Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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Protective Effects of Bpc 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats With Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
No full textArslan, Mustafa; Dursun, Ali DoganBackground and Objectives: Ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury can affect multiple distant organs following I/R in the lower extremities. BPC-157’s anti-inflammatory and free radical-neutralizing properties suggest its potential in mitigating ischemia–reperfusion damage. This study evaluates the protective effects of BPC-157 on remote organ damage, including the kidneys, liver, and lungs, in a rat model of skeletal muscle I/R injury. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (S), BPC-157(B), lower extremity I/R(IR) and lower extremity I/R+BPC-157(I/RB). Some 45 min of ischemia of lower extremity was followed by 2 h of reperfusion of limbs. BPC-157 was applied to groups B and I/RB at the beginning of the procedure. After 2 h of reperfusion, liver, kidney and lung tissues were harvested for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: In the histopathological examination, vascular and glomerular vacuolization, tubular dilation, hyaline casts, and tubular cell shedding in renal tissue were significantly lower in the I/RB group compared to other groups. Lung tissue showed reduced interstitial edema, alveolar congestion, and total damage scores in the I/RB group. Similarly, in liver tissue, sinusoidal dilation, necrotic cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration were significantly lower in the I/RB group. Additionally, the evaluation of TAS, TOS, OSI, and PON-1 revealed a statistically significant increase in antioxidant activity in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues of the I/RB group. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that BPC-157 exerts a significant protective effect against distant organ damage in the liver, kidneys, and lungs following lower extremity ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats.Background and Objectives: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can affect multiple distant organs following I/R in the lower extremities. BPC-157's anti-inflammatory and free radical-neutralizing properties suggest its potential in mitigating ischemia-reperfusion damage. This study evaluates the protective effects of BPC-157 on remote organ damage, including the kidneys, liver, and lungs, in a rat model of skeletal muscle I/R injury. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (S), BPC-157(B), lower extremity I/R(IR) and lower extremity I/R+BPC-157(I/RB). Some 45 min of ischemia of lower extremity was followed by 2 h of reperfusion of limbs. BPC-157 was applied to groups B and I/RB at the beginning of the procedure. After 2 h of reperfusion, liver, kidney and lung tissues were harvested for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: In the histopathological examination, vascular and glomerular vacuolization, tubular dilation, hyaline casts, and tubular cell shedding in renal tissue were significantly lower in the I/RB group compared to other groups. Lung tissue showed reduced interstitial edema, alveolar congestion, and total damage scores in the I/RB group. Similarly, in liver tissue, sinusoidal dilation, necrotic cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration were significantly lower in the I/RB group. Additionally, the evaluation of TAS, TOS, OSI, and PON-1 revealed a statistically significant increase in antioxidant activity in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues of the I/RB group. Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that BPC-157 exerts a significant protective effect against distant organ damage in the liver, kidneys, and lungs following lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Science Citation Index Expande
Design of the Green Hydrogen Refuelling Station Powered by an On-Grid Photovoltaic System
No full textGelişen ve büyüyen sanayi, artan dünya nüfusu ve artan enerji ihtiyaçları, alternatif enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Artan dünya nüfusunun enerji ihtiyacı dikkate alındığında geçmişte kullanılan ve günümüzde de kullanılmaya devam eden fosil kaynaklar dünyaya zarar vermektedir. Fosil kaynakların kullanımı sonucu açığa çıkan zararlı gazlar dünya atmosferini kirletmekte, fosil kaynakların ulaşım araçlarında kullanılması ise sera gazı etkisini arttırmaktadır. Bu kirlilik, hem yeryüzündeki canlıların sağlığını tehdit etmekte olup yaşam kalitemizi düşürmektedir. Bu ve bunun gibi birçok zararlı etkileri olan fosil kaynaklar yerine temiz enerji kaynakları kullanılmalıdır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları çevreye zarar vermediği gibi doğru kullanıldığında sürdürülebilir bir enerji kaynağına da dönüşebilmektedir. Güneş, rüzgâr, hidroelektrik, biyokütle ve hidrojen gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları temiz bir gelecek için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada güneş enerjisi temelli yeşil hidrojen kullanan yakıt ikmal istasyonları Türkiye'de yedi farklı bölge için tasarlanarak sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Tasarlanan sistemde anyon değişim membran su elektrolizörü (ADME) ile güneş enerjisinden sağlanan elektrik kullanılarak sudan hidrojen üretilmekte ve üretilen hidrojen, hidrojen yakıt ikmal istasyonlarında depolanmaktadır. Yakıt ikmal istasyonları her istasyonda on adet yakıt hücreli araç ve iki adet yakıt hücreli otobüs tankı doldurulacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan yeşil hidrojen temelli sistemde her ilin güneş ışınım ve sıcaklık değerleri göz önünde bulundurularak belirlenen panel sayıları ile toplam 5 MW kurulu gücünde güneş enerji santrali, elektrolizör, kompresör, yüksek basınçlı kademeli hidrojen depolama tankları, invertör ve ön soğutma üniteleri içermektedir. Güneş enerji santrali her bölgede kurulum için seçilen ilin günlük güneş radyasyonu ve sıcaklık değerlerine göre elektrik üretim değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Hedeflenen yakıt ikmal istasyonu kapasitesine göre elektrolizörün günlük üretmesi gereken hidrojen miktarı belirlenmiş ve bu ihtiyacın karşılanması için gerekli olan elektik güneşten karşılanmadığı durumda şebekeden elektrik karşılanacaktır. Güneş enerjisinden üretilen elektrik enerji ihtiyacını aştığında, kalan elektrik şebekeyi besleyecektir. Tasarlanan sistemde kurulum yapılan farklı bölgeler için ekonomik analiz yapılmış ve Antalya, Aydın, Çanakkale, Çorum, Hakkâri, Konya ve Şanlıurfa illeri için LCOH değerleri sırasıyla 7.18 €/kg H2, 7.57 €/kg H2, 8.39 €/kg H2, 8.99 €/kg H2, 6.90 €/kg H2, 7.69 €/kg H2 ve 7.29 €/kg H2 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Developing and growing industries, increasing the world population, and increasing energy needs necessitate the use of alternative energy sources. Considering the energy needs of the increasing world population, fossil resources used in the past and continue to be used today are harming the world. Harmful gases released as a result of the use of fossil resources pollute the world's atmosphere, and the use of fossil resources in vehicles increases the greenhouse gas effect. This pollution threatens the health of living things on Earth and reduces our quality of life. Clean energy sources should be used instead of fossil resources, which have these and many other harmful effects. Renewable energy sources do not harm the environment and can also become a sustainable energy source when used correctly. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectricity, biomass, and hydrogen are important for a clean future. In this study, refuelling stations using solar energy-based green hydrogen were designed for seven different regions in Türkiye and the results were compared. In this system, hydrogen is produced from water using electricity provided by solar energy with an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), and the produced hydrogen is stored in hydrogen refuelling stations. The refuelling stations are designed to fill ten fuel cell vehicles and two fuel cell bus tanks at each station. The designed green hydrogen-based system includes a solar power plant with a total installed power of 5 MW, an electrolyzer, a compressor, high-pressure cascade hydrogen storage tanks, and pre-cooling units, with several photovoltaic panels. Electricity production values were calculated according to the daily solar radiation and temperature values of the city selected for installation of the solar power plant in each region. According to the targeted refuelling station capacity, the amount of hydrogen that the electrolyzer should produce daily has been determined, and if the electricity required to meet this need is not met by the sun, electricity will be supplied from the grid. When electricity produced from solar energy exceeds demand, the remaining electricity will feed the grid. Levelized cost of hydrogen analysis was performed for different regions where the designed system was installed and LCOH values were calculated as 7.18 €/kg H2, 7.57 €/kg H2, 8.39 €/kg H2, 8.99 €/kg H2, 6.90 €/kg H2, 7.69 €/kg H2 and 7.29 €/kg H2 for Antalya, Aydın, Çanakkale, Çorum, Hakkâri, Konya and Şanlıurfa cities, respectively
The Effectiveness of Redistribution in Carbon Inequality: What About the Top 1%
No full textThis study investigates the impact of income redistribution on carbon emissions across 154 countries from 1995 to 2023, with a particular focus on carbon inequality. Using a dynamic panel approach with two-step System GMM estimations, the analysis considers three dependent variables: average per capita emissions, top 1% per capita emissions, and the ratio of top 1% per capita emissions to national average per capita emissions. Results show that income redistribution (measured in both absolute and relative terms) significantly reduces average per capita emissions in the short term. However, redistribution has no mitigating effect on the carbon emissions of the top 1%; in some models, it is even associated with increases in elite emissions and a widening of carbon inequality. These findings suggest that while redistribution may contribute to national emission reductions, it is insufficient to curb the carbon-intensive lifestyles of the wealthiest. The analysis confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and underscores the need for complementary policy tools to more effectively address the emissions of high-emitting individuals. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by linking income redistribution with emission disparities across income groups and highlights the importance of considering distributional dynamics in climate policy design.Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
