Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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Nonparametric Tests for Comparing Reliabilities of Coherent Systems at Specific Mission Time
No full textReliability analysis of coherent systems is critical for evaluating the performance of systems whose functionality depends on the reliability of their components. Traditional parametric methods for comparing reliabilities of coherent systems assume a specific probability distribution for component lifetimes, which may result in inaccurate results when these model assumptions are violated. This article introduces nonparametric procedures using system-level data with known signatures to compare the reliabilities of systems. The proposed methodology avoids parametric distributional assumptions for component lifetimes while relying on the standard assumption in signature-based reliability analysis. Specifically, a two-sample likelihood ratio test procedure is proposed to demonstrate a component or system with superior reliability. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. Furthermore, we examine the effect of system structure on test power and determine favourable structures to enhance the power performance of the test. Practical examples are used to illustrate the proposed test procedures.Postgraduate Research Scholarship of Xi#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [FOSLG230202]; Research Enhancement Fund of Xi#x2019;an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [REF-22-01-012]; American Mathematical Society; Basic Research Program of Jiangsu [BK20220098]The work of Xuan Xu was supported by the Postgradu-ate Research Scholarship of Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University under GrantFOSLG230202. The work of Xiaojun Zhu was supported in part by the BasicResearch Program of Jiangsu, China-The Excellent Young Scholar Programmeunder Grant BK20220098 and in part by the Research Enhancement Fund ofXi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University under Grant REF-22-01-012. The workof Hon Keung Tony Ng was supported by the American Mathematical Soci-ety (AMS)-Simons Research Enhancement Grant for Primarily UndergraduateInstitution (PUI) Facult
Endoscopic Management of Congenital Middle Ear Ossicular Chain Anomalies: A Multicenter Study
No full textOBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the surgical and audiological outcomes of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) in patients with congenital ossicular chain anomalies (COCAs) using the Teunissen-Cremers classification system. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centers with experienced endoscopic ear surgeons. PATIENTS: A total of 51 patients were diagnosed with COCAs and treated with TEES. Patients with chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis, otosclerosis, or those requiring microscopic/endaural/retroauricular approaches were excluded. INTERVENTION: Transcanal endoscopic ossicular chain reconstructions were performed using various techniques, including stapedotomy, partial and total ossicular prosthesis or autologous bone or cartilage graft placements, and bone cement bridging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Air-bone gap (ABG) closure, operation duration, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The mean preoperative ABG was 42.5±10.9 dB HL, which improved to a mean postoperative ABG of 20.3±12.3 dB HL, yielding a mean ABG closure of 22.3±12.2 dB HL. Patients classified as Class 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated significantly greater ABG closure rates compared with Class 4 cases ( P <0.059). The mean surgical duration was 72.1±19.9 minutes, and the mean hospital stay was 29.6±15.3 hours. No intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications were observed. Five patients required revision surgery due to recurrent conductive hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: TEES is a safe and effective technique for managing COCAs, offering significant ABG improvement, particularly in Class 1 to 3 anomalies. The minimally invasive nature of TEES, combined with superior exposure and visualization, results in favorable audiological outcomes with minimal complications and reduced hospital stay. © © 2025, Otology & Neurotology, Inc
Mean Radiant Temperature Sensing: Comparison of Methods for a Non-Uniform Radiant Floor Heating
No full textAERMEC; AIRZONE; Carrier; et al.; Haier; SAMSUNGNon-uniform radiant floor heating is increasingly explored for improving localized and personalized thermal comfort. Accurate mean radiant temperature (Tr) measurement is crucial due to its separation from air temperature (Ta) unlike convective systems. This study evaluates the accuracy of Tr obtained using the globe thermometer versus a novel mini.RES cube sensor and examines the differences between Ta and Tr in non-uniform heating environments. Experiments were conducted in a 62 m3 climatic chamber in Fribourg, Switzerland, with four cases: one without heating, two with non-uniform heating to simulate radiant asymmetry, and one with uniform heating for comparison. Additionally, an uncertainty analysis was performed to evaluate measurement precision for the Tr measurements using the globe thermometer. The results indicate that the globe thermometer method can introduce errors of up to 4% in determining the Tr. Moreover, the uncertainty values for the Tr values were found between 1.60 ℃ and 2.31 ℃. In cases with non-uniform heating available, the Tr was found to vary by more than 2 ℃ than the Ta, highlighting the need to consider Tr separately when assessing thermal comfort. These findings emphasize the error of obtaining the Tr with globe thermometer and the difference between Tr and Ta in non-uniform heating scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026
