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Comparison of AI Applications and Anesthesiologist's Anesthesia Method Choices
No full textAkelma, Hakan/0000-0002-0387-8738; Toktas, Izzettin/0000-0002-3616-9399Background in medicine, Artificial intelligence has begun to be utilized in nearly every domain, from medical devices to the interpretation of imaging studies. There is still a need for more experience and more studies related to the comprehensive use of AI in medicine. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of AI to make decisions regarding anesthesia methods and to compare the most popular AI programs from this perspective. Methods the study included orthopedic patients over 18 years of age scheduled for limb surgery within a 1-month period. Patients classified as ASA I-III who were evaluated in the anesthesia clinic during the preoperative period were included in the study. The anesthesia method preferred by the anesthesiologist during the operation and the patient's demographic data, comorbidities, medications, and surgical history were recorded. The obtained patient data were discussed as if presenting a patient scenario using the free versions of the ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini applications by a different anesthesiologist who did not perform the operation.Results over the course of 1 month, a total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study. It was observed that both the anesthesia specialists and the Gemini application chose spinal anesthesia for the same patient in 68.5% of cases. This rate was higher compared to the other AI applications. For patients taking medication, it was observed that the Gemini application presented choices that were highly compatible (85.7%) with the anesthesiologists' preferences. Conclusion AI cannot fully master the guidelines and exceptional and specific cases that arrive in the course of medical treatment. Thus, we believe that AI can serve as a valuable assistant rather than replacing doctors
Architectural and Zoning Activities in Municipality Since 2000: Mardin Artuklu District Example
No full textBelediyeler, kentlerin sağlıklı, estetik ve işlevsel bir şekilde gelişmesi için en önemli yerel aktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Özellikle 2000 yılından itibaren yerel yönetimlerin yetki ve sorumluluk alanlarında yaşanan genişleme, belediyelerin kent planlama, mimari uygulamalar ve imar faaliyetlerinde daha aktif bir rol üstlenmesini sağlamıştır. Bu dönemde belediyecilik anlayışı yalnızca hizmet sunan bir yapıdan çıkmış; şehirleri şekillendiren, yaşam kalitesini artırmaya çalışan bir yönetime dönüşmüştür. Mimarlık ve imar uygulamaları, kentlerin kimliğini belirleyen, kültürel dokuyu koruyan ve geleceğe dönük vizyonlar üreten stratejik araçlara dönüşmüştür. Belediyecilik uygulamalarında 'iyi planlama, iyi yönetimdir' anlayışı giderek ön plana çıkmış; bu kapsamda kamu yapılarının tasarımı, çevre düzenlemeleri ve kentsel dönüşüm gibi alanlarda ciddi ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Bu tez çalışması, Mardin'in merkez ilçesi olan Artuklu 'da 2000 yılından günümüze belediyecilik anlayışındaki dönüşümün mimarlık ve imar faaliyetlerine nasıl yansıdığını incelemektedir. Artuklu'nun tarihi ve kültürel mirası göz önüne alındığında, bu süreçte gerçekleştirilen planlama faaliyetlerinin yerel kimlik üzerindeki etkisi ayrıca önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, Artuklu Belediyesi'nin uyguladığı imar planları, hayata geçirdiği mimari projeler ve kent estetiğine yönelik müdahaleler analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye'deki genel belediyecilik yapısının tarihsel gelişimi ile yerel uygulamalar arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiş; karşılaşılan yapısal sorunlara dikkat çekilmiştir. Tezin sonucunda, Mardin Artuklu örneğinden hareketle, belediyelerin mimarlık ve imar alanında daha etkili olabilmeleri için öneriler geliştirilmiş; yerel yönetimlerin kent mekânına dair karar alma süreçlerindeki rolü vurgulanmıştır.Municipalities play a crucial role in ensuring the healthy, aesthetic, and functional development of cities. Since the 2000s, the expansion of the authority and responsibilities of local governments in Türkiye has enabled municipalities to take a more active role in urban planning, architectural practices, and zoning regulations. During this period, the concept of municipal governance has evolved beyond merely providing services, becoming a key actor in shaping cities and improving the quality ofurbanlife. Architecture and zoning practices have become strategic tools that shape urban identity, preserve cultural heritage, and create visions for the future. The approach of 'good planning is good governance' has gained prominence, particularly in areas such