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Investigating the Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Radius on Thermal Behavior of Silica Aerogel/Paraffin Nanostructure Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
No full textSawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh/0000-0001-7067-5239Individuals utilize various renewable energy sources due to the augmenting fuel costs and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, scientists are confronted with a significant challenge that must be resolved. They must devise more efficient methods for storing energy that can be rapidly converted to other forms. It is imperative to select materials that can transition between various phases, such as solid to liquid or vapor while preserving thermal energy (TE). This pertains to its ability to conserve energy and reduce the harmful greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere. Silica aerogels (SAs) are effective at modulating temperature (T) by retaining heat or cold. Many believe that phase change materials (PCMs), capable of storing heat, are viable insulation options. This study aimed to examine the atomic and thermal performance (TP) of SA/paraffin (SAP) nanostructure with different radii of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs). This examination was performed using molecular dynamics modeling. The effect of NP radii on T, velocity (V), and Density (D), as well as the effects on thermal conductivity (TC), heat flux (HF), charge time (CT), and discharge time (DT), was examined. The results indicate that the modeled samples' T, V, and D diminished to 903.99 K, 0.0080 & Aring;/fs, and 0.0825 atom/& Aring;3, respectively, as the NP radii increase to 10 & Aring;. Also, the HF and TC diminished to 1.57 W/m.K. and 56.09 W/m2, respectively. By augmenting the size of the NPs, the CT and DT in the simulated sample reduce to 6.09 and 8.28 ns, respectively.Science Citation Index Expande
Effect of Scanning Strategies on Trueness and Time Efficiency of Digital Impression on Paediatric Models
No full textBackground: Various scanning methods aim to reduce intraoral scanner errors, yet no specific approach targets paediatric patients. Aim: Evaluate continuous (C) and noncontinuous (NC) scanning patterns' impact on the trueness and duration of paediatric digital impressions. Design: A standard pedodontic typodont model was scanned with a Trios 4 Move+ IOS using four scanning strategies. C1 and C2 followed continuous scanning from the right molars, with different directions. NC1 scanned noncontinuously from the right molar, with breaks every four teeth. NC2 began at the right primary incisor, with breaks after every three teeth. Each scan, performed five times by one researcher, was timed. Industrial scanning provided reference data. Deviations were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Results: NC1 had higher deviations in the lower jaw, whereas C1 and NC1 showed higher deviations in the upper jaw (p <.001). C1 had significantly higher deviations in the upper jaw than the lower jaw (p =.041). NC2 had the longest scanning time in both upper and lower jaws (p =.002). Conclusion: Paediatric digital impressions benefit from starting at the anterior and incorporating breaks, although this increases scanning time. © 2024 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Science Citation Index Expande
Alternative Treatment for Refractory Jacquet Dermatitis After Hirschsprung Disease Surgery: a Case Report
No full textKilic, Sinan/0000-0003-3454-5538Introduction: Jacquet's erosive diaper dermatitis (JDD) is a severe form of diaper dermatitis, characterized by papuloerythematous erosions with crater-like borders in the genital and perianal regions. Case presentation: A 2-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease (HD) during the neonatal period. A transition zone was detected in the rectosigmoid region on a contrast enema. Full-thickness rectal biopsy confirmed aganglionosis, and a colostomy was created from the transverse colon. At 18 months of age, the patient underwent the Swenson procedure, and the colostomy was closed during the same session. Following the operation, spontaneous stool passage was achieved. Approximately six months after surgery, ulcerative lesions characteristic of Jacquet dermatitis developed in the perianal region. Despite six months of treatment with moisturizers, regenerative, epithelializing, and barrier therapies (e.g., zinc oxide, madecassoside, shea butter, glycerin, oatmeal, hyaluronic acid), the lesions did not improve. However, after initiating treatment with pure Aloe Vera gel, including a 10 % diluted natural extract applied four times daily, plus a dairy-free diet for three weeks, a rapid clinical response was observed, with visible improvement within the same period. Conclusion: The combination of Aloe Vera-based ointment plus dairy-free diet seems to be an effective management strategy for children with post pull-through Jacquet's dermatitis.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Soliton-M Wave Formation and Other Interacting Propagation for the Nonlinear Geng Equation
No full textIn this work, we obtain various kind of lump interaction solutions for the (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Geng equation, which was derived in relation to Hamiltonian flows on nonlinear subvarieties of hyperelliptic Jacobian. The well-known technique namely Hirota bilinear is used to accomplish the task. A lump solution is a real analytical rational function solution that decays in all directions of the space variables. The governing equation describes wave dynamical behaviors in more complex applications related to shallow water wave or other similar fluids. Numerical simulations using the three-dimensional and contour profiles are carried out with careful consideration for the values of the involved parameters in order to shed more light on the properties of the acquired solutions.Science Citation Index Expande