A Decomposition of the Limit Q-Bernstein Type Operators Via a Universal Factor
No full textPirimoğlu, Lütfi Atahan/0009-0002-8625-2083The focus of this work is on the properties of the unifying operator Uq\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} on C[0, 1], which serves as a universal left factor in a decomposition of the limit q-Bernstein type operators, L infinity,q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}. More precisely, the factorization L infinity,q=Uq degrees TL\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}, where TL\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} is a linear operator on C[0, 1] depending on L, holds. It is shown that this factorization facilitates the derivation of new results and/or the simplification of proofs for the known ones.Atilim UniversityOpen access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)
Legalizing Anti-Gender Ideology and Civil Society Resistance in Turkey
No full textThis study investigates how feminist, LGBTQI+, labour, and human rights organisations in Turkey frame and negotiate the legal institutionalisation of anti-gender ideology and how these processes generate strategic yet fragile cross-movement alliances. Drawing on Benford and Snow's framing theory and Yuval-Davis's transversal politics, the analysis is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with activists from ten organisations between April and June 2025 and organisational documents. The study conceptualises anti-gender politics in Turkey not as a societal backlash but as a state-driven, multi-layered project of “masculinist entrenchment ( Yetiş & Özdüzen, 2024 )” that restructures legal, ideological, and affective arenas. The findings demonstrate that activists increasingly reframe anti-gender assaults as systemic attacks on democracy, rights, and equality, producing a shift from issue-based coordination to what this article terms “strategic coexistence”, a hybrid alliance formed across previously distant ideological and organisational positions. Diagnostic framing identifies anti-gender reforms as an existential threat, prognostic framing centres on alliance-building, movement memory, and inclusive organisational practices and motivational framing foregrounds shared destiny, solidarity, and the symbolic significance of LGBTQI+ rights. The analysis reveals that while this recontextualisation widens the basis for coalition, the resulting alliance remains structurally unbalanced and fragile. Hierarchical power relations, uneven exposure to political risk, and selective silence, particularly regarding LGBTQI+ concerns, limit the depth and durability of alliances. In this context, LGBTQI+ rights serve both as a catalyst for broad-based mobilisation and as a litmus test for democratic commitment, disclosing the limitations of transversal solidarity under authoritarian regimes. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd
Understanding Visual Product Language in Industrial Design Education: A Four-Phase Pedagogical Approach
No full textSarışın Coşkun, Merve/0000-0002-0402-3061; Demirci, Hatice Merve/0000-0002-0315-5898The ability to construct and interpret visual language is a critical competency in industrial design education, enabling designers to communicate meaning, identity, and value through products. Yet, pedagogical practices often remain fragmented, short-term, and limited in scope, offering little cumulative support for developing these skills. Addressing this gap, this study introduces and evaluates a structured four-phase pedagogical framework designed to progressively foster visual language competencies in undergraduate education. Using a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach, the framework was implemented in a third-year studio course, encompassing: (1) redesigning existing products, (2) meaning generation through adjectives, (3) brand identity-focused product design, and (4) product family design. Data were collected through student design outputs, a 13-item questionnaire, and instructor reflection notes. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were applied to triangulate results. Results show that the approach strengthened students' ability to analyze, generate, and transfer visual language. Early phases posed challenges such as adaptation and time constraints, but later phases -particularly brand-oriented and product family design- were perceived as highly effective in consolidating analytical and creative competencies. Questionnaire responses indicated significant increases in students' confidence, while qualitative insights underscored the value of structured sequencing, guided critiques, and iterative reflection in supporting cumulative learning. By integrating theory and practice within authentic studio settings, this study offers a structured and adaptable model that unifies fragmented practices in teaching product semantics, meaning-making, and brand-oriented design. Beyond industrial design, the results suggest broader implications for project-based learning, where phased structures foster deeper engagement, transferable skills, and sustained confidence
Shanghai's High-Rise Buildings: Exploring Space Efficiency, Structural Systems, Forms, Materials and Core Designs