as the design of public buildings, environmental regulation, and urban transformation. This thesis examines how the transformation in municipal governance since the 2000s has been reflected in the architectural and zoning practices of Artuklu Municipality, the central district of Mardin. Considering Artuklu's rich historical and cultural heritage, the impact of urban planning activities on local identity is of particular importance. The study analyzes the zoning plans implemented by the municipality, architectural projects realized, and interventions made in urban aesthetics. In addition, the historical development of municipal governance in Türkiye and its relationship with local practices are evaluated, and existing structural challenges are addressed. The thesis concludes with a set of policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of municipalities in the fields of architecture and zoning, emphasizing the decisive role of local governments in shaping urban space
Mental and Physical Outcomes of Yoga Participation in Women with Spinal Disorders: A Qualitative Study
No full textYoga, a holistic practice supporting both physical and mental integrity, has gained increasing attention in recent years as a public health-promoting activity. Particularly among women with spinal disorders (e.g., hernia, lordosis, scoliosis, kyphosis), yoga is recognized not only for improving physical functionality but also for contributing significantly to psychosocial parameters such as stress management, self-awareness, and life satisfaction. In this context, the present study aimed to explore the mental and physical outcomes of regular yoga practice in women diagnosed with spinal disorders, using qualitative methods. This study was conducted using a phenomenological design, as the participants had experienced the situation under investigation. It included semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 15 adult participants diagnosed with spinal disorders and with at least 3 months of yoga experience. In line with the nature of qualitative research, the number of participants was deemed sufficient, and it was accepted that data saturation was reached through the interviews conducted with 15 participants. The findings revealed multidimensional benefits, including mental and physical relaxation, improved stress management, postural enhancement, better quality of life, and increased self-compassion. Participants also highlighted the positive influence of yoga on body-mind balance, awareness of personal limits, and a deeper understanding of their condition. These results suggest that yoga functions both as a physical intervention and a psychological support mechanism for women with spinal disorders, promoting active engagement in their treatment process and enhancing public health outcomes. In conclusion, yoga practice was found to provide significant and sustainable contributions to spinal health and overall psychosocial well-being
Peygamber'in Sünneti Işığında Mali İşlemlerin Kontrol Edilmesi ve Bunlara İlişkin Esasların Belirlenmesinin Hikmeti
No full textBu akademik çalışma, İslam'ın temel kaynaklarından biri olan Nebevî sünnetin, mali işlemleri düzenleme konusundaki hikmetli yaklaşımını kapsamlı şekilde ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) uygulamaları ve hadisleri çerçevesinde, ekonomik ilişkileri düzenleyen prensiplerin birey ve toplum üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, sünnetin mali işlemler üzerindeki etkisi şu yönlerden analiz edilmiştir: 1. İnsanları zarardan ve ihtilaflardan koruma amacı: Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v.), sosyal düzenin ve ekonomik güvenliğin sağlanması için “ضَرَرَ وَلاَ ضِرَارَ لاَ - Zarar vermek de yoktur, zarara zararla karşılık da yoktur” şeklindeki temel kaideyi ortaya koymuştur. Bu ilkeye dayanarak, bireylerin hem kendilerine hem de başkalarına maddi zarar vermesini engelleyecek çeşitli uygulamaları yasaklamıştır. Örneğin; bir satıcının başka bir satıcının müşterisini aldatarak onun üzerinden satış yapması (bey’ ale’l-bey’), şehirlinin köylü adına satış yapması (el-hâdir li’l-bâdî), fiyat yükseltmek için sahte müşteri rolü oynanması (Neceş), sütü sağılıp eksiltilmiş hayvanın dolu gösterilerek satılması (Musarrâ), kira ödemelerinin keyfi şekilde ertelenmesi gibi uygulamalar sünnet tarafından açıkça yasaklanmıştır. Bu yasaklar, ekonomik işlemlerde adaletin ve şeffaflığın sağlanmasına hizmet etmektedir ve aynı zamanda bireylerin haklarını teminat altına almaktadır
The Cistercians as an Ascetic Order and Their Influence on the Second Crusade
