Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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Revolutionizing Glaucoma Care: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Precise Diagnosis and Management
No full textGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, necessitating early detection and effective management to prevent vision loss. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized glaucoma care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, monitoring disease progression, and personalizing treatment strategies. AI models, including machine learning and deep learning algorithms, have demonstrated exceptional performance in analyzing fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and visual field data, surpassing traditional diagnostic methods. Convolutional neural networks have shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting glaucomatous changes, while vision transformers and hybrid AI models further refine risk assessment and prognosis. Additionally, AI- powered monitoring systems utilizing multi-modal data integration allow for more precise prediction of disease progression and the need for surgical intervention. The incorporation of AI into telemedicine and wearable intraocular pressure sensors extends glaucoma management to remote and underserved populations. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including issues related to algorithm generalizability, data standardization, bias, and ethical concerns regarding AI-driven clinical decision-making. To maximize AI’s potential in glaucoma care, further interdisciplinary research, regulatory oversight, and multi-center validation studies are needed. By addressing these challenges, AI can be effectively integrated into clinical practice, leading to improved early detection, enhanced treatment strategies, and more personalized patient care. The future of AI in glaucoma management holds great promise, paving the way for a more data-driven and patient-centered approach to combating this sight-threatening disease
On Achieving Continuous Application Programing Interface Documentation
No full textModern yazılım geliştirmede, özellikle projeler hızla ölçeklenip geliştikçe, güncel ve doğru Uygulama Geliştirim Arayüzü (UGA) dokümantasyonunun sürekliliğinin sağlanması hali hazırda bir problemdir. Genellikle el ile veya yarı otomatik olan geleneksel UGA dokümantasyon yöntemleri, sık kod değişikliklerine ayak uydurmakta zorlanır ve bu da güncel olmayan, tutarsız ve güvenilmez bir dokümantasyona yol açar. Bu verimsizlik işbirliğini engellemekte, geliştirici üretkenliğini azaltmakta ve yazılım projelerinin genel kalitesini etkilemektedir. Bu zorluğun üstesinden gelmek için bu tez, Sürekli Entegrasyon/Sürekli Dağıtım (SE/SD) ilkelerinden esinlenerek Sürekli UGA Dokümantasyonu elde etmek için kapsamlı bir metodoloji sunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımın merkezinde, son teknoloji ürünü Büyük Dil Modelleri (BDM), özellikle de kaynak kodu ve ilgili OpenAPI spesifikasyonlarını içeren seçilmiş bir alana özgü veri kümesi üzerinde ince ayar yapılmış olan Llama3.1-8B kullanılmaktadır. Bu ince ayar, modelin doğrudan kaynak kodundan doğru ve ayrıntılı GA belgeleri üretmesini ve gelişen proje eserleriyle uyum sağlamasını sağlar. Bu çalışma ile üç katkı verilmektedir. İlk olarak, dokümantasyon için gereken manuel çabayı azaltmayı amaçlayan doğru ve kaliteli OpenAPI spesifikasyonları üretebilen ince ayarlı bir BDM geliştirilmiştir. İkinci olarak, otomatik UGA dokümantasyon araştırmalarını ilerletmek için değerli bir kaynak sağlayan, kaynak kodu ve UGA spesifikasyonlarından oluşan bir veri kümesi sunulmuştur. Üçüncü olarak, sürüm kontrol sistemleri ve SE/SD hatlarıyla sorunsuz bir şekilde entegre olan bir komut satırı aracı olan LANADOC uygulaması, metodolojiyi işler hale getirmekte ve otomatik dokümantasyonun gerçek dünya iş akışlarında pratik uygulamasını desteklemektedir. Değerlendirme sonuçları, önerilen metodolojinin minimum geliştirici müdahalesi ile güncel, kaliteli dokümantasyonun sürekliliğnin sağlanmasındaki başarımı doğrular niteliktedir. Bu araştırma, Büyük Dil Modelleri, seçilmiş veri kümeleri ve otomasyon araçlarını modern yazılım mühendisliği uygulamalarında birleştirmenin dönüştürücü potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve sürekli dokümantasyon yöntem ve araçlarının ilerlemesine katkıda bulunmaktadır.In modern software development, maintaining up-to-date and accurate Application Programming Interface (API) documentation remains a persistent challenge, especially as projects scale and evolve rapidly. Traditional API documentation methods, which are often manual or semi-automated, struggle to keep pace with frequent code changes, leading to outdated, inconsistent, and unreliable documentation. These inefficiencies hinder collaboration, reduce developer productivity, and impact the overall quality of software projects. To address this challenge, this thesis introduces a comprehensive methodology for achieving Continuous API Documentation, inspired by principles of Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD). Central to this approach is the use of state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically Llama3.1-8B, which was fine-tuned on a curated domain-specific dataset comprising source code and corresponding OpenAPI specifications. This fine-tuning enables the model to generate accurate and detailed API documentation directly from the source code, ensuring alignment with the evolving project artifacts. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, a fine-tuned LLM model is developed, demonstrating its capability to generate high-quality OpenAPI specifications while reducing the manual effort required in documentation processes. Second, a curated dataset of source code and API specifications is presented, providing a valuable resource for advancing automated API documentation research. Third, the implementation of LANADOC, a command-line tool that integrates seamlessly with version control systems and CI/CD pipelines, operationalizes the methodology and supports the practical application of automated documentation in real-world workflows. Evaluation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in maintaining up-to-date, high-quality documentation with minimal developer intervention. This research highlights the transformative potential of combining LLMs, curated datasets, and automation tools in modern software engineering practices, contributing to the advancement of continuous documentation frameworks
First-Principles Investigation of Kaolinite/YSZ Heterostructure for Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
No full textThis work employs density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the structural, electronic, and photocatalytic properties of a kaolinite/yttria-stabilized zirconia (Kaol/YSZ) heterostructure tailored for solar-driven hydrogen generation. The lattice mismatch between Kaol(001) and YSZ(111) was determined to be 4.4 % along the a-axis and 2.2 % along the b-axis. Two interface terminations were modeled: an O-terminated Si-O surface and an OH-terminated Al-OH surface. The OH-terminated interface demonstrated a stronger interfacial binding energy (-9.32 eV per cell) and enhanced thermodynamic stability, indicating its suitability for photocatalytic water splitting. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the Kaol/YSZ heterostructure exhibits a narrowed band gap of 1.46 eV relative to the isolated components, which promotes enhanced visible-light absorption. A type-II band alignment is observed, facilitating photoinduced electron transfer from the conduction band of YSZ to the conduction band of Kaol and promoting efficient charge separation. Hirshfeld charge analysis confirms the existence of a built-in electric field at the interface that further drives charge migration. Calculated optical absorption spectra shows a red shift in the heterostructure's absorption edge, extending its photoresponse into the visible region. Under simulated solar irradiation, photogenerated electrons preferentially migrate to Kaol for proton reduction, while holes remain on the YSZ surface to oxidize water, enabling simultaneous H2 evolution and O2 evolution pathways. These findings highlight the promise of the Kaol/YSZ heterostructure as a robust visible-light photocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen production and environmental remediation.The 2024 Korean Studies Grant Program of the Academy of Korean Studies [AKS-2024-R-104]This research was supported by the 2024 Korean Studies Grant Program of the Academy of Korean Studies (AKS-2024-R-104). The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided
Türkiye’de Yükseköğrenim Başvuru Oranının Belirleyicileri
No full textAmaç - Bu araştırma, Türkiye'de 2006-2024 döneminde yükseköğretim kurumlarına başvuru oranlarını etkileyen makro ekonomik faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Son yıllarda Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı'na (YKS) başvuru sayılarında yaşanan belirgin düşüş, yükseköğretime olan talebin belirleyicilerinin analizini gerekli kılmaktadır. Çalışma, medya tarafından sıklıkla gündeme getirilen yoksulluk, üniversite mezunları arasındaki işsizlik ve maaş farkları gibi makro ekonomik değişkenlerin yükseköğretim talebi üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak ortaya koyarak alandaki boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir. Yöntem- Araştırmada 2006-2024 dönemi yıllık zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olarak yükseköğretim kurumlarına başvuru oranı (YKS başvuru sayısının 15-24 yaş grubu nüfusa oranı), bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise yoksulluk oranı, yükseköğretim mezunu işsizlik oranı (15-24 yaş grubu) ve eğitimin ekonomik getiri oranı (9/1 dereceli memur maaşının