Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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Evaluation of the Pre-operative Period Physical Activity Levels of Sleeve Gastrecromy Patients (or Prospective)
No full textBu çalışma, bariatrik cerrahi öncesi dönemde obez bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile yeme davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun (%74.4) hareketsiz kategoride yer aldığı görülmüş; fiziksel aktivite skorları genel olarak düşük düzeyde seyretmiştir (x̄ = 2.20 ± 0.93). Üç Faktörlü Yeme Anketi (TFEQ-R18) ile değerlendirilen yeme davranışları ise ortalama düzeyde kontrolsüz yeme (x̄ = 10.12 ± 2.99), duygusal yeme (x̄ = 7.39 ± 2.91) ve açlığa duyarlılık (x̄ = 5.89 ± 2.61) eğilimleri göstermektedir. Bilişsel kısıtlama puanları ise ortalamada 16.90 ± 3.18 olarak saptanmıştır. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyine göre yeme davranışlarında belirgin farklılıklar olduğunu saptanmıştır. Duygusal yeme puanları, fiziksel aktivite arttıkça anlamlı ölçüde azalmış (p = 0.0011; p < 0.01); benzer şekilde kontrolsüz yeme (p < 0.05) ve açlığa duyarlılık (p < 0.05) düzeylerinde de aktivite ile ters yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan, bilişsel kısıtlama düzeyi açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p = 0.2008), bu da fiziksel aktivitenin bu boyutta etkili olmayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca, fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin toplam yeme davranışı puanı ile negatif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur (r = –0.171; p < 0.01). Bu bulgular, artan fiziksel aktiviteyle birlikte daha sağlıklı yeme davranışlarının ortaya çıkabileceğini desteklemektedir. Bu durum, bariatrik cerrahi öncesi dönemde fiziksel aktivitenin desteklenmesinin, cerrahi sonrası davranışsal uyumu artırabileceği yönünde önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bariatrik Cerrahi, Fiziksel Aktivite, Obezite, TFEQ-R18, Yeme DavranışıThis study aims to explore the relationship between physical activity levels and eating behaviors among obese individuals in the preoperative period prior to bariatric surgery. The majority of participants (74.4%) were classified as physically inactive, with overall low physical activity scores (x̄ = 2.20 ± 0.93). Eating behaviors assessed through the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) revealed moderate tendencies toward uncontrolled eating (x̄ = 10.12 ± 2.99), emotional eating (x̄ = 7.39 ± 2.91), and hunger sensitivity (x̄ = 5.89 ± 2.61), while cognitive restraint scores averaged 16.90 ± 3.18. Significant differences were observed in eating behaviors based on physical activity levels. Emotional eating scores significantly decreased with increasing physical activity (p = 0.0011; p < 0.01), as did scores for uncontrolled eating (p = 0.017; p < 0.05) and hunger sensitivity (p = 0.0242; p < 0.05), suggesting inverse associations. No significant difference was found in cognitive restraint (p = 0.2008), indicating that physical activity may not strongly influence this dimension. Additionally, total eating behavior scores showed a weak but significant negative correlation with physical activity (r = –0.171; p < 0.01). These findings suggest that higher levels of physical activity are associated with healthier eating patterns and underscore the potential benefit of promoting physical activity during the preoperative phase to enhance postoperative behavioral compliance. Keywords: Bariatric surgery, physical activity, obesity, TFEQ-R18, eating behavio
Effect of Moisture Content in Honeycomb Core on the Properties of Sandwich-Structured Composites
Full text linkBu çalışmada, üretim sırasında petek çekirdeklerinde oluşan nem içeriğinin kompozit sandviç panellerin mekanik performansı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Havacılık endüstrisi standartları, çekirdek kurutmayı kritik bir hazırlık adımı olarak vurgulasa da bu sürecin aramid sandviç panellerin performansı üzerindeki etkisi yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu kapsamda, yüksek nemli (ekstra nem, EM), oda koşulunda muhafaza edilmiş (oda koşulları, RC) ve düşük nemli (kurutulmuş, DR) olmak üzere üç çeşit panel üretilmiştir. Üretim sırasında çekirdeklerdeki nem farklılıklarına bağlı olarak panellere uygulanan tahribatsız muayene tetkiklerinde yapısal bir kusur gözlemlenmemiştir. Ancak, çekme ve soyma testlerinde bir performans farkı ortaya çıkmıştır. Artan nem içeriği, aramid liflerinde plastikleşme etkisi yaratmış ve yapıştırıcının kürlenme sürecini etkileyip çekme dayanımını azaltmıştır. Buna karşılık, nem miktarının artması, soyulma direncinde hidrojen bağı kaynaklı hafif bir iyileşme sağlamıştır. Ortamda bulunan düşük düzeydeki nem, ara yüz bağ kuvvetlerini artırabilirken, yüksek nem oranı çekme dayanımını zayıflatıp, soyulma direncinde belirgin bir artış sağlamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, özellikle yüksek çekme dayanımı gerektiren uygulamalar için çekirdeğin kurutma sürecinin optimize edilmesi, yapısal bütünlüğü korumak açısından hayati öneme sahiptir.This study investigated the effects