A Comparative Analysis of Space Efficiency in Skyscrapers: Case Studies From the Middle East, Asia, and North America
No full textThis study conducts a critical comparative analysis of spatial efficiency in supertall buildings across three major geographic contexts: the Middle East, Asia, and North America. Through the examination of selected case studies representative of each region, the research investigates the interplay between architectural form, structural typology, and the distribution of usable floor area within vertical structures. The findings reveal significant regional variations in spatial efficiency metrics and core-to-GFA (gross floor area) proportions. In the Asian context, towers predominantly adopt a tapered morphological strategy combined with composite structural systems, resulting in an average spatial efficiency of approximately 68%, with vertical service cores occupying nearly 30% of the GFA. Conversely, Middle Eastern high-rises, typically defined by prismatic massing and monolithic concrete structures, demonstrate a higher spatial efficiency—averaging 76%—with a core-to-GFA ratio of around 21%. North American skyscrapers, frequently employing prismatic or setback configurations alongside reinforced concrete systems, exhibit comparable efficiency rates, with an average of 76% and a similarly proportioned core area. Despite these regional divergences, the analysis identifies a consistent inverse correlation between building height and spatial efficiency, underscoring the technical and spatial challenges associated with height-induced inefficiencies in high-rise design. By elucidating these interregional patterns, the study offers valuable insights into the optimization of vertical spatial organization, contributing to the evolving discourse on high-rise architecture and urban densification
The Impact of the "Newborn Gang" Scandal on Türkiye's Neonatal Healthcare Community
No full textYuksel, Didem/0000-0003-2120-7679Science Citation Index Expande
Reducing AI Plagiarism Through Assessment of Higher-Order Cognitive Skills
No full textThis study examines whether assessments focused on higher-order cognitive skills can help reduce AI-driven plagiarism in educational settings. A total of 123 participants completed three tasks of increasing complexity, aligned with Bloom's taxonomy, across four groups: control, e-textbook, Google, and ChatGPT. Results from repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that both similarity scores and AI plagiarism percentages significantly declined as task complexity increased (p < .01). The ChatGPT group initially exhibited the highest AI plagiarism rates during lower-order tasks, but their performance improved on higher-order tasks requiring analysis, evaluation, and creation. These findings highlight a clear distinction between similarity scores and AI plagiarism detection, emphasising the need for combined evaluation methods. Overall, the study demonstrates that designing assessments to foster higher-order thinking offers an effective strategy for minimising plagiarism associated with generative AI tools, providing practical implications for academic integrity policies and instructional design
Investigation of the Relationship Between Thoracolumbar Fascia and Latissimus Dorsi Flexibility and Trunk Control and Balance in Chronic Stroke Patients
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı kronik inme hastalarında thorakolumbar fasya ve latissimus dorsi esnekliğinin denge ve denge ile ilişkisinini araştırmaktı. Çalışma, Ekim 2024 ile Şubat 2025 tarihleri arasında Ankara İncek Medical Park Hastanesi'nde yatmakta olan ya da ayaktan tedavi gören, 40-65 yaş arasındaki inme geçirmiş kadın ve erkek hastalar ile gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya, 3 ay önce inme geçirmiş, Modifiye Ranking skoru 0-3 arasında, Mini Mental Test skoru 25 ve üzerinde olan, iletişim kurabilen, yürüme yardımcısı ile veya yardımcı olmadan ayakta durabilen ve yürüyebilen toplam 32 gönüllü hasta dahil edildi. Çalışma kapsamında, hastaların demografik bilgileri kaydedildi. Torakolumbal fasya esnekliğini değerlendirmek için; sağ ve sol gövde rotasyon normal eklem hareket açıklığı gonyometrik platform ile, latissimus dorsi esnekliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla etkilenen taraf pasif omuz fleksiyonu normal eklem hareketi universal gonyometre ile