net asgari ücrete oranı) kullanılmıştır. Veriler ÖSYM raporları, TÜİK istatistikleri ve Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı kaynaklarından elde edilmiştir. Bulgular - Regresyon analizi sonuçları, her üç makro ekonomik değişkenin de yükseköğretim başvuru oranları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yoksulluk oranı en güçlü belirleyici faktör olarak öne çıkmış (β=-2.524, p<0.001), yoksullukta 1 puanlık artışın başvuru oranını 2,5 puan azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Üniversite mezunları arasındaki işsizlik oranı da başvuruları olumsuz etkilemekte (β=-0.481, p=0.020), \"diplomalı işsizlik\" olgusunun caydırıcı etkisini göstermektedir. Eğitimin ekonomik getiri oranı ise sınırlı da olsa pozitif etki göstermektedir (β=0.202, p=0.036). Model, yükseköğretim talebindeki toplam değişkenliğin %77,7'sini açıklamaktadır. Tartışma- Araştırma bulguları, yoksulluk oranının yükseköğretim başvuruları üzerinde en güçlü belirleyici etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Üniversite mezunları arasındaki işsizlik oranı da başvuruları negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Maaş oranının pozitif ancak sınırlı etkisi bulunmaktadır. Model, Türkiye'de yükseköğretim talebinin makro ekonomik değişkenlerle açıklanabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır
On Perturbed-Sτ-Contractions
No full textThis study aims to present novel fixed-point results within the structure of a newly introduced abstract structure known as perturbed metric spaces. As expected, these spaces naturally extend and generalize the classical metric spaces. Consequently, the key results of this study broaden, refine, and broaden the existing fixed-point results in the published outcomes.Science Citation Index Expande
Utilising Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Pericardial Window: A 12-Year Single-Centre Experience in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Effusion
No full textIntroduction:Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (Uni-VATS) is an effective minimally invasive technique for pericardial drainage, biopsy and window creation in cases of pericardial effusion (PE).Patients and Methods:This retrospective study evaluated 73 patients with PE who underwent pericardial window procedures between 2012 and 2024. Intraoperative and post-operative data related to Uni-VATS were assessed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 53.79 +/- 17.79 years (10-82 years), with 34 (46.6%) females and 39 (53.4%) males. The mean volume of pericardial fluid drained after window creation was 446.23 +/- 199.81 cc (75-1100 cc). The mean operation time was 42.87 +/- 12.79 min, and chest drain removal occurred after an average of 1.8 +/- 1.2 days. The mean duration until discharge or referral to the follow-up clinic was 5.98 +/- 2.14 days. In addition to the pericardial window procedure, pleural biopsy was performed in 12 patients, mediastinal mass biopsy in eight patients and wedge resection for parenchymal nodules in six patients. Microbiologic and virologic cultures of the fluids were negative in all cases. Among the 41 patients with benign cytology, pericardial biopsy results indicated tuberculosis in four patients (5.4%), amyloidosis in one patient (1.3%) and chronic or subacute nonspecific pericarditis in the remaining patients.Conclusion:Uni-VATS is a novel and safe technique that may be the preferred choice for pericardial window due to its diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy, ability to perform simultaneous procedures, favourable impact on operation duration/hospital stay, low complication rates and superiority compared to traditional methods
Investigation of the Effects of Unilateral and Bilateral Backpack Carrying on Hand and Finger Grip Strength, Sagittal Alignment, Posture, Upper Extremity Function and Body Satisfaction in Adolescents
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, adölesanlarda tek taraflı çanta taşımanın el ve parmak kavrama kuvveti, baş tilt açısı (BTA), kraniyovertebral açı (KVA), servikotorasik açı (STA), postür, üst ekstremite fonksiyonu ve beden hoşnutluğu üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek ve bu verileri çift taraflı çanta taşıyan bireylerle karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı da değerlendirilen parametrelerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırmaya, yaş ortalaması 12,85 ± 1,54 yıl olan ve yaşları 10 ile 17 yıl arasında değişen toplam 47 adölesan katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, çanta taşıma alışkanlıklarına göre tek taraflı çanta taşıyan (n= 23) ve çift taraflı çanta taşıyan (n= 24) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Postüral açı ölçümleri (BTA, KVA, STA), fotometrik yöntem ile dijital fotoğraflar üzerinden ImageJ programı kullanılarak yapıldı. El kavrama kuvveti Jamar® el dinamometresi, parmak kavrama kuvveti Jamar® pinchmetre kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Postür, New York Postür Analizi, üst ekstremite fonksiyonu QuickDASH, beden hoşnutluğu ise Beden Bölgelerinden ve Özelliklerinden Hoşnut Olma Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tek taraflı çanta taşıyan bireylerin kilosu (p = 0,002), vücut kitle indeksi (p = 0,005), dominant (p = 0,002) ve non-dominant el kavrama kuvveti (p= 0,006), ve dominant parmak kavrama kuvveti (p= 0,011) çift taraflı çanta taşıyan bireylerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. BTA, KVA, STA, postür puanı, QuickDASH skoru ve beden hoşnutluğu açısından gruplar arasında fark saptanmadı (p> 0,05). Yaş, boy, kilo ve vücut kitle indeksi ile el ve parmak kavrama kuvvetleri arasında pozitif yönde orta ile kuvvetli arasında değişen düzeyde ilişki olduğu belirlendi. Çanta ağırlığı ile dominant (r =-0,352, p =0,015) ve non-dominant (r =-0,361, p = 0,013) el kavrama kuvveti arasında negatif yönde orta kuvvette, dominant el kavrama kuvveti ile STA arasında negatif yönde orta kuvvette (r =-0,354, p = 0,015) ilişki saptandı. QuickDASH skoru ile beden hoşnutluğu arasında negatif yönde orta kuvvette (r =-0,300, p = 0,041), KVA arasında pozitif yönde zayıf ilişki (r = 0,292, p = 0,046) olduğu belirlendi. BTA ile STA arasında negatif yönde orta kuvvette (r =-0,384, p = 0,008) bir ilişki olduğu bulundu. Adölesanlarda tek taraflı çanta taşıma, el ve parmak kavrama kuvvetini artırmaktadır. Tek taraflı ve çift taraflı çanta taşıyan grupların postüral açıları, genel postürü, üst ekstremite fonksiyonunu ve beden hoşnutluğu benzerdir. Çanta ağırlığının artması kavrama kuvvetinde azalma ile ilişkilidir ve postüral açılardaki değişimler, el kavrama kuvvetini, el fonksiyonlarını ve beden algısını farklı düzeylerde etkilemektedir. Tek taraflı çanta taşımanın kısa vadede postüral hizalanma üzerinde anlamlı bir bozulmaya neden olmadığı, taşımanın yapıldığı tarafın tekrarlayan yüklenmeye maruz kalmasının el ve parmak kavrama kuvvetinde artışa neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: adölesan, beden algısı, el kuvveti, postür,The aim of this study is to examine the effects of unilateral backpack carrying on hand and finger grip strength, head tilt angle (HTA), craniovertebral angle (CVA), cervicothoracic angle (CTA), posture, upper extremity function, and body satisfaction in adolescents, and to compare these data with individuals carrying backpacks bilaterally. Another aim of the study is to investigate the relationships between the evaluated parameters. A total of 47 adolescent participants with a mean age of 12.85 ± 1.54 years, ranging between 10 and 17 years old, were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups based on their backpack carrying habits: unilateral backpack carriers (n=23) and bilateral backpack carriers (n=24). Postural angle measurements (HTA, CVA, CTA) were performed using a photometric method on digital photographs with the ImageJ software. Hand grip strength was evaluated using the Jamar® hand dynamometer, and finger grip strength was assessed with the Jamar® pinch meter. Posture was evaluated by the New York Posture Analysis, upper extremity function by QuickDASH, and body satisfaction by the Body Areas and Features Satisfaction Scale. It was found that individuals carrying backpacks unilaterally had higher body weight (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.005), dominant (p = 0.002) and non-dominant hand grip strength (p = 0.006), and dominant finger grip strength (p = 0.011) than those carrying backpacks bilaterally. No difference was found between the groups in terms of HTA, CVA, CTA, posture score, QuickDASH score, and body satisfaction (p> 0.05). Positive correlations ranging from moderate to strong were determined between age, height, weight, and body mass index with hand and finger grip strengths. There was a moderate negative correlation between backpack weight and dominant (r =-0.352, p = 0.015) and non-dominant (r =-0.361, p = 0.013) hand grip strength, and between dominant hand grip strength and CTA (r =-0.354, p = 0.015). A moderate negative correlation was found between QuickDASH score and body satisfaction (r =-0.300, p = 0.041), and a weak positive correlation with CVA (r = 0.292, p = 0.046). A moderate negative correlation was also found between HTA and CTA (r =-0.384, p = 0.008). Unilateral backpack carrying in adolescents increases hand and finger grip strength. Postural angles, general posture, upper extremity function, and body satisfaction were similar between unilateral and bilateral backpack carriers. Increased backpack weight is associated with decreased grip strength, and changes in postural angles affect hand grip strength, hand functions, and body perception at different levels. It is thought that unilateral backpack carrying does not cause significant short-term postural misalignment, and that repetitive loading on the carrying side may lead to increased hand and finger grip strength. Keywords: adolescent, body image, hand strength, posture
