Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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The Relationship of Cognitive Functions with Physical Fitness Parameters, Balance, and Fall Risk in Older Adults
No full textObjectives: This study examines the effects of cognitive parameters on physical fitness, balance, and fall risk. Materials and Methods: The study included 79 older adults. Cognitive functions of older adults were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT). The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess balance and fall risk, and the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) was used to assess physical fitness parameters (PFP). According to MoCA, individuals were included in the Mild Cognitive Impairment (n=38) and Normal Cognitive Level (n=41) groups. Results: The mean age of individuals in the Mild Cognitive Impairment group was 71.50 ± 4.41, while the mean age of individuals in the Normal Cognitive Level group was 70.48 ± 4.57. In our study, individuals with mild cognitive impairment were found to have worse balance scores and physical fitness parameter scores, except for lower and upper extremity flexibility and aerobic endurance. While a significant relationship was noted between MoCA and balance as well as fall risk, no relationship was found between CDT and the balance score. Furthermore, no association between the CDT and any physical fitness parameter was found, despite a good correlation between the MoCA and several physical fitness parameters. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was shown that global cognition in geriatric individuals is related to balance and PFP, such as agility, upper and lower extremity strength
Utilization of Federated Learning for Iot Device Security
No full textIoT cihazlarının kritik sistemlerde yaygınlaşması, sağlam siber güvenlik mekanizmalarına olan ihtiyacı artırdı. Bu çalışma, ağ saldırı tespiti için bir Federe Öğrenme (FL) çerçevesinin uygulanmasını araştırmakta ve model eğitimini birden çok düğümde ademi merkeziyetçi hale getirerek gizlilik endişelerini ele almaktadır. Bot-IoT, TON_IoT, UNSW-NB15 ve CICIDS2017 gibi veri kümelerini kullanarak, fl'nin DoS, DDoS, Ortadaki Adam ve kaba kuvvet saldırıları dahil olmak üzere çeşitli saldırı türlerini tespit etmedeki etkinliğini değerlendiriyoruz. Kapsamlı deneyler, diğer veri kümelerinde rekabetçi sonuçları korurken, Bot-IoT veri kümesinde% 98,2 doğruluk ve% 97,8 hassasiyet elde ederek yüksek model performansı göstermektedir. Karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmeler, FL yaklaşımının geleneksel merkezi öğrenme modellerine karşı etkinliğini vurgulamaktadır. Kayıp ve doğruluk eğrileri, eğitim sürecinin istikrarını yansıtır ve karışıklık matrisi analizleri, yanlış sınıflandırma kalıpları hakkında fikir verir. Bu çalışma, IoT ortamlarını gelişen tehditlere karşı güvence altına almak için ölçeklenebilir ve gizliliği koruyan bir çözüm olarak fl'nin potansiyelinin altını çiziyor.The proliferation of IoT devices in critical systems has increased the need for robust cybersecurity mechanisms. This study investigates the implementation of a Federated Learning (FL) framework for network intrusion detection, addressing privacy concerns by decentralizing model training across multiple nodes. Utilizing datasets such as Bot-IoT, TON_IoT, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS2017, we assess the effectiveness of FL in detecting various attack types, including DoS, DDoS, Man-in-the-Middle, and brute force attacks. Extensive experiments demonstrate high model performance, achieving 98.2% accuracy and 97.8% precision on the Bot-IoT dataset, while maintaining competitive results across other datasets. Comparative evaluations highlight the efficacy of the FL approach against traditional centralized learning models. Loss and accuracy curves reflect the stability of the training process, and confusion matrix analyses provide insights into misclassification patterns. This work underscores the potential of FL as a scalable and privacy-preserving solution for securing IoT environments against evolving threats
Evaluating Pedicle and Vertebral Artery Relationship in Cervical Pedicle Screw Surgery Using DSA: Preliminary Report
No full textDead Cell Discrimination With Red Emissive Carbon Quantum Dots From the Medicinal and Edible Herb Echinophora Tenuifolia
Get PDFSargin, Idris/0000-0003-3785-9575Accurately determining the viability of cells is crucial for in vitro cell research. Fluorescence-based live/dead cell staining is a highly desirable method to assess cell viability and survival in in vitro studies. We describe a green synthesis method to create red-emissive CQDs from the medicinal and edible herb Echinophora tenuifolia using microwave irradiation. We observed that the biocompatibility and photostability of the CQDs are superior. The antioxidant capacity of the CQDs and the plant extract were also investigated using different chemical methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PBD, and MCA). The antioxidant capacity of the CQDs was similar to that of the extract of E. tenuifolia. Cytotoxicity studies indicate that while the CQDs are not toxic to L929, they exhibit significant toxicity towards HepG2 cells. The CQDs exhibited a strong negative zeta potential (-44.0 mV), which contributed to their selective interaction with dead cells while being repelled by viable cells with intact membrane potentials. The optimal concentration for effective, non-toxic imaging was determined to be 25 mu g/mL, as lower concentrations did not produce detectable fluorescence. Differential staining experiments confirmed that CQDs selectively stained dead cells, with red fluorescence observed under the Texas Red filter. Moreover, CQDs exhibited favorable fluorescence intensity and stability, which may offer advantages for long-term and reliable bioimaging applications. In vitro studies on HepG2 and L929 cell lines revealed that the red-emissive CQDs from E. tenuifolia can be potentially used in bioimaging.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK); TUBITAK [2209-A, 1919B012111075]Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK).The study was partially funded by the TUBITAK 2209-A Grant Programme (Grant number: 1919B012111075).Science Citation Index Expande
