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Combined Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Techniques Augmented With Chemometrics for the Authentication of Black Cumin (<i> Nigella</I> Sativa L<i> .</I> ) Seed Oil
No full textCELIK, SALIHA ESIN/0000-0003-3527-5349Edible oils adulteration has a great concern because of its health and economical effects. Black cumin seed oils (BCSOs) are one of the most adulterated edible oils. In this case, the purpose of this research was to investigate authenticity of commercial BCSOs by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques combined with orthogonal partial least square -discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Sixteen commercial BCSO samples (100 % pure-certified and other BCSOs), potential blending oils (sunflower, corn, and soybean oils), and twenty-one synthetically adulterated BCSO samples blended with sunflower (SFO), corn (CO), and soybean (SBO) oils at levels of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % (v/v) were analysed. Screening of potential fingerprinting markers such as thymohydroquinone (THQ), thymoquinone (TQ), carvacrol (CRV), tocopherol isomers ( alpha-, gamma -, and delta -), as well as total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content analysis were carried out utilizing spectrophotometric CUPRAC, ABTS, and Folin Ciocalteu ' s assays. Commercial pure and fraudulent BCSOs and synthetically adulterated samples were successfully classified in OPLS-DA graphs with 95 % confidence level. Even to five percent detection limit for SFO, CO and SBO adulteration were prominently monitored. In consequence, the proposed spectroscopic and chromatographic methods seem to be a practically applicable, sensitive and versatile protocol that can be used as an alternative fingerprinting procedure to determine adulteration of commercial BCSOs.TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council) [120C134]The authors express their gratitude to TUBITAK (Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council) for the 2247-A National Leading Researchers Program Project (Project No: 120C134) for funding support. The authors thank the Application & Research Center for the Measurement of Food Antioxidants, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, for sharing its research infrastructures.Science Citation Index Expande
Development of the Medical Adherence Scale in Adolescents Using Psychotropic Medication and Evaluation of Validity and Reliability in Turkish Population
No full textPurpose: Although treatment non -adherence is relatively high among adolescents, there is a need for standardized measurement tools that measure adherence to treatment in adolescents. This study aimed to develop a new measurement tool to assess the adherence to treatment of adolescents with mental disorders who use psychotropic medication. Methods: The data of this methodologically designed study were collected between 01.04.2022 and 01.07.2023 in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of a university hospital in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The Medication Adherence Reporting Scale and Adolescent Medical Adherence Scale draft form were used for data collection. The scale items were formed from the themes, sub -themes, and statements in the qualitative study that the researchers had conducted with adolescents with mental disorders and their parents, clinicians' experiences, and systematic reviews and meta -synthesis in the literature. The study sample consisted of 95 adolescents with mental disorders. Exploratory factor analysis was performed with Varimax rotation to determine the factorial construct validity of the scale. Internal consistency analyses were performed in reliability analyses, and Cronbach's alpha coeff icient was used. Results: The mean age of the adolescents was 14.18 years (1.81); 50.5% were male, and 96.8% were attending school. When the mental disorder diagnoses were analyzed, 65.3% of the adolescents were being followed up with Attention De ficit and Hyperactivity Disorder diagnoses, and 58.8% were using stimulants. The 12 -item form of the Adolescent Medical Adherence Scale was found to have a three -factor structure with item -total correlation values ranging between 0.26 and 0.66, and these factors were named functionality, responsibility in treatment, and medication adherence. Factor loadings ranged between 0.44 and 0.86, and the items explained 62.98% of the total variance. The internal consistency coef ficients of the scale were between 0.69 and 0.83 for the subscales and 0.82 for the total scale. Conclusion: Based on the analysis and results used in this study, the Adolescent Medical Adherence Scale is a valid and reliable new measurement tool. Practice implications: This tool can be used in clinical settings to evaluate adolescents' treatment adherence and prognosis. Clinical studies conducted with adolescents can also determine adherence to treatment and affecting factors. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
