Atılım Academic Archive (Atılım University)
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Küresel İklim Rejiminde Denizel Çevre Politikaları: Birleşmiş Milletler Taraflar Konferansı Kararlarına Dayalı Bir Değerlendirme
No full textBu çalışma, küresel iklim rejimi kapsamında denizel çevre politikalarının nasıl ele alındığını ve BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (BMİDÇS) taraflar konferansları (COP, CMP ve CMA) kararlarının bu politikalar üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Denizel çevre, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini en yoğun şekilde hisseden ekosistemlerden biridir ve bu bağlamda uluslararası politika kararlarının bu ekosistemlere yönelik etkileri büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Makale, küresel iklim rejimi ve denizel çevre politikalarının tarihsel gelişimi, BMİDÇS ve bağlı anlaşmalar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi, COP kararlarının analizi ve denizel çevre politikalarıyla ilişkisini ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, Kyoto Protokolü (CMP kararları) ve Paris Anlaşması (CMA kararları) kapsamında alınan kararların denizel ekosistemlere etkisi de incelenmektedir. Çalışma, küresel iklim rejiminin okyanus ve denizlere olan etkisini anlamak amacıyla BMİDÇS tarafından alınan kararları belirli kategorilere ayırmakta ve sınıflandırmaktadır. Bunlar arasında deniz taşımacılığında karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması, küçük ada devletlerinin dirençliliği, deniz kıyılarının korunması ve planlanması, denizel biyoçeşitliliğin korunması, deniz su seviyesindeki yükselmenin önlenmesi, balıkçılık ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinin sürdürülebilirliği, asidifikasyonun engellenmesi ve mavi karbon süreçlerinin geliştirilmesi gibi temel alanlar yer almaktadır. Makalenin bulguları, son yirmi yılda okyanus ve denizlerin iklim politikaları içindeki rolünün arttığını göstermektedir. COP kararlarında denizel çevre konuları giderek daha fazla yer almakta, ancak bu kararların bağlayıcılığının ve etkinliğinin sınırlı olduğu belirtilmektedir. Kyoto Protokolü kapsamındaki CMP kararlarında denizel çevre konularına yeterince odaklanılmadığı görülürken, Paris Anlaşması sonrasında CMA kararlarında bu konulara daha fazla vurgu yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, BMİDÇS ve bağlı konferans kararlarının denizel çevre politikaları üzerindeki etkisi giderek artmaktadır. Ancak, deniz ekosistemleri ve iklim politikaları arasındaki ilişkinin daha fazla vurgulanması, denizel çevreyi koruyacak bağlayıcı kararların alınması ve uygulamaya geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Makale, gelecekteki BM iklim rejimi toplantılarında denizel ekosistemlere ilişkin kararların daha çok yer alabilmesi için politika yapıcılara önerilerde bulunmaktadır
Investigation of Promotion of Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma Game Played on Life-like Cellular Automata Environments
No full textBu tez, klasik Mahkumun İkilemi oyununun kural-tabanlı Hayat-Benzeri hücresel özdevinirler ortamlarına yerleştirilmesi yoluyla, mekansal olarak yapılandırılmış popülasyonlarda iş birliği davranışının ortaya çıkışını ve sürdürülebilirliğini incelemektedir. Bu yerleştirme amacıyla, hücresel özdevinirlerin doğum ve hayatta kalma kurallarını (B ve S ile gösterilir) ajanların iş birliği ya da ihaneti tercih etmesine bağlayan bir simülasyon çerçevesi GameMaker motoru kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. Ajanlar, toroidal bir ızgara üzerinde sekiz komşusuyla (Moore komşuları) etkileşir, Mahkumun İkilemi matrisine göre kazanç elde eder ve stratejilerini üç güncelleme moduna göre değiştirirler: gerekirci (Normal), kanonik Fermi kuralıyla stokastik taklit (Stochastic) ve benzer kümülatif ödemelere sahip komşulara yönelen Stokastik Plato varyantı (Stochastic Plateau). Farklı B/S kuralları incelenerek yerel güncellemelerin ve özdevinir kuralların mekansal iş birliği desenleri ile ortalama iş birliği üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, dikkatle seçilen gerekirci Hayat-Benzeri kurallarla uygulanan stokastik güncellemelerin, yalnızca gerekirci dinamiklere kıyasla iş birliğini artırabildiğini göstermektedir. Özellikle Stokastik Plato modu, daha geniş parametre aralıklarında dayanıklı iş birliği kümeleri üretmektedir. Bu bulgular, uyarlanabilir sistemlerde iş birliğini teşvik eden yerel dinamikler ve kazanç odaklı stokastik güncellemeler hakkında yeni içgörüler sunmaktadır.This thesis investigates the emergence and sustainment of cooperative behaviour in spatially structured populations by embedding the classical Prisoner's Dilemma game within rule-driven Life-like cellular automata environments. For our embedding purpose, we develop a simulation framework using the GameMaker engine that maps cellular automata-driven birth and survival rules (denoted B and S) to agents' decisions as cooperate or defect. Agents interact with their eight immediate neighbours (i.e. Moore neighbours) on a toroidal grid, accumulate payoffs according to standard Prisoner's Dilemma payoff matrices, and update their strategies under three distinct modes: deterministic (Normal), stochastic imitation via the canonical Fermi update rule (Stochastic), and a novel Stochastic Plateau variant that biases imitation toward neighbours with similar cumulative game payoffs. By systematically exploring a range of B/S rule sets, we quantify how local update dynamics and automata rules influence spatial cooperative pattern formation and average cooperation levels. Our results demonstrate that stochastic updating coupled with carefully chosen deterministic Life‑Like rules can significantly enhance cooperation compared to deterministic dynamics, with the Stochastic Plateau mode yielding robust cooperative clusters under broader parameter regimes. The findings offer new insights into the role of local spatial dynamics and payoff-driven stochastic updates in promoting cooperative behaviour in complex adaptive systems
