granulocytes (IGs), and serum calcium were also analyzed. Pearson's correlation, multivariate linear regression, and ROC analysis were performed to assess the relationships among GRP and biochemical markers, as well as their capacity to differentiate ICU patients from controls. Results: GRP, TORR, CRP, PCT, WBC, IGs, and ferritin levels were significantly elevated in ICU patients compared to the control group, whereas serum calcium levels were markedly reduced (all p < 0.05). GRP levels demonstrated moderate positive correlations with WBC (r = 0.47), neutrophils (r = 0.51), TORR (r = 0.42), CRP (r = 0.30), and IGs (r = 0.46), and a strong negative correlation with calcium (r = -0.63). In multivariate regression, TORR, CRP, WBC, IGs, PCT, and calcium levels showed significant correlations with GRP levels in univariate analysis. ROC analysis revealed that CRP had the highest discriminatory power (AUC = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.94), followed by TORR (AUC = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71-0.86), GRP (AUC = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68-0.84), and IGs (AUC = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69-0.85), for distinguishing ICU patients from non-critically ill individuals. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that GRP is significantly associated with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium metabolism disturbances in critically ill patients. The combined evaluation of GRP and TORR may enhance the understanding of inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms in acute critical illness. Although this study did not assess patient outcomes, these biomarkers could serve as promising candidates for future prognostic research in ICU settings
Güney Sudan’ın Bağımsızlığında Petrolün Rolü
No full textAfrika’da doğal kaynakların bolluğu, “kaynak laneti” perspektifinden değerlendirildiğinde çatışmalar, iç savaşlar, şikâyetleri olan halklar ve devlet zayıflığı ile ilişkilendirilebilir. Çalışma, bir ayrılma hareketinin bağımsızlıkla sonuçlanmasında etkili olan unsurlardan doğal kaynaklar özelinde petrolü, Güney Sudan vakası için detaylandırmaktadır. Bu sayede ayrılmanın nedenleri olarak kabul edilebilecek faktörlerin bağımsızlık sonrasındaki durumları saptanarak, bağımsızlığın kalıcı bir çözüm olup olmadığı tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak ayrılmanın yapısal faktörleri bağlamında, Güney Sudanlı halkların ayrılma talebinin temelini oluşturan şikâyetler, İngiltere sömürge yönetimi politikaları üzerinden detaylandırılmaktadır. Güney Sudan’ın bağımsızlığından sonra petrolün etkinliği; Güney ve Kuzey arasındaki paylaşım krizleri (tartışmalı sınırlar), yeni bağımsız devlette çıkan iç savaş ve Güney Sudan petrolünün devlet dışı aktörler arasında dağıtımı sırasında ortaya çıkan istikrarsızlıklar şeklinde geliştirilen satır başları ile açıklanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, doğal kaynaklar ve farklılaşmış grup kimlikleri bir ayrılma hareketinin bağımsızlığa ulaşmasında belirleyici olsa da tek başına yeterli nedenleri meydana getirmemektedir. Nitekim Güney Sudanlı halklara bir kurtuluş formülü olarak sunulan ayrılma hareketini güçlendiren petrolün varlığı, bağımsızlık sonrası yeni devletin istikrarını bozan değişkenlerden biri olmuştur
In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticholinesterase Activities, and Phenolic and Heavy Metal Compositions of Prunus Avium Fruit Extracts
No full textPrunus avium L. (P. avium) is one of the most admired fruits for its organoleptic and nutritional value. This research examined cherry fruit chloroform and methanol extracts antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial, and chemical and elemental abilities. The extracts antioxidant capacity was assessed by evaluating total phenolic and flavonoid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. P. avium fruit chloroform (Chl) extract had the greatest phenolic and flavonoid content. However, the methanol (Me-OH) extract exhibited stronger radical-scavenging activity. The extracts antibacterial activity was determined using the MIC method, and the enzyme inhibition activity was ascertained using a spectroscopic technique. Both extracts inhibited Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) growth at low concentrations better than standard antibiotics. The phenolic chemicals that could be causing the biological activity in the extracts were identified using LC-MS/MS. Major components in methanol extract were cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and citric acid, while in chloroform extract vanillic acid, cichoric acid, and chlorogenic acid. Additionally, the presence of zinc, copper, mercury, iron, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium in P. avium fruits was investigated by ICP-OES Optical Emission Spectrometry. Mercury, nickel, and selenium weren't detected in the sample, while arsenic was beyond permitted levels. The fruit of P. avium may have potential biological and industrial applications owing to its rich biochemical and elemental composition and its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticholinesterase capabilities
Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Artuklu District (Mardin) Türkiye High School Students
No full textDocumentation of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge from past to present is valuable in terms of sustainability and use of natural resources and should be done before this rich heritage is lost. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge of students about plants used ethnobotanically in their living environments and to transfer this valuable information to future generations by recording it. The research was conducted with 213 students in a total of 8 high schools, 4 of which are located in the Artuklu district center and 4 high schools in 4 large rural neighborhoods where students from almost every rural neighborhood are educated. Structured and semi-structured face-to-face survey interviews were conducted to collect information about ethnobotanical uses of plants. According to the information received from the high school students, it was determined that 48 taxa belonging to 27 families were used by the local people for medicinal and food purposes. The most frequently used families were Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae. The highest usage values (UV) were recorded in Malva neglecta (0.37), Gundelia tournefortii (0.32), Centaurea hyalolepis (0.24), Lepidium draba (0.24) and Portulaca oleracea (0.23). It was observed that students living in the rural areas of the district had more knowledge about wild plants than students living in the district center. However, it was also seen that having knowledge about plants with ethnobotanical use and understanding the importance of this knowledge was not sufficient for the continuity of traditional knowledge