Optimizing Environmental Performance in a Contemporary Hybrid Villa in Baghdad: a Design Builder Simulation of Vernacular Architecture Integration
No full textThis study examines the integration of traditional architectural elements—"Shanasheel," "Bad-Geer," and "Al-Hosh"—into a hybrid contemporary villa in Baghdad's arid/dry climate. The research starts with employing an observational fieldwork alongside dynamic thermal simulations to analyze and contrast traditional Baghdadi homes with contemporary Iraqi residences. “DesignBuilder” software was employed to simulate operative temperature, solar gain, cooling load, daylight factor, and natural ventilation. The evaluation results indicated that the inclusion of vernacular components markedly has enhanced the thermal performance of hybrid villa, which interior peak temperatures reduced from 40°C to 31-35 ° C and solar gain decreased from 9.2 kW to 4.1 kW. Moreover, the cooling load experienced an 8% decrease. "Shanasheel" augmented daylighting and diminished solar heat gain, whilst "Bad-Geer" facilitated natural ventilation. The research emphasizes on the capability of vernacular architecture in improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort when used in design approaches of contemporary projects, promoting a hybrid methodology that integrates traditional and contemporary construction methods. The research’s Recommendations include the integration of passive cooling techniques, the reintroduction of shade devices, and the modification of building rules to promote sustainable practices. © IJCESEN
Optimising Phase Change Materials for Ventilated Building Components in Sustainable Building Design: a Comprehensive Review
No full textThe rise in energy-efficient, sustainable building operations necessitates the development of advanced innovations that reduce heating and cooling demands while maintaining comfortable indoor thermal conditions. Phase change materials (PCMs) demonstrate significant potential as a stabilization mechanism through latent heat storage for managing residential indoor temperatures; however, their integration into systems requires further optimisation. This review examines PCM-assisted ventilation technologies-specifically ventilated fa & ccedil;ades, roofs, and windows-highlighting their energy performance, which ranges from 7.7 % to 32.8 %, and their capacity to reduce peak temperatures by 2.5 degrees C to 7.02 degrees C. These improvements are influenced by PCM thickness of 15-35 mm and melting temperatures of 15-37 degrees C. The combination of PCM-enhanced hybrid systems with natural or mechanical ventilation has shown greater operational effectiveness, particularly in hot climates and when integrated with adaptive control systems to achieve optimal performance. Despite their benefits, widespread adoption of PCM technologies is hindered by high material costs, hysteresis effects, and limited discharge cycle efficiency. Nevertheless, PCM-enhanced ventilation systems have proven capable of supporting sustainable, low-energy buildings. Continued research is needed to develop cost-effective design strategies, automated control mechanisms, and climate-responsive optimisations to fully realize their potential.Science Citation Index Expande
Designing a Power Transfer System for the Investigation of the Magnetorheological Characteristics of a Magnetic Fluid
No full textSawaran Singh, Narinderjit Singh/0000-0001-7067-5239This study explored the performance of magnetic fluids in couplings, focusing on optimizing torque and rotational transfer. It investigated how variations in mass fraction, oil film thickness, and cylinder diameter impacted the efficiency and torque transfer capabilities of the system. The research aimed to identify the optimal combination of these parameters for improved performance under magnetic field conditions. The study employed both experimental and numerical simulation methods. Cylinders with diameters of 80 mm, 105 mm, and 130 mm were tested to analyze the dynamics of fluid flow between internal and external cylinders. Numerical simulations predicted optimal system performance, and the results were validated through laboratory experiments. Key metrics included torque transfer, rotational velocity, oil film thickness, and shear stress applied to the cylinder walls. The findings show that reducing oil film thickness enhanced torque and rotational transfer. The 80 mm cylinder performed poorly at low mass fractions, while the 105 mm cylinder achieved effective performance at a 60 % mass fraction. The 130 mm cylinder demonstrated superior performance across all mass fractions due to its thinner oil film and higher shear stress. However, torque transfer plateaued at magnetic field intensities above 0.33 T, indicating limitations in system control. In conclusion, optimizing mass fraction and cylinder diameter enabled significant improvements in torque and rotational transfer. The system achieved a maximum torque of 2.75 N.m and a peak rotational speed of 820 rpm with a 130 mm cylinder at a 60 % mass fraction.Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education's Higher Education Industry-Education Integration Practice Project [202107175]; Ministry of Education's Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project "Construction of Communication and Electronic Experiment Training Base" [202101220021]Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education's Higher Education Industry-Education Integration Practice Project "Exploration of Collab-orative Construction of EMS Talent Base Based on Industry-Education Integration" (202107175) . Ministry of Education's Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project "Construction of Communication and Electronic Experiment Training Base" (202101220021) .Science Citation Index Expande