Avrupa’da Dijital Etik, İnsan Hakları Bağlamında Yapay Zekâ ve Algoritmik Ayrımcılık
No full textMakale, Yapay Zekâ (YZ) kaynaklı insan hakları ihlallerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. YZ kullanımının etik çerçeve içinde gerçekleşmediği durumlarda insan hakları ihlallerinin ortaya çıktığını/çıkacağını iddia eden bu makale, önce YZ etiği ve dijital etik kavramlarının üzerinde durmaktadır. Makalenin kapsamı gereği, YZ etiğini meydana getiren Avrupa’da YZ ve insan hakları konulu yasal düzenlemeler temel alınmakta; ayrıca hakime/avukata ve bireylere yardımcı olan YZ uygulamalarından kısaca bahsedilerek, Avrupa’daki robot hakim uygulamalarına odaklanılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla makalenin sınırlılığı kapsamında, dijital etik ve YZ etiğinden bahsedildikten sonra, insan hakları bağlamında yapay zekâ kullanımı, başta Avrupa Birliği (AB) olmak üzere, OECD ve Avrupa Konseyi’nin hazırladığı yasal düzenlemeler, yapay zekâdan kaynaklanan insan hakları ihlalleri, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının ayrımcılık yasağı üzerindeki etkileri ve yeni bir ayrımcılık türü olarak algoritmik ayrımcılık konularına değinilmektedir. Türkiye’deki akademik çalışmalara bakıldığında, algoritmik ayrımcılık konulu henüz yeterli çalışma bulunmadığından, makalenin sunacağı akademik katkı yenilikçi olacaktır. Bu konuda -özellikle son birkaç yılda azımsanmayacak sayıda- Türkçe yayınlanmış diğer çalışmalar incelendiğinde, sanal mahkemeler, hakime/avukata ya da bireylere yardımcı olan yapay zekâ ve robot hakim yapay zekâ uygulamalarının tüm dünya genelindeki örneklerinin ele alındığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın özgün değeri, YZ kaynaklı insan hakları ihlallerini önlemek için Avrupa’da YZ etiğinin oluşturulma sürecine odaklanmasındadır. Sonuç olarak, Avrupa’da YZ etik kurallarının oluşturulması, yaygınlaştırılması ve uygulanması süreci tamamlanmadıkça YZ kaynaklı insan hakları ihlallerinin devam edeceği kanısına varılmaktadır
Nursing Student's Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher: a Cross-Sectional Study
No full textKAYA, GIZEM/0000-0003-1871-3677; KIZILKAYA BEJI, NEZIHE/0000-0002-6254-4412Objective: This study aimed to determine nursing students' perceptions of the clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher, and its affecting factors. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 205 students using the Student Information Form and the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Evaluation Scale. The study included 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year nursing students studying in the spring semester of 2020-2021. Data were collected by online method. Descriptive statistics (means, frequencies and percentages), Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The students of 59.5% stated their opinions were not taken during clinical practice placement, whereas 71.2% of them were placed in the compatible clinical environment. The students did not experience any problems during their clinical practice (77.6%) and they evaluated their satisfaction as "good" (37.6%). The lowest and highest sub-dimension scores from the scale were the "Pedagogical Atmosphere on the Ward (3.71 +/- 1.15)" and the "Premises of Nursing on the Ward (3.93 +/- 1.13)", respectively. The sub-dimension mean scores of the scale were significantly different from satisfaction with clinical practice, problems encountered during clinical practice, and placement in the compatible clinical environment (P<.001). Conclusion: Nursing students had a good perception of the supervision, learning environment, and nurse teacher. A positive clinical environment for nursing students that allows them to take an active role in patient care and nursing practice should be developed and maintained.Ethics Committee Approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Biruni University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: 21.05.2021, Decision No: 2021/51-23) . Informed Consent: Informed consent of the participants was obtained via google form. Peer-review : Externally peer-reviewed. Author Contributions: Concept- AK; Design-AK, NKB, GK; Supervision-AK; Resources-AK, NKB, GK; Materials- AK, NKB, GK; Data Collection and/or Processing- NKB, GK; Analysis and/or Interpretation-AK, NKB, GK; Literature Search- AK, NKB, GK; Writing Manuscript- AK; Critical Review-AK, NKB, GK. Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support
