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dünyadaki Bazı Ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de Hemşire İstihdamı
Get PDFFor a well-functioning health system, employing a sufficient number of appropriately qualified nurses is essential. The quantity and quality of nursing care are affected by the physical conditions of the workplace, support services, information systems, administrative practices, training and experience of nurses, care delivery models, and the number of nurses in the unit. Many criteria have been developed considering these different variables. These criteria are used in line with the health policies of each country. The aim of this review is to offer a framework for the employment policies of nurses in the world and Turkey. © 2023 The Authors
The Pelvis
No full textThe pelvis is a ring-shaped structure located between the trunk and lower extremities. The hip bone consists of three separate bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. These bones fuse in the acetabulum region, appearing as a single bone in adults. The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae. The coccyx consists of four fused coccygeal vertebrae. The hip bones join with the sacrum posteriorly by the sacroiliac joint. Anteriorly, they unite by the symphysis pubis and take the form of a ring. The term “pelvis” is used for the bones that make up the pelvic ring, which is composed of bony structures, and the stabilizing ligaments associated with them; the space enclosed by the bony structure located below the pelvic inlet and above the pelvic floor is called the “pelvic cavity.” The pelvic floor muscles are located at the floor of the pelvic cavity and provide active support to the pelvic viscera. The ligament tissue and fascia surrounding these muscles form the pelvic diaphragm. In this chapter, the structures of the pelvis and their functions will be explained. Along with an explanation of palpation techniques and functional exercises, it would be helpful for pelvic floor dysfunctions specialists. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Militarist Eğilimlerin Askeri Reklamlara Yönelik Tutuma Etkisi
No full textBu çalışma, bireylerin militarist eğilimlerinin, askeri reklamlara yönelik tutumları üzerindeki potansiyel etkisini detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Türkiye'nin sahip olduğu köklü askeri tarihi ve kültürü göz önüne alındığında, askeri reklamların ve bu reklamlara karşı oluşan tutumların, toplumsal ve kültürel dinamiklerle nasıl etkileşime girdiği önemli bir sorunsaldır. Araştırmada, katılımcılara yüz yüze bir anket uygulanarak militarist tutumları belirlenmiştir. Bu aşamadan sonra, Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nin 2023 yılında resmi YouTube hesabında yayınladığı \"Önce Vatan\" adlı reklam videosu katılımcılara izletilmiştir. Video izlendikten sonra, militarist eğilimlerin bu reklama nasıl bir etkisi olduğunu anlamak için bir tutum ölçeği kullanılarak katılımcıların reklama ilişkin görüşleri alınmıştır. Anket sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla öncelikle militarist eğilimlerle askeri reklama yönelik tutum arasındaki ilişkinin varlığını ve şiddetini belirlemek için korelasyon analizi yapılmış, anlamlı bir ilişkinin tespit edilmesinin ardından militarist eğilimin alt faktörlerinin askeri reklama yönelik tutum üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmek için çoklu regresyon metodu kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, militarist eğilimlerin, askeri reklamlara yönelik tutumları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur
Altı-12 Aylık Bebeklerin Anne Sütü ile Beslenme Durumlarının ve Tamamlayıcı Beslenme Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi
No full textGiriş: Yaşamın ilk yılı büyümenin en hızlı gerçekleştiği dönemdir. Anne sütü ile beslenme süresi ve tamamlayıcı beslenme uygulamaları, annelerin özelliklerine, ülkelere ve bölgelere göre farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Popülasyona özgü stratejiler geliştirmek için toplumun taranması ve değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Amaç: Bu araştırma, 6-12 aylık bebeklerin anne sütü ile beslenme durumlarının ve tamamlayıcı beslenme uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak planlanan bu araştırma, araştırmayı katılmayı kabul eden 536 anne-bebek çifti ile gerçekleştirildi. Verilerin toplanmasında anne ve bebeğe ait bilgilerin yer aldığı Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tek başına anne sütü ile beslenme süresi 4,26 ± 1,97 ay olduğu saptandı. Tamamlayıcı beslenmeye ise 22,62 ± 2,79 haftada başlandığı bulundu. Lise ve lisans-lisansüstü mezunu annelerin ilkokul mezunu annelere kıyasla istatistiksel olarak daha uzun süre tek başına anne sütü verdikleri belirlendi (p < 0,05). Annelerin %86,5’inin bebeklerine ilk tamamlayıcı besin olarak yoğurt verdikleri, ilk bir yaş içerisinde bebeklerin %42,9’unun tuz, %20 ,8’inin şeker ve %14,7’sinin ise bal tükettikleri saptandı. Sonuç: Tamamlayıcı beslenmeye 6 aydan önce başlandığı, annelerin eğitim düzeyi arttıkça sadece anne sütü verme süresinin arttığı belirlendi. Annelerin bebek beslenmesindeki eksikliklerinin önlenmesinde, anne sütü ve tamamlayıcı beslenme konusundaki eğitimlerin arttırılmasının önemli olduğu düşünüldü. Annelere verilen eğitimlerin, annenin eğitim düzeyi göz önüne alınarak bireysel, uygulamalı ve annelerin soru ve sorunlarına çözüm getirecek nitelikte yapılması önerilmektedir
Factors in Bread Preference: a Cross-Sectional Study of the Comparison of Anthropometric Measurements and Macronutrient Differences According To Bread Type Preferences