Using Different Evolutionary Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks To Predict the Rheological Behavior of a New Nano-Lubricant Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Zinc Oxide Nano-Powders in Oil 10w40 Base Fluid
No full textThis study addresses the challenge of predicting and optimizing the viscosity of nano-lubricants containing Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide nanopowders suspended in 10W40 base oil. Accurate viscosity control is crucial for enhancing lubrication system performance. To achieve this, an artificial neural network based on the Group Method of Data Handling was developed, integrated with eight advanced evolutionary algorithms to improve prediction accuracy and optimize viscosity under varying conditions of solid volume fraction, temperature, and shear rate. The research bridges a significant gap by combining predictive modeling with multi-objective optimization, outperforming traditional artificial neural network methods. The use of advanced evolutionary algorithms enabled precise optimization of nano-lubricant properties, while the expanded parameter space provided deeper insights into the impact of operational conditions. The framework achieved a root mean square error of 13.569 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9965, highlighting its superior accuracy. Temperature was identified as the most influential factor, with a viscosity function margin of deviation of -0.88. Further optimization using a Genetic Algorithm determined optimal conditions of 1 % solid volume fraction, 55 °C temperature, and 875.577 s⁻¹ shear rate, resulting in an optimal viscosity of 32.722 cP. This study fills a critical gap in the literature, offering a novel framework for designing high-performance nano-lubricants and significantly advancing the field of lubrication science with improved prediction and optimization methodologies for industrial applications. © 2025 The Author(s
Optimal Control and Dynamics of Human-To Lassa Fever With Early Tracing of Contacts and Proper Burial
No full textLassa fever is a zoonotic viral disease that is contagious. In this research, a nonlinear deterministic mathematical model of human-to-human transmission of Lassa fever is formulated, which concentrates on the impact of early tracing of contacts and proper burial. The goal of this research was to assess the impact of tracing contacts and the proper burial of deceased individuals. We performed the test of the existence of equilibrium on the model. We computed control and basic reproduction numbers, R(c )and R-0, using the next-generation matrix approach, and we were able to prove the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium using the comparison method. We ascertained that the equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R-c 1, with the condition that if the disease-induced death rates, the hospitalization rate of quarantined and untraced individuals, and the reversion rate of quarantined and traced individuals are all equals to zero. Numerical simulation suggests that, if the traced contact rate can be made high, it can help in controlling Lassa fever disease in society, which will also lead to a decline in infectious individuals in society. If the proper burial rate can be made almost perfect, it can help in controlling Lassa fever disease in society, which will lead to a decline in the number of infectious individuals in society. The optimal control plot shows that the campaign to increase personal hygiene and public knowledge of the actions that increase the risk of sickness is more effective in controlling Lassa fever.Science Citation Index Expande
Geospatial and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Optimal Site Selection of Solar/Wind Desalination Plants in Oman
No full textDesalination plants are being constructed due to the growing demand for drinkable water worldwide. This study identified the best locations for desalination systems using renewable sources across Oman via a spatial multicriteria analysis. The results show two main sites for wind-based desalination and five main sites for solarpowered desalination, with most located near coastal areas with favorable geographical features for seawater pumping. These sites are well-positioned for integration into the national grid and are near existing transportation and transmission networks. The central coastal region around Duqm is identified as the most promising area for wind and solar energy-coupled desalination due to its renewable resources, proximity to the national 400-kilovolt transmission network, and access to seaport infrastructure. Other identified regions include Sur and Ash Shuwaymiyyah, both with great solar energy capacity and proximity to populated areas. Despite higher distribution costs, these sites have long-term benefits in energy generation, freshwater supply, and agricultural development. The findings provide a solid foundation for sustainable water solutions and further work with Oman's renewable energy strategy at the national level.College of Economics and Political Science [IG/EPS/OMBS/24/03]The first author will want to acknowledge the internal Research Grant Numbered IG/EPS/OMBS/24/03 by the College of Economics and Political Science (CEPS - OMBS) - Department of operations management and business statistics as the primary motive of research.Science Citation Index Expande