The Operating Profit Flow Method as a Profitability Analysis Tool for Hospitality Enterprises
No full textTOKER, Tugrul/0000-0001-7324-7811This study introduces the flow-through method, focusing on retaining incremental revenue as an alternative approach. Unlike conventional ratios, this method explains causal relationships between income statement items and aids in future projections. The hospitality industry, with varied revenue streams, faces challenges in applying uniform methods, limiting adoption due to practitioner unawareness. This research analyzes the financials of Hyatt, Marriott, and Hilton from 2021 to 2022 using the flow-through method. The study employs both exploratory and quantitative methods to understand how revenue streams and departmental operations affect profits. It proposes a compact formula for calculating the stream from incremental revenue changes, starting with determining departmental expenses. Results indicate hoteliers achieved remarkable success, demonstrating efficient revenue-profit conversion during post-pandemic recovery. This method provides valuable insights for hospitality managers and potential cross-application in various sectors. Future studies could investigate crossindustry applications, integrate technological tools, and perform longitudinal analyses to enhance and broaden the method's utility.Social Science Citation Inde
On Rational Contractions in Perturbed Metric Spaces
No full textThis paper aims to extend the Banach contraction principle using rational expressions in perturbed metric spaces. To illustrate the novelty and applicability of the results, several examples and an application are provided.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Bankaların Kaydi Altın İşlemlerinin Banka ve Sigorta Muameleleri Vergisi Karşısında Durumu
No full textBanka ve Sigorta Muameleleri Vergisi, 6802 sayılı Gider Vergileri Kanunu (6802 sayılı Kanun)’na düzenlenmekte; Kanun’da, lehlerine para kalması halinde bankaların tüm işlemleri vergisinin konusu kapsamına alınmaktadır. Kanunda, bankaların kambiyo işlemlerinin matrahı işlem bedeli; diğer işlemlerin matrahı banka lehine kalan bedel olarak gösterilmekte; bankaların kambiyo işlemleri ve diğer işlemlerinin tabi olduğu vergi oranı da farklılaştırılmaktadır. Bankaların fiziki teslimat olmaksızın yaptıkları kaydi altın işlemlerinin 6802 sayılı Kanun’da düzenlenen kambiyo işlemi mi yoksa diğer işlemler gibi mi vergilendirileceği 2020 yılından bu yana tartışılmaktadır. Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB)’nın Türkiye Bankalar Birliği’ne gönderdiği görüş yazısında bankaların söz konusu işlemlerinin kambiyo işlemi gibi vergilendirileceğini iletmesi üzerine konu Danıştay’a taşınmış; Danıştay 7. Daire ve temyiz incelemesinde Vergi Dava Daireleri Kurulu, işlemi vergilerin yasallığı, hukuki güvenlik, hukuki belirlilik ve açıklık ilkelerine aykırı bulmuştur. Anılan görüş yazısı ve mahkeme kararlarının ardından 2025 yılının Mart ayında cumhurbaşkanı kararı ile bankaların kaydi altın işlemlerinin kambiyo işlemi olduğu düzenlenmiş; bu kararın da vergilerin yasallığı ilkesini ihlal ettiği tartışmaları başlamıştır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde kaydi altının hukuki niteliği; ikinci bölümünde banka ve sigorta muameleleri vergisi incelenmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde GİB’in görüş yazısı, Danıştay kararları ve cumhurbaşkanı kararı aktarılmaktadır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde, bankaların kaydi altın işlemlerinin mevcut düzenlemeler kapsamında vergi rejimi saptanmakta; eleştirel yaklaşım benimsenerek üçüncü bölümde ele alınan işlem ve kararlar değerlendirilmekte; sürece dair sorunlar belirlenerek çözüm önerileri geliştirilmektedir
A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Meta Universe Interiors: The Case of the Louvre Museum on the Sandbox Platform
No full textMetaevren; sanal gerçeklik (VR), artırılmış gerçeklik (AR) ve blok zinciri teknolojilerinin gelişimiyle, fiziksel mekân deneyimlerinin ötesinde yeni bir tasarım ve etkileşim alanı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. İç mimarlık disiplini açısından bu alan, kullanıcı odaklı mekân kurgularının yeniden tanımlanmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Bu tezde, fiziksel mekânlar ile metaevren mekânları karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmış; örnek olay olarak Sandbox platformunda yeniden kurgulanan Louvre Müzesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, fiziksel ve sanal Louvre mekânları mekân planlaması, kullanıcı gereksinimleri, mobilya-donatı düzenlemeleri, ergonomi, renk, malzeme ve aydınlatma tasarımı gibi ölçütler üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, sistematik literatür taraması ve gözleme dayalı yöntem kullanılmış; fiziksel müze için saha gözlemleri, dijital