No full textBackground: Bread is one of the most consumed foods by humankind throughout history. It is important to evaluate the factors affecting the food preferences of individuals and to examine the effect of frequently consumed food on anthropometric measurements and daily energy and macronutrient intake in order to improve public health and develop nutrition policies of society. Objective: The aim of the current study was two-fold: (1) to determine the factors affecting the bread type preferences of individuals (2) to compare anthropometric measurements and macronutrient differences according to bread type preferences. Methods: The study was conducted cross-sectional from January to October 2018 with randomly selected 1554 volunteer individuals aged between 18-65 years in Istanbul Province of Turkey. The data of the study were collected through a questionnaire form applied by the face-to-face interview method. Demographic information, anthropometric measurements, the most consumed bread types, and dietary records were examined in the questionnaire form. Results: It was determined that the preference for white bread was high (%66.3). White bread and whole-grain bread were consumed 159.4±94 g/day and 131.2±89.2 g/day, respectively. BMI and waist circumference were lower, while the difference was not significant. It was determined that the group who preferred whole-grain bread had fewer carbohydrates, higher fiber, higher protein, higher fat, higher saturated fat, and higher cholesterol intakes in their daily diets. Women, having high education status and old-age popularity increased the preference of whole-grain bread 1.73, 3.39, and 1.03 times compared to the preference of white bread (p<0.001). Conclusion: It has been determined that white bread is preferred more in society. Bread type preference was not associated with anthropometric measurements. It has been determined that the distribution of daily macronutrients of individuals who prefer whole-grain bread is more unbalanced. It was found that gender, educational status, and age were the factors affecting the preference of bread type © 2022, Ethiopian Journal of Health Development.All Rights Reserved
Evaluating the Styles of Coping With Stress of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis During the Covid - 19 Pandemic
No full textEROGLU, NERMIN/0000-0003-4780-3049Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS)is among the most influential environmental factors. Quarantine days during Covid-19 outbreak can cause conditions such as anxiety, isolation stress, financial and long-term economic stress, including health concerns.The descriptive study was planned and applied with the aim of examining the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on the styles of coping with stress of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Methods: The study was carried out on 246 volunteer individuals during April2020-May2020 following the approval of the Turkey MS Association and the briefing provided to the individuals.The data were acquired via Personal Information Form and The Styles of Coping with Stress Scale. Results: The mean age of individuals with MS was 39.41 +/- 9.06 years. Statistically significant increase was found in the sub-dimensions of optimistic and helpless approach with gender, submissive approach with marital status, helpless and submissive approach with education status, helpless, submissive and seeking social support sub-dimensions with working status (p<0.0, p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that individuals with MS use the helpless approach and submissive approach most frequently in coping with stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.It was determined that those living with their families mostly use the optimistic approach and selfconfident approach.It is thought that MS associations will be effective in coping with stress in reducing symptoms and social and physical support through informative meetings, home visits, psychotherapies, yoga and organized trainings.Turkey MS associationWe would like to thank the Turkey MS association for their support as well as the individuals with MS who took part in the study, Prof. Dr. Necmi Gursakal and Dr. Faculty Member Hatice Karabuga Yakar.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
An Integrated Methodology Proposal for Sustainable Fashion: Understanding and Examining Criteria Affecting the Second-Hand Clothes Shopping
No full textKaradayi-Usta, Saliha/0000-0002-8348-4033Sustainable fashion is an important movement that offers numerous benefits in the long run by questioning the actual needs of the consumer, selecting the natural fabrics, preferring the brands providing ethical working conditions for the employees, using the acquired clothes as long as possible, repairing when necessary, and recycling into yarn when the lifetime is over, or transforming into a new product by changing the function of the items. In this context, the most active role of consumers is to prefer quality products that can last for many years and to extend the time of the products remaining in use, especially through the purchase and sale of second-hand clothes. While current papers provide roadmaps based on conceptual details, and consumer perception and attitude, there is no comprehensive study in second-hand shopping practices specific to clothing. Hence, the aim of this study is proposing an integrated methodology to understand the criteria that consumers pay attention in second-hand clothes shopping platforms as a tool that makes sustainable fashion possible via literature review, individual interviews and text mining, to determine the weights of these criteria according to their importance via Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) methodology, and to compare the prominent platform alternatives via Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) technique. The criteria weights vary depending on the sustainability awareness of consumers, and on the generation gap.Science Citation Index Expande