No full textThis study examines the architectural and structural design considerations influencing space efficiency in Shanghai's high-rise buildings. Understanding space efficiency is significant because it directly affects land-use intensity, economic returns, and sustainability outcomes. The objective of this study is to quantify space efficiency ratios by analyzing the relationships between core types, function, form, and structural systems, and assess temporal and comparative benchmarks for Shanghai within the global context. The novelty lies in its combined focus on architectural and structural determinants of space efficiency, supported by data on 43 high-rise buildings in Shanghai. Methodologically, this study relies on quantitative analysis of Net Floor Area (NFA), Gross Floor Area (GFA), and core ratios, supplemented with comparative evaluation of building forms, materials, and structural systems. The key findings reveal: (1) average space efficiency at 75% with core-to-GFA ratios of 23%, varying between 52-93% and 5-33% respectively; (2) the dominance of prismatic forms supported by composite outriggered frame systems; (3) a decline in efficiency with increasing building height due to larger service cores. Practically, this research highlights opportunities for stakeholders - including architects, engineers, and policymakers - to adopt lightweight materials, prefabrication techniques, and smart building systems that improve space efficiency in future high-rise developments
Utilizing POCUS in the Diagnosis of Small Bowel Obstruction and the Barriers to Its Implementation in Resource-Limited Settings: A Systematic Review
No full textHtoon, April/0009-0005-5416-9092PurposeSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency that can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, particularly when diagnosis is delayed. In rural and resource-limited emergency settings, advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) may not be readily available. As a result, clinicians often rely on physical examinations and plain radiographs which can be unreliable. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) provides a rapid, radiation-free and cost-effective diagnostic alternative that can be performed directly at the bedside.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of published literature evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of POCUS in identifying SBO on the following databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to December 2024. Studies were screened and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.ResultsThe sensitivity of POCUS for SBO ranged from 85.0 to 100%, while specificity ranged from 54.0 to 100%. Diagnostic accuracy remained high across a broad range of expertise overcoming operator dependence. Examination durations are approximately 10-11 min, which is markedly shorter than 45-min to 3-h by CT.ConclusionPOCUS presents as a practical, scalable and cost-saving tool for diagnosing SBO in rural emergency care, addressing significant gaps where CT is not available and also facilitates faster diagnosis by timely identification of specific features. Future efforts should focus on developing validated algorithms for resource-limited settings allowing immediate care management
Protection or Redundancy: Which is Better and When in Terms of Mean Time to Failure and Cost
No full textThis article is about comparing the effectiveness of protection mechanism and redundancy methods in terms of mean time to failure and cost criteria. Under the protection mechanism, a component is assumed to have different failure rates when it is protected and nonprotected. The protection block is also subject to failure and has constant failure rate. Alternatively, a redundant component which has the same failure rate with the original component may be used to enhance the reliability. For single unit and series systems, necessary conditions on the failure rate of the component are obtained to have a relation between the mean time to failure values of the system under both protection and redundancy. The extension of the results to coherent systems is also discussed
Genomic Characterization of Five Novel Salmonella Phages and the Assessment of Their Biocontrol Potential for the Preservation of Chicken Meat
No full textThe rise of multidrug-resistant Salmonella poses a significant threat to food safety and public health, necessitating novel antimicrobial strategies. The primary objective of this study was to characterize novel bacteriophages and assess their biocontrol potential against predominant Salmonella serotypes. A total of 84 lytic bacteriophages specific to various Salmonella enterica serotypes were isolated from wastewater sources across T & uuml;rkiye. Five phages (S.Hadar 4-5-1, S.Inf 5-2, S.Typ Adana, S.Ent 1-35-3, and S.Kent 1-2-1) demonstrating broad lytic activity to tested major serotypes (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Kentucky, S. Newport, S. Hadar, S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum) and genetic diversity were selected for detailed phenotypic and genomic analysis. These phages, four from Siphoviridae and one from Podoviridae, exhibited tolerance to thermal (up to 60 degrees C) and mildly acidic conditions (pH 4), as well as 12-month stability when stored in Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS) with 20 % (v/v) glycerol at -20 degrees C and - 80 degrees C. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed their novelty and the absence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. A cocktail formulated from these phages was applied against Salmonella Enteritidis both in-vitro (at 37 degrees C) and on artificially contaminated chicken wings (at 4 degrees C). The phage cocktail effectively reduced Salmonella counts in both environments, keeping levels below the detection limit (< 1 log CFU/g) over 24 h. For chicken wings food model, bacterial reductions reached 3.30 log CFU/g and 4.86 log CFU/g. These results underscore the potential of the newly characterized Salmonella phages as effective tools for controlling bacterial contamination on chicken meat, supporting their use as a natural, and antibiotic-free strategy in modern food safety management.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [121Z447]This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) , project number 121Z447