Knowledge Levels and Attitudes of Turkish Nursing Students Regarding Medical Device-Related Pressure Injuries and Factors Influencing Them: a Cross-Sectional Study
No full textSonmez, MunevverAim: The aim of this study was to determine nursing students' levels of knowledge and attitudes regarding medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs), as well as the factors influencing these. Materials and methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 581 nursing students between January and May 2024. Data were collected using the Student Information Form, the Medical Device Related Pressure Injury Knowledge Assessment Test (MDRPI-KAT), and the Medical Device Related Pressure Injury Attitude Questionnaire (MDRPI-AQ). Results: The nursing students had a mean score of 8.76 +/- 2.68 on the MDRPI-KAT, indicating an overall correct answer percentage of 54.7%. The mean total score on the MDRPI-AQ was 44.08 +/- 8.12. Furthermore, 75.0% of the nursing students (n = 436) achieved a positive attitude score (>40 points). According to the results of the structural equation model, the scores on the MDRPI-KAT among nursing students had a statistically significant effect on their scores on the MDRPI-AQ (beta = 0.585, p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study found that the nursing students exhibited insufficient knowledge about MDRPIs.Despite this, the nursing students demonstrated a positive attitude toward MDRPIs.Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
A Hybrid Data-Driven and Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Employee Selection
No full textEmployee selection, a cornerstone of human resource management, critically shapes organizational performance and long-term effectiveness. While traditional approaches primarily rely on expert-based evaluations, this study proposes a novel hybrid framework that integrates Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods with data mining techniques to reduce the dimensionality of the number of criteria or variables considered. By integrating backward regression with fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods, our framework reduces model complexity and captures criteria interdependencies, while fuzzy logic addresses ambiguity in expert judgment, a gap often overlooked in prior research. The methodology first uses backward regression modeling with the employee attrition rate as the response variable to identify core criteria. Subsequently, the fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory analyzes interrelationships between criteria, followed by the fuzzy Analytic Network Process for weighting criteria and ranking candidates. We validate our approach using real-world recruitment data - including expert interview scores and historical attrition - from a company specializing in electronic attendance systems. The AI-generated rankings are benchmarked against these expert-based evaluations to assess alignment with human judgment. Initially, 17 criteria were systematically reduced to 11 core factors, resulting in a streamlined yet robust evaluation system. Our findings emphasize that 'Time-of-service,' 'Requested-wage,' 'Teamwork,' and 'Leadership' are the most critical criteria influencing effective IT personnel selection. © 2025 IEEE
Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Patients With Schizophrenia and Its Association with Clinical Symptoms
No full textKurkcu, Muhammed Furkan/0000-0002-7750-5002; Varli, Mehmet Ridvan/0009-0004-0253-4556; Bakir, Ayfer/0000-0002-9006-5267Background: Schizophrenia is a multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Recent evidence suggests a possible link between latent Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To compare the seroprevalence of T. gondii in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals, and to evaluate the relationship between seropositivity and clinical parameters. Methods: A total of 265 participants (155 schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy controls) were enrolled. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), avidity was assessed using ELISA, and DNA presence was tested with real-time PCR. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). Results: T. gondii IgG seropositivity was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients (29 %) than in controls (18.2 %) (p = 0.044, OR = 1.84; 95 % CI: 1.01-3.34). IgM positivity and DNA detection did not differ significantly. All seropositive participants showed high IgG avidity, indicating latent infection. BPRS scores and illness duration were higher in IgG-positive individuals, but the differences were not significant. Conclusion: Latent T. gondii infection may be associated with schizophrenia. However, further multicenter studies integrating molecular and serological approaches are needed to clarify its role in disease pathogenesis