Government Partners in Climate Neutrality: Leadership, HRM, and Strategic Policy Integration
No full textThe pursuit of climate neutrality, as a critical component of sustainable development, necessitates a strategic and comprehensive approach that integrates management practices, organizational strategies, and human resource management (HRM). It is imperative that governments and businesses collaborate to establish frameworks that facilitate the transition toward a climate-neutral economy. This transition is contingent upon robust leadership within organizations, wherein a dedication to sustainability is evidenced by the formulation of explicit environmental objectives, the allocation of suitable resources, and the integration of climate-related goals into overarching business strategies. The role of HRM is pivotal in this transformation, as it fosters a culture that aligns employee motivation and engagement with sustainability efforts, thus enhancing organizational performance in environmental initiatives. Moreover, the strategic integration of environmental management into core business operations has shifted from being a peripheral concern to a central organizational priority. This shift necessitates the development of innovative business models that not only prioritize sustainability but also achieve profitability. Thus, collaboration between government entities and businesses plays a crucial role in fostering an environment conducive to climate action. Businesses, through their operational insights and innovation capabilities, can offer critical feedback to policymakers, ensuring that climate-related regulations are both practical and effective. Therefore, the integration of climate neutrality into strategic government policy is not only an organizational imperative but also a societal one, requiring a multifaceted approach involving leadership, HRM, and government-business partnerships to achieve lasting climate-neutral outcomes. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Empirik ve Fenomenolojik Epistemolojinin Tabula Rasa ve Epokhe Üzerinden Karşılaştırılması
No full textBu makalede epistemolojide önem arz eden Empirizm ve Fenomenolojinin tabula rasa ve epokhe üzerinden bir karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda sorunun derinlemesine ele alınması ve tartışılması için üç filozun görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Bu filozoflardan biri olan Husserl’in fenomenolojik bakış açısında epokhe, epistemoloji için öne çıkan bir kavramdır. Bunun yanında çok önceden Locke ve Hume, empirik bir yaklaşım içinde bilgi sorununu ele almışlar ve bilginin kesinliğini bu doğrultuda tartışmışlardır. Tabula rasa, Rasyonalistlerin doğuştan gelen fikirlerin olduğu tezine karşı Empiristlerin zihnin boş bir levha olduğu iddiasını taşır. Buna göre tabula rasa, iddia edildiği şekliyle doğru ve gerçek bilgiye ulaşmak için bir araçtır. Bununla birlikte tabula rasa sadece doğuştan gelen fikirleri reddeden bir bakış açısı olmayıp aynı zamanda gerçek bilgiye ulaşmayı engelleyen fikirleri de zihnimizden çıkarmayı hedefler. Bu yönüyle Locke ve Hume’un epistemolojik bakış açısıyla Husserl’in bakış açısındaki temel yakınlıkların olduğu ifade edilebilir. Ontolojik bir metafizik içine girip epistemolojiden uzaklaşma tehlikesine karşın dikkatli olmak gerektiğinden Locke, Hume ve Husserl bilginin kesinliği sorununa ve bu dünyaya ait olması konusuna yoğunlaşmışlardır. Epokhe, Husserl tarafından öne sürülmüş olup şeylere doğrudan ulaşmayı amaçlayan bir yöntem olarak karşımıza çıkar. Buradaki temel sorun, varolanın bilgisine doğrudan ulaşmak veya varolanın bilgisine doğrudan ulaşmayı engelleyecek her türlü önkabullerden kurtulmaktır. Bu yönüyle hem tabula rasa hem epokhe, bilginin kesinliğinin nasıl gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiğini soruşturmak için gereklidir. Dolayısıyla çalışmamız, tabula rasa ve epokhe’nin benzerliklerini ve farklılıklarını Locke, Hume ve Husserl bağlamında incelemeyi hedeflemiştir
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2 Core-Shell Magnetic Nanocomposite Functionalized With 4-Piperidinecarboxylic Acid for Dynamic Adsorption of Xylene
No full textKutluay, Sinan/0000-0002-4987-6789In the present study, a novel Fe3O4@SiO2@4-PCA core-shell magnetic nanocomposite (NC) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for its potential in the removal of xylene in the gas phase, a volatile organic compound (VOC). Comprehensive characterization techniques including SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET, TGA and VSM were employed to analyze the structural and functional properties of Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2, and Fe3O4@- SiO2@4-PCA NCs. Among the materials tested, Fe3O4@SiO2@4-PCA exhibited the highest xylene adsorption capacity of 649 mg/g, significantly outperforming Fe3O4 (251 mg/g) and Fe3O4@SiO2 (372 mg/g). Kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second order model best described the adsorption process, while isotherm analysis showed a strong fit with the Langmuir model, suggesting a favorable physical adsorption mechanism. It was highlighted that the adsorption mechanism of xylene on Fe3O4@SiO2@4-PCA NCs can be attributed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, van der Waals interactions, functional groups and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, re-usability tests demonstrated that Fe3O4@SiO2@4-PCA maintained 90.48 % of its re-use efficiency after five cycles, highlighting its stability and practical applicability. The enhanced adsorption performance is attributed to the hierarchical modification and surface functionalization with 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (4-PCA), which increases the active sites and interactions with xylene. Fe3O4@SiO2@4-PCA demonstrated exceptional potential as an adsorbent for xylene, with superior performance compared to existing materials. These findings suggest that Fe3O4@SiO2@4-PCA NCs are promising candidates for VOC removal in industrial applications, offering a sustainable approach to reducing air pollution and protecting the environment