A Quest for Formant-Based Compact Nonuniform Trapezoidal Filter Banks for Speech Processing With Vgg16
No full textPARLAK (PhD), CEVAHIR/0000-0002-5500-7379; ALTUN, Prof. Dr. Yusuf/0000-0002-2099-0959In this text, we discuss the filter banks used for speech analysis and propose a novel filter bank for speech processing applications. Filter banks are building blocks of speech processing applications. Multiple filter strategies have been proposed, including Mel, PLP, Seneff, Lyon, and Gammatone filters. MFCC is a transformed version of Mel filters and is still a state-of-the-art method for speech recognition applications. However, 40 years after their debut, time is running out to launch new structures as novel speech features. The proposed acoustic filter banks (AFB) are innovative alternatives to dethrone Mel filters, PLP filters, and MFCC features. Foundations of AFB filters are based on the formant regions of vowels and consonants. In this study, we pioneer an acoustic filter bank comprising 11 frequency regions and conduct experiments using the VGG16 model on the TIMIT and Speech Command V2 datasets. The outcomes of the study concretely indicate that MFCC, Mel, and PLP filters can effectively be replaced with novel AFB filter bank features.Science Citation Index Expande
Sakarya İlinde İçme ve Kullanma Sularından İzole Edilen Escherichia Coli Suşlarının Antibiyotik Direnç Durumlarının Belirlenmesi
No full textSu sistemlerinde patojen kontaminasyonu giderek artmakta ve bu durum, özellikle çocuklar arasında gastrointestinal enfeksiyonların artmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sakarya il sınırlarında içme ve kullanma sularındaki Escherichia coli kontaminasyon riskini belirlemek ve izole edilen suşların antibiyotik direnç durumlarını incelemektir. Sakarya ilçelerinden 2023-2024 yılları arasında toplanan 450 su numunesinden E. coli izolasyonu, membran filtreleme yöntemi ve kromojenik koliform agar (CCA) kullanılarak yapıldı. Bakterilerin antibiyotik dirençleri disk difüzyon yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Çalışmada 450 su numunesinin %15,6'sında E. coli tespit edildi. Geyve ilçesinden alınan su numunelerinin %72'sinde E. coli bulunmuş olup, bu oran diğer ilçelere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). İzole edilen suşların %25,71'inin bir veya daha fazla antibiyotiğe dirençli olduğu belirledi. E. coli suşları genel olarak karbapenemler ve 3. kuşak sefalosporinlere duyarlıdır, ancak bazı bakteri izolatlarında penisilin ve sefalosporinlere karşı direnç tespit edildi. Tarım ve hayvancılığın yoğun olduğu bölgelerde içme ve kullanma sularında yüksek E. coli kontaminasyonu ve antibiyotik direnci tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, yanlış ve aşırı antibiyotik kullanımının bir sonucu olarak görülmektedir. İçme sularındaki bu kontaminasyon, halk sağlığı açısından büyük bir risk oluşturmaktadır. İçme ve kullanma sularındaki E. coli varlığı, suyun dezenfeksiyonunda eksiklikler olduğunu ve fekal kontaminasyon riskini işaret etmektedir. Su arıtma tesislerinin ve dezenfeksiyon yöntemlerinin iyileştirilmesi, antibiyotik direncinin önlenmesi ve halkın bilinçlendirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, suyun güvenli ve hijyenik bir şekilde temin edilmesinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır
Dodder (Cuscuta sp.) Extract Prevents Cognitive Deficits in a Rat Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy
No full textOBJECTIVE: In our study, the protective effect of dodder plant extract against encephalopathy induced by cholestatic liver disease model was investigated. METHODS: Spraque Dawley rats were used in the study. For the cholestatic liver disease model, the bile duct ligation (BDL) was applied. The groups were determined as control, Cuscuta sp. (CUS), BDL and BDL + CUS. Double ligation was performed in the bile duct in the BDL groups. For the applications, saline (SF) was administered to the control and BDL groups for 28 days while 250 mg/ kg of Cuscuta sp. extract was given by oral gavage to the CUS and BDL + CUS groups. At the end of the experiment, cognitive eval- uations were made by applying new object recognition and Morris water maze tests. After these tests, blood-brain barrier (BBB) measurements were made in half of the groups. In the other half of the groups, brain tissue samples were taken by decapitation and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and sodium-potassium adenosine triphospha- tase (Na+/K+-ATPase) measurements were made in the tissues. Histological examinations of the tissues were also performed. RESULTS: Cognitive performance was low, and BBB permeability was found to be increased in the group with bile duct liga- tion. In addition, TGF-β and 8-OHdG levels were increased in tissues, while Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity was suppressed. Treatment with Cuscuta sp. increased cognitive performance and decreased BBB permeability. Other biochemical parameters examined were significantly (p<0.05–0.001) reversed and supported by histological findings. CONCLUSION: Our findings in the study suggest that dodder plant may be beneficial for the protection of cognitive perfor- mance and brain tissue in encephalopathy caused by cholestasis. Keywords: Cuscuta sp.; cholestasis; encephalopathy; fibrosis.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Syrian Refugees' Experiences While Receiving Mental Health Services and Psychiatric Nursing Care: a Qualitative Study