The Association Between Respiratory Functions, Pain Tolerance and Body Awareness in Obstructive Lung Diseases
No full textPurpose: There are only a limited number of studies in the literature evaluating body awareness, pain perception, and the relationship between clinical parameters and respiratory functions in patients with obstructive lung disease (OLD) and compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate respiratory functions, pain tolerance, and body awareness in patients with OLD and compare these findings with those of healthy individuals. Methods: The study included 33 patients and 30 healthy individuals. The respiratory function (spirometer), respiratory muscle strength (mouth pressure device), endurance (threshold loading device), pain level and tolerance (short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and algometer), posture, and body awareness (Body Awareness Questionnaire-BAQ) were evaluated. Results: The pain threshold and tolerance of the biceps, triceps, trapezius, and quadriceps muscles were significantly lower and BAQ scores were higher in patients with OLD compared with healthy individuals (p < .05). There was a significant relationship between FEV1 (%) and pain tolerance of the triceps (r = 0.371, p = .047) and gastrocnemius muscles (r = 0.419, p = .024); FVC (%) and pain threshold of the gastrocnemius (r = 0.413, p = .023), triceps muscles (r = 0.394, p = .034), and pain tolerance of the gastrocnemius muscle (r = 0.549, p = .002). Conclusions: Patients with OLD have a marked increase in pain perception and body awareness levels and a decrease in pain threshold and tolerance compared with healthy controls. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of pain management interventions as a part of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Clinical Implications: Pain management is important for planning pulmonary rehabilitation programmes. (c) 2024 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Hacettepe University [THD-2018-17314]Funding This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Hacettepe University [Grant number THD-2018-17314] .Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Science Citation Inde
Biotechnological Preparedness for Novel Pandemics: Diagnostic Performance of IVDS Against SARS-CoV
No full textErcan, Meltem/0000-0003-2313-6325Although the COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges and negative impacts around the world, some of which will persist into the future, its technological challenge has created a unique opportunity in a globalized world. It is a rare event that almost all of humanity to be directed towards a single goal and to try to produce solutions, but the necessity of a similar global action in the future has begun to enter the agenda again. The predictions made on the basis of countries and institutions against the possibility of a pandemic, which is defined as Disease X, are shaped by the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Technologically, one of the know-how we have gained in this pandemic is the performance of IVD and test systems in terms of quality and quantity. A comprehensive analysis of the products produced by combining biotechnology with different strategies has not been conducted. In this context, we have analyzed the technical preferences, limitations, and other performance parameters of IVDs and test kits that could be developed against a future Disease X. The performance parameters of 2,882 biotechnological products listed for use in the European Union have been analyzed, and areas that could be targeted for increased effectiveness have been identified. Our study is the first of its kind in this field and can serve as a guide for those who want to work on detection methods, diagnostics, and novel technologies for deployment in future pandemics.This study was supported by the Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa (EB-EP-BI-2024-0280), the Swedish Research Council (VR-2024-016121), and HORIZON-MSCA-2022-COFUND-101126600-SmartBRAIN3. [EB-EP-BI-2024-0280]; Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa [VR-2024-016121, HORIZON-MSCA-2022-COFUND-101126600-SmartBRAIN3]; Swedish Research CouncilFunding for this project was provided by the Diputacion Foral de Gipuzkoa (EB-EP-BI-2024-0280), the Swedish Research Council (VR-2024-016121), and HORIZON-MSCA-2022-COFUND-101126600-SmartBRAIN3.Science Citation Index Expande
Liability of Heirs for Suretyship Debt