No full textHer din ve/veya inanç, kurucusunun ortaya çıktığı tarihten uzaklaştıkça özünden uzaklaşır, farklı kollara ayrılır hatta ana düşünceden sapar. Bir de Roma İmparatorluğu'nun yıkıntısı üzerinde bulunan Avrupa, 10. yüzyıla kadar güvenlik, hukuk, eğitim ve siyasi alanlarda ciddi istikrar sorunları yaşamıştır. Bölgenin içerisinde bulunduğu şartlar göz önünde bulundurulunca mezkûr konular çok daha fazla görülmüştür. Ancak süreç içerisinde ortaya çıkan karizmatik veya kahraman kişiler bu gidişata karşı çıkarak öze dönüş özlemiyle yeni oluşumlar göstermiştir. 11. yüzyılda, Avrupa'nın bu bozulmuş düzenine karşı dini yaşama yoğun bir dönüş olmuştur. Buna karşın manastırlar kuruldu ve başta Kluni Tarikatı, Hristiyan dinine ve manastır hayatına olan güveni tazelemiştir. 11. yüzyıl Avrupa için hem dini hem de siyasi alanda ciddi değişimlerin olduğu bir asır olmuştur. Siyasi desteği de arkalarına alan tarikatlar, her geçen gün büyüyerek daha etkin bir rol almışlardır. Ancak Kluni Tarikatı da büyümenin etkisiyle kendi içerisinde eleştirilere maruz kalmış ve tarikat kendi içerisinde bölünmeler yaşamıştır. Başrahip Robert, Orta Çağ Avrupa'sının 11. yüzyılında, cemaatlerin dünyevileşmelerinden ve monastik yaşamdan uzaklaşmalarından rahatsızlık duyup, Kluni Tarikatı'ndan ayrılarak kırsal bölgelerde asketik bir hayat yaşamayı tercih etmiştir. Yanına Alberic, Stephen ve on dokuz kişi daha alarak 21 Mart 1098'de, Latince ismi Cistercium olan Citeaux'da yeni bir manastır kurmuştur. Adını kurulduğu köyden alan Sistersiyen Tarikatı, asıl ününe ve gücüne ise ikinci kuşak liderlerinden biri olan Clairvauxlu Aziz Bernard zamanında kavuşmuştur. O yüzden tarikatın inançsal, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı ve Aziz Bernard'ın tarihsel kişiliği ve siyasi etkinliği tezin ana muhtevasını oluşturacaktır.Every religion and/or belief moves away from its essence, splits into different branches and even deviates from the main idea as it moves away from the date of its founder. Also, Europe, which is on the ruins of the Roman Empire, had serious stability problems in security, law, education and politics until the 10th century. Considering the conditions in the region, the aforementioned issues have been seen much more. However, charismatic or heroic people who emerged in the process opposed this trend and showed new formations with a longing to return to their essence. In the 11th century, there was an intense return to religious life against this corrupt order of Europe. However, monasteries were established, and the Kluni Order, in particular, restored confidence in the Christian religion and monastic life. The 11th century has been a century of serious changes both in religion and politics for Europe. The sects, which also received political support, grew day by day and took a more active role. However, the Kluni Sect was also subject to criticism due to the growth and the sect experienced divisions within itself. High Priest Robert, in the 11th century of Medieval Europe, was dissatisfied with the secularization of the communities and their distance from the monastic life, and preferred to live an ascetic life in the rural areas by leaving the Kluni Order. Taking Alberic, Stephen, and nineteen others with him, he founded a new monastery in Citeaux, whose Latin name was Cistercium, on March 21, 1098. The Cistercian Order, which took its name from the village where it was founded, gained its real fame and power during the time of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, one of its second generation leaders. Therefore, the religious, social and economic structure of the order and the historical personality and political activity of St. Bernard will form the main content of the thesis
Biological Effect of Thiazole-Containing Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine on Different Sizes of Gold Nanoparticles
No full textThis study aims to design multidisciplinary bioagents for a wide range of biological applications. The synthesis and characterization of 4,5-bis((4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)thio)phthalonitrile (a) and its octa-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative (b) were described in this study. Additionally, gold nanoparticles were synthesized in three different sizes, including 10 nm (1), 45 nm (2), and 80 nm (3). Macromolecule (b) was used for surficial functionalization of gold nanoparticles (1-3) to prepare nanoconjugates (1-3b). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antibiofilm, antidiabetic, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage activities of biocandidates (b, 1-3, and 1-3b) were examined to determine the optimum size of gold nanoparticles and the effect of modifying groups on their bioactivity in this study for the first time. The highest antioxidant activities were obtained for biocandidates (b and 1b) at 100 mg/L. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were obtained at 32 mg/L for bioagents (b, 1, and 3b) against E. faecalis whereas the MIC value was obtained at 32 mg/L for 1b against E. hirae and E. faecalis. Bioagents (b and 1-3b) exhibited high APDT activities (16 mg/L) against the studied microorganisms. The highest biofilm inhibition activities were obtained 94.57 and 89.28% for 50 mg/L nanoconjugate (1b) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. All the studied biocandidates inhibited 100% E. coli viability at 50 mg/L. The antidiabetic activities of biocandidates (b, 1-3, and 1-3b) were obtained between 7.52 and 100 mg/L. Bioagents (2, 3, 1b, and 2b) destroyed the DNA integrity, as well. The significant improvement in the biological activities of gold nanoparticles confirmed that new nanoconjugates especially 1b can be considered promising medical nanomaterials after further clinical investigation.Yuksekogretim Kurulu [YOK]; Higher Education Council of Turkiye [TGA-2024-45319]; Research Fund of the Istanbul Technical UniversityThis work was supported financially by the Higher Education Council of Turkiye (YOK). The authors appreciate the funding by the Research Fund of the Istanbul Technical University (ADEP Project Number: TGA-2024-45319)
Antibiotic Resistance and Mortality in Icu Patients: a Retrospective Analysis of First Culture Growth Results
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic resistance patterns of microorganisms isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) patients and evaluate their impact on mortality and length of ICU stay. Given the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in critically ill patients, understanding their resistance profiles is crucial for optimizing empirical antibiotic therapy and improving patient outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study included 237 ICU patients admitted between 1 July 2022, and 1 January 2024. The initial culture growth results from blood and urine samples were analyzed. Microorganism identification was performed using VITEK 2 Compact and conventional bacteriological methods, while antibiotic susceptibility testing followed CLSI 2022 and EUCAST 2022 guidelines. Results: A total of 237 ICU patients were included in this study. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (E. coli) (44.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (35.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (25.3%), with Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (31.2%) being the most resistant pathogen. Among Gram-positive bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (12.2%) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (21.5%) were the most frequently identified multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, carbapenem resistance was highest in A. baumannii (55%), followed by P. aeruginosa (40%) and K. pneumoniae (30%). Additionally, ESBL-producing E. coli (43.2%) and K. pneumoniae (38.5%), as well as carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (18.6%) and E. coli (9.2%), were identified as key resistance mechanisms impacting clinical outcomes. Patients with MDR infections had significantly longer ICU stays (p = 2 ng/mL, OR: 2.8, p = 0.008) and CRP (>= 100 mg/L, OR: 2.2, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with ICU mortality. Additionally, patients who remained in the ICU for more than seven days had a 1.4-fold increased risk of mortality (p = 0.02), further emphasizing the impact of prolonged hospitalization on adverse outcomes. Conclusions: MDR pathogens, particularly A. baumannii, MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, are associated with longer ICU stays and higher mortality rates. Carbapenem, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, and aminoglycoside resistance significantly impact clinical outcomes, emphasizing the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship programs. ESBL, p-AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales further worsen patient outcomes, highlighting the need for early infection control strategies and optimized empirical antibiotic selection. Biomarkers such as procalcitonin and CRP, alongside clinical severity scores, serve as valuable prognostic tools for ICU mortality
Evaluation of Admissions and Inappropriate Referrals To Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Outpatient Clinics