temsil için ise video kayıtları ve platformun sunduğu kullanıcı senaryoları temel alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre metaevren iç mekânları, fiziksel mekânlardan farklı olarak esneklik, deneyim odaklılık ve oyunlaştırma unsurlarıyla öne çıkmakta; kullanıcı etkileşimini daha çok merkeze alan ve sınırları ortadan kaldıran bir tasarım yaklaşımı sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, fiziksel mekânlarda öne çıkan ergonomi ve malzeme duyusallığı gibi nitelikler dijital ortamlarda farklı biçimlerde karşılanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma metaevren mekânlarının iç mimarlık disiplini için geliştirdiği yeni tasarım paradigmasını ortaya koymakta ve fiziksel–sanal mekân etkileşimini iç mimarlık araştırmalarına özgün bir katkı olarak sunmaktadır.The metaverse, emerging through the development of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain technologies, has become a new domain of design and interaction that transcends physical spatial experiences. From the perspective of interior architecture, this environment enables the redefinition of user-oriented spatial constructs. This thesis comparatively examines physical and metaverse-based spaces, focusing on the reconstructed Louvre Museum within The Sandbox platform as a case study. The study evaluates both the physical and virtual Louvre spaces based on criteria such as spatial planning, user requirements, furniture–equipment arrangements, ergonomics, color, material, and lighting design. The research employed a systematic literature review and observational methods; on-site observations were conducted for the physical museum, while video records and user scenarios provided by the platform formed the basis for the digital representation. The findings reveal that metaverse interiors, unlike their physical counterparts, are characterized by flexibility, experience-centered design, and gamification elements, offering a user-driven approach that removes spatial boundaries. However, qualities such as ergonomics and material tactility, prominent in physical environments, are interpreted in alternative ways in digital settings. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the new design paradigm that metaverse spaces introduce to the field of interior architecture and presents the interaction between physical and virtual spaces as a unique contribution to interior architecture research
Consumer Behavior and Sustainability: What Role Does Eco-Friendly Packaging Play in Emerging Markets
No full textPurpose – This study aims to offer a systematic review of eco-friendly packaged products from the consumer perspective in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzed 47 Web of Science and SCOPUS articles using the PRISMA and theory-context-characteristics-methodology (TCCM) framework. Findings – This systematic review shows that prior research was mainly quantitative and relied heavily on the theory of planned behavior. This study categorized the articles by personal, product, price, place, promotion and external factors. Research primarily focused on personal factors, especially values and attitudes. Place-related factors were the least studied. Few studies explored mediators and moderators of purchase intention. Originality/value – This study shifts the focus of eco-friendly packaging research toward the consumer perspective, which was underexplored in the existing literature, particularly in emerging markets. While prior studies have primarily centered on manufacturers, this review synthesizes prior research showing that consumer behavior, knowledge and perception play a critical role in advancing sustainability and circular economy goals. This systematic review is the first to address this gap in emerging markets and offers implications for policymakers and businesses aiming to promote sustainable consumption in diverse socioeconomic settings. © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limite
Effectiveness of Boric Acid in Sepsis in Rats With Cecal Perforation
No full textIntroduction and AimSepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that develops in the host against microorganisms, which results in end-organ damage. Boric acid (BA) has been shown to have immune modulatory effects in vitro and in animal studies. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of high dose BA on lung and kidney tissues in rats with sepsis induced by the CLP method.Method28 rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group C (control group), Group BA, Group CLP (cecal ligation and puncture), and Group CLP + BA. Cecum was ligated below the ileocecal valve and punctured. BA was administered to the treatment groups at an intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg, and at the end of 24 h, lung and kidney tissue samples were collected and evaluated for biochemical and histopathological parameters.ResultsHistopathologically, in kidney tissue, CLP + BA group showed significantly less peritubular capillary dilatation and brush border loss in the proximal tubule epithelium compared to the CLP group. In lung tissue, CLP + BA group had significantly less alveolar wall thickening compared to the CLP group. Biochemical analyses indicated that BA administration reduced oxidative stress in both renal and lung tissues.ConclusionWe found that intraperitoneal administration of high dose boric acid partially ameliorated the tissue damage in rats subjected to CLP induced sepsis. Further studies are needed regarding the dosage and application at different time points