The Effect of <i>cotinus Coggygria</I> L. Ethanol Extract in the Treatment of Burn Wounds
No full textGoger, Fatih/0000-0002-9665-0256; Sener, Goksel/0000-0001-7444-6193The overall aim of the present research is to evaluate for the first time the curative effect of Cotinus coggygria leaves on burn injury in an experimental burn model along with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity potential. Also, phenolic compounds of C. coggygria were characterised by LC-MS/MS. Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were exposed to 90 degrees C bath for 10 s to induce burn injury, involving 30% of the total body surface area. In the treatment groups, 5% C. coggygria ethanol extract was applied topically as a cream immediately after the burn. Blood and skin tissue samples were taken after decapitation at the 4th and 48th hours following the burn procedure. Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were determined in serum samples, and hydroxyproline, prostoglandin E2 (PGE2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined in skin tissue samples. Increased levels of serum cytokines were decreased with C. coggygria treatment in both periods. MPO activity, prostaglandine (PGE2), and 8-OhdG levels increased, while hydroxyproline levels decreased due to burn damage. On the other hand, these parameters were returned to its normal levels with C. coggygria treatment. In addition, the tissue histology of animals treated with C. coggygria showed a complete epithelialization with increased collagenation. As a result, C. coggygria may be an alternative treatment approach for burns-induced skin damage and wounds.Marmara University, Scientific Research Projects Committee (MU-BAPKO) [SAG-C-YLP-0706170348]The authors thank Dr. Sukran Kultur for her help in identification of the plant material. This study was supported by Marmara University, Scientific Research Projects Committee (MU-BAPKO; SAG-C-YLP-0706170348)
Is There a Relation Between the Lower Extremity Mechanics and Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
No full textObjective: It has been theorized that changes in the lower extremity mechanics may lead to develop Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) in the young population. The present study aims to investigate the effects of lower extremity mechanics on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in private university students. Material-Method: Kujala Patellofemoral Score (KPS) of 400 Yeditepe University students ages of 18-30 years was performed. Students having a less or equal point of 85 in KPS (n=30) and healthy groups randomly selected in students with KPS=100 (n=30) were measured in terms of Feiss Line, navicular drop, subtalar angle, tibial torsion, knee valgus angle, Q angle in standing and supine position and hamstring tightness. Results: The prevalence of PFP among students was found to be 10.5% (n = 42). In the PFP group, 16 (%53.3) students and in the control group, 3 (%10) students had 2nd Pes Planus (PP). A statistically significant difference was found between groups in navicular drop, subtalar angle, tibial rotation, Q angle in supine and hamstring tightness (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The results from this study show that students with PFP have higher severity degrees of pes planus, navicular drop, subtalar angle, tibial torsion, and hamstring tightness than nonpainful students. Therefore, these parameters that are related to lower extremity mechanics may be investigated in PFP examination and be considered while preparing a treatment plan
Acute Serious Hepatitis of Unknown Cause in Children
Get PDFOn April 5, 2022, an increase in cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology was reported in previously healthy children under the age of 10 in the United Kingdom. Since there is no link between these patients, called acute non-HepA-E hepatitis, and viral hepatitis agents (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E), the possible etiology, and pathogenesis of this emergency is being investigated. One of the alarming features of this epidemic is the high requirement for liver transplantation in a fraction of the cases. In cases other than hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, a case definition is made by looking at a series of clinical pictures, including serum transaminase levels and age. As of August 26, 2022, 513 cases of acute hepatitis have been reported in Europe and 1,010 globally. Adenovirus was detected in 75% of cases tested in the UK, but data for other countries are still lacking. The role of other etiologic agents is still under investigation. The exact disease pathogenesis has not yet clear. Evidence of human-to-human transmission of the disease remains unclear. Epidemiological studies are critical in clarifying the uncertainties regarding the existence of links between the cases reported to date. Continuing the national and international surveillance activities of the countries in an organized manner is the most basic issue required for the elimination of the epidemic. Copyright © 2022 Tehran University of Medical Sciences