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic profiles of patients admitted to pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition outpatient clinics within the scope of the state service obligation and to determine the reasons for inappropriate referrals. Methods: A total of 10,235 patients admitted to the pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition outpatient clinics of Mardin Training and Research Hospital between 2022 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software according to demographic and clinical variables such as age, gender, reasons for admission and diagnoses. Results: Of the patients examined, 49.1% were girls and 50.9% were boys, and the most common reason for presentation was inadequate weight gain with a rate of 46%. However, malnutrition or another nutritional disorder was not detected in 28% of the patients referred with a diagnosis of inadequate weight gain. Malnutrition was diagnosed in a total of 1,710 cases, of which 8.2% were mild malnutrition, 5.3% were moderate malnutrition, and 4.2% were severe malnutrition. No pathological findings were found in 40.8% of the applicants. It was also found that most of the complaints of constipation and diarrhea, which are common reasons for admission, can be effectively treated in primary and secondary health care services. Conclusions: The results of the study show that a significant proportion of referrals to pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinics are unnecessary and that referrals can be reduced by evaluating these patients in primary and secondary care, thereby increasing the efficiency of health care services
Women's Pilgrimages in the Islamic World and Their Contributions and Services To Harameyn
No full textHac ibadeti, İslâm dininin en önemli ibadetlerinden biridir. İslâm'ın ilk yıllarından itibaren encamı kadınlar için daha zor olan bu ibadet sabır ve cesaret gerektiren bir eylemdi. Hacca giden ve gidemeyen birçok Müslüman kadın bu organizasyonun selameti için hem bedenen hem de madden destek vermiş, birçok kadın yolculara ve Mekke ve Medine fakirlerine götürülmek üzere hatırı sayılır bağışlarda bulunmuşlardır. Servet sahibi kadınların tarih boyunca bu merasimin sağlıklı bir şekilde yürütülmesinde katkıda bulunulmuş, bu hayyire hanımlar kurdukları vakıflarla her yıl düzenli olarak hacılara yardım göndermişlerdir. Öte yandan kadınlar tarih boyu hac hatıralarını kaleme almış, yaşadıkları tecrübeyi kaydetmiştir. Fakat ne yazık ki bu kadınlardan günümüze bir elin parmaklarını geçmeyen sayıda eser ulaşabilmiştir. Bunun sebebi ise yolculuğun getirdiği zorluklar sebebi ile kadınların erkeklere nazaran sınırlı sayıda yerine getirebildiği bir ibadet olma özelliği taşımasıdır. Eski dönemlerin zor şartlarında hac vazifesini yerine getiren kadınların sayısı sınırlı olsa da onların tecrübelerinin günümüze aktarılması, İslâm'a ve hac ibadetine kadın perspektifinden bakılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İslâm dünyasında kadınların hac yolculukları ve sefer hizmetleri ve yazdıkları hac hatıratları incelenmektedir. Bu hatıratlar ibadetin, kadınlar açısından önemini ve zorluklarını anlamak açısından büyük bir önem taşımaktadır.Hajj is one of the most significant acts of worship in Islam. Since the early years of Islam, this form of worship, which was more challenging for women, required patience and courage. Many Muslim women, both those who were able to perform Hajj and those who could not, supported this organisation physically and financially. Numerous women made substantial donations to be delivered to travellers and the poor of Mecca and Medina. Wealthy women have played a vital role in ensuring the smooth execution of this ceremony throughout history. These philanthropic women regularly sent aid to pilgrims every year through the foundations they established. Additionally, women have documented their pilgrimage experiences throughout history, recording their memories and observations. Unfortunately, only a limited number of these works have survived to the present day. This is primarily because the journey was fraught with difficulties, making it a form of worship that women could perform less frequently compared to men. While the number of women who undertook the pilgrimage under the challenging conditions of earlier periods was limited, their experiences, passed down to us, offer a unique perspective on Islam and the act of pilgrimage from a woman's point of view. This study examines the pilgrimages and expedition services of women in the Islamic world, as well as the pilgrimage memoirs they wrote. These memoirs are invaluable for understanding the significance and challenges of this act of worship from a woman's perspective
Toponimik Bir Araştırma: Ğurs Yöresindeki Yer Adları ve Adlandırma Biçimleri