No full textKefalet sözleşmesi, alacağı güvence altına alma işlevi gören ve borcun ifa edilmemesi durumunda asıl borçlu dışındaki bir üçüncü kişinin, kefilin, asıl alacaklıya karşı sorumlu olmayı üstlendiği şahsi bir teminat sözleşmesidir. Kişilerin sahip olduğu hak ehliyeti gerçek kişiler için ölüm ile sona erer ancak hukuki konum ve ilişkileri sona ermez. Murisin sağlığında düzenlediği kefalet sözleşmesiyle kefil olduğu ve henüz borcunu ifa etmemişken öldüğü yahut hakkında ölüme benzer bir durumunun söz konusu olduğu durumlarda, bu borcu mirasçılara intikal eder; zira miras hukukunda külli halefiyet ilkesi esastır. Murisin kefalet sözleşmesinden doğan borcu, herhangi bir hukuki işlem, bir başka deyişle borcun üstlenilmesi veya nakli gerekmeksizin ve mirasçının irade beyanına ihtiyaç olmaksızın intikal edecektir. Dolayısıyla mirasçılar kural olarak kefalet borcundan sorumlu olurlar. Murisin mirasını kabul eden mirasçıların kefalet borcundan sorumluluğu kural olarak kişisel malvarlıklarıyla sınırsız ve müteselsildir.A suretyship agreement is a personal guarantee agreement that functions to secure the receivable and in case of non-performance of the debt, a third party other than the principal debtor, the surety, undertakes to be liable to the principal creditor. For natural persons, the legal capacity of individuals ends with death, but their legal position and relations do not end. In cases where the deceased is a surety under a suretyship agreement issued by the deceased during his/her lifetime and dies while he/she has not yet fulfilled his/her obligation, or in the event of a situation similar to death, his/her heirs inherit this debt; since the principle of universal succession is essential in inheritance law. The debt of the deceased arising from the suretyship agreement will be transferred without any legal transaction, in other words, without the need for the assumption or transfer of the debt and without the need for the heir's declaration of will. Therefore, the heirs shall be liable for the surety debt as a rule. As a rule, the liability of the heirs who accept the inheritance of the deceased for the surety debt is unlimited and joint and several with their personal assets
A Critical Review on Multifunctional Building Envelope Materials for Simultaneous Mitigation of Urban Heat and Noise Islands
No full textYilmaz, Cagri/0000-0002-2976-1044Rethinking urban models requires resilient designs providing solutions to environmental problems at the building scale. Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and Urban Noise Islands (UNI) often coexist and significantly affect human health and comfort. This article aims to examine dual-function building envelope materials for reducing urban heat and noise islands using the literature review method. Dual-functional building envelope materials provide versatile benefits such as increasing energy efficiency, mitigating environmental challenges in densely populated areas, and improving individual and social health and comfort, in addition to their thermal and acoustic benefits. The use of these materials in building envelopes supports the climate adaptation of cities and provides resource efficiency.High albedo cool materials used for excessive heat reduction can be in the form of cool roofs or cool walls. High reflective materials, cool colored materials, retro-reflective materials, photoluminescent materials, thermochromic materials and sustainable materials are the most common among the cool material alternatives. The use of natural and local white colored gravel of various sizes on cool roofs is a low-cost and efficient approach to UHI reduction. Cool colored materials reflecting the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum bring a suitable solution for historical buildings where white color application is not appropriate. Highly reflective materials combat heat-related risks by reflecting incoming solar radiation directly back to their source due to their special content. Photoluminescent materials, which are still in the research phase, and thermochromic materials that change color when they reach a predetermined temperature are other solutions used to prevent heat-induced problems. Recycled or paraffin, biowaste oil added Phase Change Materials (PCM) also offer environmentally friendly, sustainable solutions for this case. In terms of UNI mitigating techniques, sound absorbing materials with high sound absorption coefficient and low density are widely preferred for building envelopes. Since high albedo materials generally have low sound absorption capacity, although reduction in heat- and noise-related threats is possible separately with the building envelope materials to be selected, multifunctional surface design diminishing both UHI and UNI effects simultaneously still involves various challenges. However, there are various strategies including applications of green walls and green roofs. Innovative approaches such as the use of PCM in pavements or the conversion of noise into green electricity using resonators or acoustic metamaterials also exist. While such solutions have not yet been widely found in practical applications, they are promising for the resilient smart cities of the future. Further experimental validation is needed to evaluate the long-term performance, cost-effectiveness and climate-specific applicability of multifunctional materials.HighlightsMulti functional building envelope materials that simultaneously address UHI and UNI offer great opportunities to create resilient future designs.Using cool materials in building envelopes mitigate UHI related risks.Using sound-absorbing materials in building envelopes mitigate UNI related risks.Innovative solutions such as phase-changing materials and converting harvested noise into electricity are great future opportunities.Science Citation Index Expande