of moisture content in honeycomb cores on the mechanical performance of composite sandwich panels. Aviation industry specifications highlight core drying as a critical preparation step; however, its impact on panel performance remains insufficiently explored. In that respect, three panels were produced using cores with varying moisture levels: high-moisture (extra-moist, EM), room-maintained (room condition, RC), and low-moisture (dried, DR). No structural defects were observed in the panels due to differences in core moisture by non-destructive testing methods. Nevertheless, flatwise tensile and climbing drum peel tests revealed performance variations. Increased moisture content reduced tensile strength, likely due to aramid fiber plasticization, which altered the curing process. Conversely, peel resistance improved slightly with higher moisture levels, attributed to hydrogen bonding. While moderate moisture can enhance bonding interactions, excessive levels weaken tensile strength without significantly boosting peel resistance. Therefore, optimizing the core drying process is essential to maintaining structural integrity, particularly for applications demanding high tensile strength
Multiple Discrimination against Children from an Intersectional Perspective
No full textBu çalışmada çocuklara yönelik çoklu ayrımcılık olgusunun kesişimsellik perspektifinde analiz edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, çoklu ayrımcılık literatüründeki farklı çalışmalar incelenerek kavramsal belirsizlik tespit edildikten sonra çoklu ayrımcılık; sıralı, eklemeli ve kesişimsel olarak üçe ayrılmış, kavramsal ve hukuki çerçeve çizilmiştir. Bu çerçevede çoklu ayrımcılığın tespit ve ispatında bağlamsallaştırılmış karşılaştırmanın gerekliliği vurgulanarak, kesişimsel ayrımcılığın özgünlüğü ve pratik hayattaki yoğunluğu sebebiyle; kesişimsel ayrımcılık, bölümün merkezine yerleştirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise çocukluk kavramının kesişimsel doğası ele alınmış ve çocukların bir yandan yaş temelli ayrımcılığa diğer yandan da cinsiyet, etnik köken, engellilik gibi diğer kimlik boyutları üzerinden çoklu ayrımcılığa açık oldukları vurgulanmıştır. Çocuklara yönelik sıralı, eklemeli ve kesişimsel ayrımcılık türleri örneklerle açıklanmış; kesişimsel ayrımcılık bu bölümün de merkezine yerleştirilerek; ayrıca çocukluk deneyiminin yapısal, siyasi ve temsili düzeylerdeki kesişimselliği tartışılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise çocuklara yönelik kesişimsel çoklu ayrımcılığa dikkat çekilerek; çocukların eğitim, adalet ve toplumsal hayattaki pratik deneyimleri kesişimsellik üzerinden değerlendirilmiş ve etnik köken, cinsiyet, ekonomik durum, engellilik, aile yapısı gibi temellerin norm ve uygulamalarla nasıl iç içe geçerek özgün çoklu ayrımcılık biçimi oluşturduğu örnek kararlar temelinde gösterilmiştir. En nihayetinde, çocukluk yalnızca biyolojik bir evre değil, çoklu ayrımcılığın yoğunlaştığı toplumsal bir deneyim alanı olarak ele alınmalıdır. Çocuklar yalnızca yaşlarından değil; aynı zamanda kesişen kimlikleri nedeniyle çok katmanlı ayrımcılıklara maruz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle çocuklara yönelik çoklu ayrımcılığın tanınması, görünür kılınması ve kesişimsel bir perspektifle analiz edilmesi zaruridir. Bu perspektif çocuk haklarının korunması, toplumsal adaletin sağlanması, ulusal ve uluslararası yükümlülüklerin yerine getirilmesi açısından kritik önemdedir.This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of multiple discrimination against children from an intersectional perspective. In the first chapter, after reviewing various works in the literature on multiple discrimination and identifying conceptual ambiguities, multiple discrimination is categorized into sequential, additive, and intersectional forms, and its conceptual and legal framework is outlined. Within this framework, the necessity of contextualized comparison in detecting and proving multiple discrimination is emphasized, and due to the distinctiveness and prevalence of intersectional discrimination in practical life, intersectional discrimination is positioned at the center of the chapter. The second chapter addresses the intersectional nature of childhood and highlights that children are vulnerable not only to age-based discrimination but also to multiple discrimination arising from other identity dimensions such as gender, ethnicity, and disability. Types of sequential, additive, and intersectional discrimination against children are explained with examples; intersectional discrimination is again placed at the center of the chapter, and the structural, political, and representational intersections of childhood experience are discussed. The third chapter draws attention to intersectional multiple discrimination against children, evaluating children's practical experiences in education, justice, and social life through the framework of intersectionality and demonstrates, based on exemplary decisions, how foundations such as ethnicity, gender, economic status, disability, and family structure intertwine with norms and practices to create a distinct form of multiple discrimination. Ultimately, childhood should be regarded not only as a biological phase but also as a social experience characterized by intensified multiple discrimination. Children are subjected to multilayered discrimination not only because of their age but also due to their intersecting identities. Therefore, recognizing, making visible, and analyzing multiple discrimination against children from an intersectional perspective is essential. This perspective is critical for the protection of children's rights, the realization of social justice, and the fulfillment of national and international obligations