No full textDi vê xebatê de di çarçoveya toponîmîyê de em li ser navlêkirinên cih û warên devera Xursê rawestiyan. Me gundên devera Xursê ku girêdayî navçeya Qosera Mêrdînê ye û awayên navlêkirina van gund û teşeyên erdnigarîya li wir bi awayekî toponîmîk, coxrafîk, etnoxrafîk û dîrokî nirxand. Di vê xebata xwe de me awayên navlêkirinên dozdeh gundên devera Xursê û teşeyên erdnîgarîyê li gor cure û taybetmendîyên pêkhatinên toponîmîyê rave kirin û da ber çavan da ku em bizanin niştecihên ku li van deveran jiyane bi çi hesasiyet, tevger û hişmendiyê navlêkirina van cih û waran pêk anîne. Di gel vê jî me di xebata xwe de di bin siya navên teşeyên erdnîgarîyê de jîngeh û şûnwarên qedîm, tirbe, qonax, avahî, kanî, gol, şikeft, pir, aş, zinar, gir, bexçe, daristan, kele, teht, hwd. û çend termên erdnîgarîyê ku bi piranî tenê ji hêla niştecihên devera Xursê ve dihate bikaranîn bi cih kir. Me hin termên erdnîgarîyê yên ku tomar kirine, li gor watayên ku ji hêla niştecihên vê deverê ve li van termên erdnîgarîyê hatine barkirin, şirove kirin û bi ferhengan re berawird kirin. Di ber de jî me hin termên erdnîgarîyê yên tomarkirî ku di tekstên klasîk de jî derbas dibûn dan ber çavan. Bi tevahî sed û çil pênc gundên Qoserê hene. Ji ber ku ne pêkan bû em vê xebata xwe ya sehayê li hemû gundan pêk bînin, me ji van gundan tenê gundên devera Xursê yên ku girêdayî navçeya Qoserê ne hilbijartin. Di gel van malûmatan derheqê sedema navlêkirinên gund û teşeyên erdnîgarîyê de vegêranên gel ên ku hatine tomarkirin jî di vê xebatê de cih girtine da ku bi kêrî çanda gelêrî ya Kurdî bê. Em dizanin ku navlêkirin an binavkirinên cih û warekî di encama hafizeyeke kolektîf de pêk tê. Bi vê hişmendiyê jî em tevgeriyan ka gelo li devera Xursê tesîra guherîna navên cih û waran li ser bîra hevpar a niştecihên vê deverê bi çi awayî bû. Di encamê de ev mudaxeleyên ku ji hêla dewletê ve li guherîna navan hatiye kirin ji hêla niştecihan ve di jiyana rojane de bi çi awayî hatiye pejirandin û li hember vê rewşê çi bertek hatiye nîşandan hîn bûn û me ev dane hemû daxilî zanista gelêrî ya Kurdî kirin. Di pêvajoya vê xebatê de ji niştecihên vê deverê daneyên giring hatin berhevkirin û tomarkirin û di gel vê jî bi saya rê û rêbazên weku çavdêrî, hevpeyvîn, hevdîtinên rûbirû hin malûmat û agahiyên bikêrhatî hatin bidestxistin. Herî dawî di vê pêvajoya xebata xwe de ji bo ku em xwe bigihînin dane û malûmatên mîsoger, me arşîvên dezgehên mulkî yên îdarî jî referans girtin. Ji bilî rêbaza berhevkarîya li sehayê daneyên ku hatin berhevkirin li gorî zanista toponîmîyê hatine senifandin û nirxandin. Weku encam me sed û bîst çar navên cih û warên Devera Xursê berhev kirin û derbarê Xursê û awayê binavkirina cih û waran de gihiştin qenaetekê.Our field study was a toponymic study, that is, we focused on the place names of the Ghurs region. We evaluated 12 villages and geographical forms of the Ghurs region of Kızıltepe district of Mardin in a historical, ethnographic, geographical and toponymic way. In this study, we interpreted the naming forms of 12 Ghurs villages and geographical forms according to the characteristics and types of toponymic formations and evaluated and revealed the consciousness and sensitivity with which the inhabitants of this region named place names. In addition, under the name of geographical forms, we have included old living spaces and structures, shrines, mansions, fountains, lakes, caves, bridges, mills, castles, mountains, gardens, forests, rocks and a few geographical terms mostly used by the inhabitants of the Ghurs region. We have interpreted the meanings attributed to these geographical terms by the inhabitants of the region and according to the Mesopotamian Foundation Dictionary. In addition, we have identified and revealed the geographical terms recorded and mentioned in classical texts. Kiziltepe has a total of 145 villages. Since we could not apply our fieldwork to all villages, we selected only the villages in Ghurs Bilgi of Kızıltepe district. In addition to information on the reasons for the formation of villages, habitats and geographical forms, we have tried to contribute to Kurdish Folk Culture by including the collected folk discourses in this study. We know that place names are formed as a result of a collective memory. We acted with this awareness and tried to find out how the change of place names in the Ghurs region affected the collective memory of the inhabitants of the region, whether the interventions made to these names were adopted by the inhabitants of the region in daily life or what kind of reaction they encountered, and we included all these data in Kurdish Folklore. In the process of our study, we collected important data from the inhabitants of the region, and in addition to this, important information was obtained by using methods and techniques such as observation, dialogue and face-to-face interviews. At the end of our study, in order to reach solid information and data, we firstly referred to folk discourses and then to the archives of the Civil Administration Institutions. Apart from the compilation method in the field, the compiled data were classified and evaluated according to the science of toponymy. As a result, we have compiled 124 toponyms of the Ghurs region. We have come to a conclusion about Ghurs and the ways in which toponyms are given