No full text[No Abstract Available]Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
Patterns Before Recognition: the Historical Ascendance of an Extractive Empiricism of Forms
Get PDFThis article explores the complex convergence between cybernetics and Gestalt theory and its influence on the concept of pattern recognition. It finds a departure in the analogous ways each discipline extends their core frameworks toward social and anthropological objects. However, this shared ground is not without tensions. In the post-war American context, what is formalizable and realizable in mechanical structures has a certain explanatory authority—even if often misplaced-- concerning perception and human intelligence. Cultural patterns feed into mechanical recognition of patterns, exemplifying “extractive empiricism” or the process of outsourcing experiential processes to mechanical systems. This mode of “proof” is also evident in cybernetic and cognitive psychological strategies toward Gestalt theory, leaving a significant legacy for contemporary machine learning approaches. By examining the early interactions between these rival paradigms, known for their quest for generalization, and disentangling their source status, this inquiry contributes to understanding the broad conceptual possibilities of pattern recognition beyond its narrow confines in engineering perspectives and machine learning discourse. © 2024, The Author(s)
Effect of Everolimus on Prognosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Lesions: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
No full textAbdelkader, Rem/0009-0000-0900-3978; Hanen, George Magdy Halim/0000-0002-8946-2046; Alhamad, Mohammad/0000-0002-2175-1597; Meshref, Mostafa/0000-0003-0692-6309; Nashwan, Abdulqadir/0000-0003-4845-4119; Ibrahim, Ismail/0000-0002-0805-8181Purpose: This study addresses the effectiveness of oral everolimus in treating various malignancies associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). The purpose is to determine whether everolimus reduces lesion size in NF1 patients, considering the controversial findings from previous clinical trials. The scientific hypotheses and questions involve evaluating the impact of everolimus on NF1-associated lesions and understanding the variability in treatment outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The study included four-phase II, single-arm, nonrandomized trials investigating the effect of oral everolimus on NF1-associated lesion size. The search covered multiple databases, and data extraction involved evaluating studies for inclusion criteria and assessing quality using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies tool. Statistical analysis utilized Open Meta(Analyst). Findings: The search yielded 388 studies, with 10 selected for full-text review and four included in the final analysis. The quality of the studies ranged from low to moderate. The meta-analysis indicated no observed heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and the overall estimate suggested no significant reduction in NF1-associated lesion size with everolimus ( P = 0.069). Implications: The findings reveal a varied and inconsistent picture of everolimus efficacy in NF1 treatment. The study highlights the need for personalized approaches, considering individual genetic and clinical differences. The limitations, including small sample sizes and nonrandomized trials, call for larger, more standardized research efforts. The study emphasizes ongoing trials and the importance of future research in understanding predictors of everolimus response and optimizing treatment strategies for NF1 patients. Conclusion: While everolimus shows promise in reducing lesion size in a subset of NF1 patients, the study cannot draw conclusive results due to limitations in the included studies. Ongoing, adequately powered trials are crucial for advancing the evidence base and informing the potential role of everolimus in NF1 treatment. Others: There was no funding for this review and no conflicts of interest.Science Citation Index Expande