Moocs and Economic Disadvantage: a Path Analysis of 3.5 Million Mitx Learners
No full textMassive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) are offered by universities and companies to provide quality education to anyone, anyplace and at any time. The impact of economic disadvantage on these courses has not been fully explored despite several studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of country's income level on the success of 3,523,692 learners from 204 countries enrolled in 174 MITx MOOCs. The countries were classified as low- and lower-middle-income (L&LM) or high- and upper-middle-income (H&UM). A structural equation modelling with multigroup analysis conducted. The findings revealed that learners in the L&LM group performed better academically. Completion rates were 66% for L&LM and 25% for H&UM, and certification rates were 95% for L&LM and 99% for H&UM. This shows that L&LM learners may be more motivated because they believe MOOCs might help their careers. These results are essential for creating MOOCs that fit diverse learner demographics
Impact of Simplified Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Approach on Procedural and Clinical Outcomes
No full textObjectives: Increased operator experience and development of techniques have reduced complication rates, and the new trend is the simplified approach (SA) in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of this study is to compare the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of the SA with the standard non-simplified ap - proach (NSA). Methods: We retrospectively included 517 consecutive symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients undergoing TAVI. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia accompanied by TEE and with predilatation in the NSA group. Whereas sedation and local anesthesia, removal of the routine use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), skipping the predilatation step in appropriate patients is adopted in SA group. Results: Among 517 patients, 144 underwent TAVI with SA and 363 with NSA. The NSA group was treated with the most Sapien XT valve (69.4% vs. 92.8; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in post-procedural complications between the groups as defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)- 2 criteria. Although there was a trend toward lower mortality at 30-day favoring SA group, this finding did not differ significantly between the groups (0% vs. 2.9%, respectively for SA and NSA groups, P=0.058). However, total cumulative mortality at the end of the follow-up period was found to be significantly reduced in the SA group (7.6% vs. 35.7; P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that predilatation, general anesthesia, TEE guidance, and simplified approach were independent predictors of total mortality. Conclusions: Our study showed that simplified TAVI procedure was safe and was no related to adverse events. Compared to the NSA group, SA-TAVI had statistically significant lower total mortality rates
Baby Steps of Parenting: Turkish Adaptation of Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Mother- and Infant-Related Characteristics Affecting Parenting in Infancy
No full textThe crucial importance of parenting for human development is well known, yet there has been little investigation, particularly regarding infancy parenting. This study investigates mother- and infant-related characteristics affecting parenting styles in the first year after birth. Additionally, adapting an Infancy Parenting Styles Questionnaire (IPSQ) to Turkish is aimed. In total, 110 mothers with babies in the first year of their lives (M age in months = 6.39, SDage in months = 3.72; 70 girls) participated in the study. Mothers filled out the IPSQ, Early Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (EPAQ), Karitane Parental Self-Confidence Scale (KPSC), and Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Four components emerged: involvement, discipline, anxiety, and routine. The IPSQ was found to be reliable (alpha = .81) and valid. The findings revealed that income, the number of children, and parental confidence were significant predictors for involvement; maternal education, parental confidence, parenting stress, and sleep wellness of the baby were significant predictors for discipline; and the number of caregivers and parental confidence were significant predictors for routine sub-components. Also, results indicated higher involvement and lower discipline in primiparous compared to multiparous mothers. The findings were discussed in light of the literature regarding the antecedents of parenting and its developmental outcomes.Social Science Citation Inde