ölçüldü. Denge parametreleri; Stabilometrik Platform-Alfa Cihazı ve Fonksiyonel Uzanma Testi (FUT) ile ölçüldü. Stabilometrik değerlendirmelerde özellikle ağırlık merkezinin x ve y koordinaları üzerinde salınım alanı, salınım uzunluğu ve ağırlık aktarım yüzdeleri gibi parametreler analiz edildi. Gövde kontrol düzeyleri Gövde Bozukluk Ölçeği (GBÖ) ve postüral kontrol ise Postüral Değerlendirme Skalası (PDS) ile değerlendirildi. Çalışma sonucunda tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve korelasyon analizleri yapıldı. Torakolumbal fasya, latissimus dorsi elastikiyet sonuçları ile stabilometrik değerlendirme sonuçları, gövde kontrolü, postüral kontrol ve düşme riski arasındaki ilişki korelasyonları analiz edildi. Çalışma sonucunda; torakolumbar fasya elastikiyeti ile stabilometrik denge parametrelerinden sağ-sol ağırlık aktarımı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu. Ancak Torakolumbal fasya elastikiyeti ile GBÖ'nin dinamik denge ve koordinasyon skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak zayıf negatif yönde korelasyonlar bulundu. GBÖ alt grupları sonuçları ile PDS ve FUT skorları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu. Sağ hemiparetik hastalarda, sağ TLF esnekliği ile GBÖ statik skoru arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu. Çalışmamız sonucunda, torakolumbal fasya ve latissimus dorsi esnekliğini değerlendiren gövde rotasyonu ile ağırlık aktarımı ve gövde kontrolünün dinamik denge parametresi arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu bulundu. Bu sonuçlar ışığında, inme hastalarında torakolumbal fasya ve latissimus dorsi yapılarının denge parametreleri ve gövde kontrolü üzerinde etkili olabilecekleri, bu nedenle inme rehabilitasyonu sürecinde tedavi programlarında göz önüne alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: inme, torakolumbal fasya, latissimus dorsi, fasya esnekliği, dengeThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thoracolumbar fascia and latissimus dorsi flexibility and balance in chronic stroke patients. The study was conducted between October 2024 and February 2025 in male and female stroke patients aged 40-65 years who were either inpatients or outpatients at İncek Medical Park Hospital, Ankara. A total of 32 volunteer patients who had had a stroke 3 months ago, had a Modified Ranking score between 0-3, a Mini Mental Test score of 25 and above, could communicate, could stand and walk with or without a walking aid were included in the study. Within the scope of the study, demographic information of the patients was recorded. To evaluate thoracolumbar fascia flexibility, right and left trunk rotation normal range of motion was measured with a goniometric platform, and to evaluate latissimus dorsi flexibility, affected side passive shoulder flexion normal range of motion was measured with a universal goniometer. Balance parameters were measured with Stabilometric Platform-Alpha Device and Functional Reach Test (FRT). In the stabilometric evaluations, parameters such as swing area, swing length and weight transfer percentages on the x and y coordinates of the center of gravity were analyzed. Trunk control levels were assessed with the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and postural control with the Postural Assessment Scale (PAS). Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed. The correlations between thoracolumbar fascia and latissimus dorsi elasticity results and the results of stabilometric evaluation, trunk control, postural control and fall risk were analyzed. As a result of the study; a significant relationship was found between thoracolumbar fascia elasticity and right-left weight transfer among the stabilometric balance parameters. However, statistically weak negative correlations were found between thoracolumbar fascia elasticity and PAS dynamic balance and coordination scores. Significant correlations were found between the PAS and FRT scores and the results of the subgroups of the TIS. In right hemiparetic patients, a significant correlation was found between the right TLF flexibility and the static score of the TIS. As a result of our study, a significant relationship was found between trunk rotation, which assesses the flexibility of the thoracolumbar fascia and latissimus dorsi, and the dynamic balance parameter of weight transfer and trunk control. In the light of these results, it is thought that thoracolumbal fascia and latissimus dorsi structures may be effective on balance parameters and trunk control in stroke patients, and therefore should be considered in treatment programs during stroke rehabilitation. Keywords: stroke, thoracolumbal fascia, latissimus dorsi, fascia flexibility, balanc
Dvoretzky-Type Theorem for Locally Finite Subsets of a Hilbert Space