Current New Approach in Thoracoscopic Surgery: Non-Intubated Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (Ni-Univats)
No full textBackground and Objectives: Non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NI-UniVATS) is a minimally invasive technique performed using a single port, allowing the entire surgical procedure to be completed with spontaneous breathing without the need for general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 51 patients who underwent NI-UniVATS between 2020 and 2023. The intraoperative and postoperative data of patients who underwent NI-UniVATS were evaluated. Results: Among the cases, 37 (72.5%) were male, and 14 (46.6%) were female, with a mean age of 47.73 +/- 20.43 years (range: 18-78 years). The mean operative time was 25.92 +/- 7.31 min. No perioperative complications were observed in any patient. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.17 +/- 1.76 days (range: 2-9 days). A right hemithoracic approach was performed in 28 patients (54.9%), whereas a left hemithoracic approach was used in 23 patients (45.1%). The procedures performed included wedge resection in 27 patients (52.9%), biopsy in 22 patients (43.1%), pericardial window creation in one patient (2%), and intrathoracic foreign body removal in one patient (2%). Conclusions: NI-UniVATS allows for safer surgery by preventing the adverse effects and complications associated with general anesthesia. NI-UniVATS can be recommended as a safe and feasible approach for both minor and major thoracic procedures.Science Citation Index Expande
GC Contents of the Genes May Imply Associations with Coronary Artery Disease, Autism, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
No full textPMMA-Based Electrospun Composite Fibers for Dye Adsorption From Water
No full textPoly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA/poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based composite fibers were produced using electrospinning technique with two different additives; halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and boron phosphate (BPO4). The effect of the additives on the morphology, wettability and dye adsorption properties of electrospun fibers were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurement and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results of SEM analysis indicated that addition of PEG resulted in thinner average fiber diameter and beaded structure. Additionally, it was also observed that incorporating both HNT and BPO4 to the PMMA solution caused increased fiber diameter which might be due to increased solution viscosity. For PMMA fibers containing 3 wt% HNT, the highest average diameter and water contact angle were measured as 2204 +/- 302 nm and 110.29 +/- 3.9 degrees, respectively. The produced fibers were tested for the capability to adsorb methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. Dye adsorption capacity of the samples increased by addition of HNT and BPO4. According to adsorption capacity results, PMMA/PEG/BPO4 composite sample containing 5 wt% BPO4, with an adsorption capacity of 0.76 mg/g, was determined as adsorbent for kinetic and isotherm studies. The adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model, and equilibrium data were correlated with the Langmuir model
Predicting Stroke Risk Using Machine Learning: A Data-Driven Approach to Early Detection and Prevention
Full text linkStroke is a major global health concern and a leading cause of disability and mortality, emphasizing the need for early risk prediction and intervention. This study leverages statistical analysis, machine learning (ML) classification, clustering, and survival modeling to identify key stroke predictors using a dataset of 5110 records. Descriptive statistics reveal that age, glucose levels, BMI, hypertension, and heart disease are the most influential risk factors. Stroke prevalence is notably higher among hypertensive (13.25%) and heart disease patients (17.03%), as well as among former (7.91%) and current smokers (5.32%). Clustering analysis using PCA and t-SNE highlights high-risk groups with elevated glucose levels and advanced age. Among ML models, XGBoost offers the best trade-off between precision and recall, while na & iuml;ve Bayes achieves the highest recall (0.404), detecting more stroke cases despite higher false positives. Feature importance analysis ranks glucose, BMI, and age as dominant predictors, with XGBoost emphasizing cardiovascular conditions. Survival analysis confirms increasing stroke risk beyond age 60, with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox models showing a 31.9% risk increase linked to hypertension. These findings underscore the importance of early screening, lifestyle intervention, and targeted care. Future research should explore data-balancing methods like SMOTE and develop real-time tools to support clinical decision-making.Gulf University for Science and Technology [ISG- Case 137]This project has been partially supported by the Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST) and the GUST Engineering and Applied Innovation Research Center (GEAR) under project code ISG- Case 137