Analytic Hierarchy Process in Determining Aircraft Basic Maintenance Training Durations
No full textPurpose – Currently, in aircraft basic maintenance training, it is determined that various aircraft basic maintenance training organizations around the world apply different basic maintenance durations for the same modules of the same licence categories. Aircraft basic maintenance training organizations are lacking a common curriculum with standard durations for the basic maintenance training modules. To remedy the problems associated with this issue, the purpose of this study is to develop and demonstrate a quantifiable reference (i.e. theoretical training and evaluation content intensity) based scientific theoretical method to determine the durations of the basic theoretical maintenance trainings held for B1.1 and B2 licence categories in aircraft basic maintenance training organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The total basic maintenance training duration was first allocated to basic, theoretical and practical maintenance trainings. The obtained basic theoretical maintenance training duration was then allocated to related modules and submodules by using weighted theoretical training content intensity and weighted theoretical evaluation content intensity, which were obtained by applying a multi-criteria decision-making approach using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Findings – In this study, it was found that there is no standardization upon aircraft basic maintenance training organizations for the allocation of the basic maintenance training durations to modules. To remedy this problem, a scientific method, which relies on quantifiable reference bases rather than subjective reasoning, is needed. The reference bases of the proposed theoretical method (i.e. theoretical training and evaluation content intensity) can be tuned with the inclusion of the effect of basic knowledge requirements through multi-criteria decision-making (AHP). The theoretical method proposed in this work is robust in terms of resulting in close proximity values of the basic theoretical maintenance training durations for the common modules of B1.1 and B2 licence categories. The theoretical method is proven to yield greater basic theoretical maintenance training durations for modules having greater theoretical training and evaluation content intensity and lower basic theoretical maintenance training durations for modules having less theoretical training and evaluation content intensity. A distinct similarity in terms of basic theoretical maintenance training durations and the ranking of the modules (in terms of durations) is not present when the average of the training organizations is compared to the results of the theoretical method. A quantifiable reference (i.e. theoretical training and evaluation content intensity) based scientific theoretical method to determine basic theoretical maintenance training durations was developed and demonstrated. Practical implications – Results of this study would especially be useful in an international effort to standardize the different basic theoretical maintenance training durations applied in various aircraft basic maintenance training organizations. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first in providing and demonstrating a scientific theoretical method based on a systematic, multi-criteria decision-making approach to determine the durations of the basic theoretical maintenance trainings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Contesting the EU? China's Engagement With Türkiye and the Western Balkans
No full textThe EU has been challenged as a norm exporter both internally and externally in recent years. However, studies focused on the external dimensions of this contestation, such as the rise of China, have remained limited in the literature to date. This article accordingly explores the external dimensions of EU contestation by examining the case of Chinese engagement with T & uuml;rkiye and the Western Balkan countries in the 2010s and 2020s. It is argued that despite the EU's long engagement as a norm exporter in the aforementioned countries, its hesitant approach to enlargement opened the gates to China as an alternative gravity centre for these countries. China filled the space left empty by the EU and increased its cooperation with T & uuml;rkiye and the Western Balkan countries. As a result, Chinese influence has become a reality, contesting the EU as a norm exporter in its own neighbourhood.Social Science Citation Inde
ISAR Imagıng of Drone Swarms Usıng mmWave Radar