No full textThe main result of the paper: Given any epsilon > 0, every locally finite subset of l(2) admits a (1 + epsilon)-bilipschitz embedding into an arbitrary infinite-dimensional Banach space. The result is based on two results which are of independent interest: (1) A direct sum of two finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces contains a sub-sum of a controlled dimension which is epsilon-close to a direct sum with respect to a 1-unconditional basis in a two-dimensional space. (2) For any finite-dimensional Banach space Y and its direct sum X with itself with respect to a 1-unconditional basis in a two-dimensional space, there exists a (1 + epsilon)-bilipschitz embedding of Y into X which on a small ball coincides with the identity map onto the first summand and on the complement of a large ball coincides with the identity map onto the second summand.Atilim University; National Science Foundation [NSF DMS-1953773]The second-named author gratefully acknowledges the support of Atilim University as this work was mostly conducted while she was on research leave supported by Atilim University. Also, she expresses her sincere gratitude to professor G. M. Feldman (B.Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) for his invitation to the Department of Function Theory for this research leave and his help during her stay at the Department. The third-named author gratefully acknowledges the support by the National Science Foundation grant NSF DMS-1953773
Osmanlı ve Joseon Seramik Sanatının Karşılaştırmalı İncelemesi: Kültürel Etkileşimler ve Teknik Yaklaşımlar
No full textBu çalışmada, Osmanlı ve Joseon dönemlerine ait seramiklerin üretim teknikleri ve diğer hanedanlıklarla olan kültürel etkileşimlerinin seramiklerin gelişimine etkisi ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Her iki dönemin seramik sanatçıları, önceki hanedanlıklardan edindikleri bilgileri kendi kültürel miraslarıyla harmanlayarak özgün eserler yaratmıştır. Erken Osmanlı seramikleri, Selçuklu desenlerini İslam kültürüne uygun şekilde yorumlarken, Erken Joseon Buncheong seramikleri, Goryeo Seladonlarından esinlenmiş, ancak Budizm etkisinden uzaklaşarak minimalist bir tasarıma ve Konfüçyüsçü değerlere yönelmiştir. Zamanla, her iki hanedanlık Çin ile kurdukları ilişkiler doğrultusunda Mavi-beyaz porselenlerden etkilenmiş ve üretimlerini buna göre uyarlamıştır. Osmanlı Mavi-beyaz seramikleri, İznik ve Kütahya merkezlerinde üretilmiş olup, kobalt mavisi başta olmak üzere farklı renk tonlarıyla zenginleştirilmiştir. Joseon dönemi Cheonghwa Baekja seramiklerinde ise, desenler mavi-beyaz paletle birleşerek sade bir estetik anlayışı yaratmıştır. Üretim teknikleri açısından, her iki dönemde de benzer yöntemler kullanılsa da, malzeme ve fırınlama süreçlerinde belirgin farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, Milet işi ve Sangam teknikleri, sırasıyla Osmanlı ve Joseon’a ait özgün sanatsal yaklaşımlardır
Comparison of SARS-CoV IgG Responses in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthcare Workers After COVID-19 Vaccination
No full textAim: This study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) after COVID-19 vaccination and to identify factors influencing these levels. Materials and methods: A total of 193 participants were included: 104 HD patients and 89 age- and sex-matched HCWs as controls. All had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination series (two doses of CoronaVac or BNT162b2) and a booster dose. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG was measured at least one month after the last vaccine dose using a commercial immunoassay (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, CMIA). Results in Arbitrary Units (AU/mL) were converted to WHO standard Binding Antibody Units (BAU/mL) (1 AU/mL = 0.142 BAU/mL). IgG titers >= 7.1 BAU/mL (equivalent to 50 AU/mL) were considered positive. Results: All participants had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. There were no statistically significant differences in IgG levels between HD patients and HCWs at any individual time interval (6 months) or in the overall mean titers (HD: 1259 +/- 1112 BAU/mL; HCW: 1002 +/- 765 BAU/mL; p = 0.216). No individual in either group had an IgG titer below 7.1 BAU/mL. Vaccine type, dialysis vintage, and presence of comorbidities did not significantly impact antibody levels. In the HCWs group, those vaccinated only with CoronaVac had significantly lower IgG levels than those receiving only BNT162b2 or a heterologous regimen (CoronaVac followed by BNT162b2). However, among HD patients, IgG levels did not differ by vaccine regimen. Conclusion: HD patients mounted a SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response comparable to that of healthy HCWs, with no participant falling below the positivity threshold. Dialysis duration and comorbid conditions did not significantly affect post-vaccination IgG levels. While HCWs who received only CoronaVac showed lower antibody titers than those who received BNT162b2 or a heterologous schedule, this difference was not observed in HD patients. These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination elicits a robust humoral immune response in the HD population, underscoring the benefit of vaccination in this high-risk group.The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article.Science Citation Index Expande