No full textTeknolojide drone ve drone sürülerinin kullanımının artmasıyla birlikte, anti-drone teknolojilerinin kullanımı önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Ancak, sınırlı görüş alanına sahip senaryolarda drone ve drone sürülerinin tespiti literatürde kalıcı bir zorluk olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu tez, milimetre dalga (mmWave) frekans bantlarında yeniden oluşturulan drone sürülerinin Ters Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar (ISAR) görüntülerinin, oluşumlarına, boyutlarına ve yük yapılandırmalarına göre sınıflandırılmasına odaklanmaktadır. Drone sürülerinin ISAR görüntüleri, ANSYS Yüksek Frekanslı Yapısal Simülatör (HFSS) elektromanyetik simülasyon yazılımı kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Sürü yapıları, quadcopter dronlar kullanılarak modellenmiş ve oluşum tipleri, çizgi, çarpı, kare ve üçgen gibi temel geometrik şekillerle tasarlanmıştır. Sürülerdeki dronlar, orta, küçük ve mini olmak üzere üç boyutta kategorize edilmiştir. Ek olarak, yük dronları sürü yapılandırmalarına dahil edilmiştir. Yüksek çözünürlüklü ISAR görüntüleri elde etmek için radar ve simülasyon parametreleri optimize edilmiştir. Veri setini genişletmek için, ISAR görüntüleri çeşitli bakış açılarında (0° ila 350° arasında 10° artışlarla) oluşturulmuştur. ISAR görüntüleri kullanılarak sürü oluşumu tiplerinin belirlenmesi, görüntü tanıma aşamasında bir Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı (CNN) aracılığıyla gerçekleştirildi. Bunu takiben, nesne algılama aşamasında Sadece Bir Kez Bak (YOLO) algoritması kullanılarak drone boyutu ve yük tespiti gerçekleştirildi. Bu tezde elde edilen sonuçlar oldukça ümit vericidir. Genişletilmiş bir veri seti ve tespit algoritması sunarak, bu çalışma literatüre önemli katkıda bulunmaktadır.With the increasing use of drones and drone swarms in technology, the importance of anti-drone technologies has grown significantly. However, detecting drones and drone swarms in scenarios with limited fields of view remains a persistent challenge in the literature. This thesis focuses on the classification of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images of drone swarms reconstructed at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands based on their formation, size, and payload configurations. ISAR images of drone swarms were generated using the ANSYS High-Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS) electromagnetic simulation software. Swarm structures were modeled using quadcopter drones, and the formation types were designed with basic geometric shapes, such as line, cross, square, and triangle. The drones in the swarms were categorized into three sizes: medium, small, and mini. Additionally, payload drones were included in the swarm configurations. Radar and simulation parameters were optimized to obtain high-resolution ISAR images. To expand the dataset, ISAR images were reconstructed at various look angles (from 0° to 350° in 10° increments). The determination of swarm formation types using ISAR images was carried out through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in the image recognition phase. The detection of drone size and payload configurations was conducted using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm in the object detection phase. The results achieved in this thesis are highly promising. By presenting an extended dataset and detection algorithm, this work contributes significantly to the literature and advances the field of drone swarm detection
Investigating of Dynamic Compressive Response of Plain and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures at Various Strain Rates
No full textAcross the world, studies on building design are conducted at various scales. The behavior of structures under static loading has been the subject of various studies in the modern era, leading to the development of significant standards and application techniques. However, studies on the behavior of structures under dynamic loading have remained limited. This study investigated the dynamic compressive behavior of plain and fiber-reinforced C60 and C80 concrete samples through experimental studies at room temperature. In addition, this study also investigated dynamic deformation and fracture behavior of plain concrete samples by numerical studies. For this purpose, plain and fiber-reinforced C60 and C80 concrete samples were produced. Experimental studies covered both static and dynamic compression tests. Following the static tests, dynamic test samples with a diameter and length of 10 mm were produced from the static test samples by water jet cutting method and were dynamically compressed in the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test setup. Dynamic compression test results showed that the strength of plain and fiber-reinforced C60 and C80 concretes were obtained in the range of 74–162 MPa at an average strain rate of between 139 and 650 s−1. Experimental results also showed that the fiber addition affected the dynamic increase factor (DIF) and impact toughness of both C60 and C80 concretes in a good manner. To compare experimental and numerical results, a dynamic compression test condition was visualized with a high-speed camera and simulated with the Ls-Dyna software using the finite-element method. Numerical studies indicated a good correlation with dynamic compression results in terms of crack formation and fracture progress. © IMechE 2025