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Explainable Deep Learning Model with the Internet of Medical Devices for Early Lung Abnormality Detection
No full textThe decision-making process in healthcare monitoring systems has extensively used deep learning and the Internet of Things (IoT). Among the new uses in today's procedures is disease prediction. A difficult challenge in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is lung cancer prediction, which is addressed in this paper's solution using deep learning and IoT. IoT medical devices send disease-related data to the server, as lung cancer is a hazardous medical condition that must be detected faster. Following processing, a multi-layer Convolutional Neural Network (ML-CNN) model is used to classify the medical data into benign and malignant groups. Enhanced Particle swarm optimization (EPSO) is also used to enhance learning capacity (accuracy and loss). Medical data from the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), including sensor data and Computed Tomography (CT) scan results, is used in this stage. The information from sensors and IoMT devices' picture data is collected for this purpose, and classification operations are then performed. The suggested method's accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F-score, and computation time are compared to well-known current approaches such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Linear Imaging and Self-Scanning Sensor (LISS) and Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) datasets were the two lung datasets used for this performance evaluation. Trial results indicate that the recommended strategy may aid in the timely and accurate identification of lung cancer in radiologists compared to other techniques. The efficacy of the suggested ML-CNN was examined through Python analysis. The results showed that the accuracy was superior to the number of instances, the precision was superior to the number of cases, and the sensitivity was superior to several instances, the F-score was superior to the number of cases, the error rate was inferior to the number of cases, and the computation time was inferior to the total number of instances computed for the proposed work, even when accounting for prior knowledge. Previous efforts are outperformed by this method, as shown by the suggested ML-CNN architecture. © 2025 Elsevier LtdScience Citation Index Expande
Simulation of Condensation Process With Different Fluids in Micro and Nanochannels To Investigate the Wall Material, Curvature of the Channel, and Electric and Magnetic Fields Using the Molecular Dynamics Approach
No full textNowadays, computer simulations are a suitable tool for understanding physical phenomena. This paper examined the condensation process of various fluids in micro/nanochannels (MCs/NCs) using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The present study examined the condensation time in MCs and NCs across different base fluid types, atomic materials, the number of atomic curvatures (NAC), and the intensities of electric field (EF) and magnetic field (MF). The results reveal that the time required for phase change (condensation) in the helium (He) fluid-structure was less in MCs (2.91 ns) and NCs (2.72 ns) compared to other samples. Changing the atomic materials of MCs and NCs (copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), and Cu/Pt) showed that Pt reduced the condensation times to 2.62 ns for MCs and 2.58 ns for NCs. To enhance atomic interactions in the simulated MCs and NCs, the NAC was modeled at 1, 2, and 3. Increasing the NAC in MCs and NCs decreased the condensation times from 2.91 ns and 2.72 ns to 2.62 ns and 2.58 ns, respectively. The results indicate that condensation time decreases as NAC increases. Increasing the intensities of EF and MF enhanced a fluid's atomic mobility and kinetic energy (KE). Applying an EF with magnitudes of 0, 1, 2, and 5 V/m increased the condensation times of MCs and NCs from 2.91 ns and 2.72 ns to 3.39 ns and 3.36 ns, respectively. Additionally, changing the intensity of MF altered the phase change times in MCs and NCs to 3.17 ns and 3.15 ns, respectively.Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University [RGP2-293-46]Authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2-293-46.Science Citation Index Expande
Examination of Risks Affecting the Formation of Cervical Disc Herniation With Fmea and Pareto Analysis Methodology
No full textBackground and objectives: The study aims to determine risk levels of incorrect movements and behaviors that affect the formation of Cervical Disc Herniation (CDH) using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), and identify critical risks with Pareto Analysis. Methods: 22 risks that affect the formation of CDH have been identified, evaluated by the FMEA team, and a Risk Priority Number (RPN) has been calculated to create an FMEA table. Pareto Analysis has been conducted. Results: According to the 40–60% ratio values in Pareto Analysis, it is observed that traffic accidents, weakness in neck muscles, manual therapy performed by non-experts, and mobile phone usage stand out and are significant risks. Discussion: It is understood that by focusing on solving the top 4 risks that stand out in the RPN ranking, which we have identified through FMEA and Pareto Analysis systems, a large part of this problem can be solved by addressing a small number of risks. © 2025 Asociación Española de Fisioterapeuta
Heat Transfer Performance Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Thermal With Different Fins in the Presence of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials
No full textThe sunlight emitted to the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) panel is not completely harvested for electricity and part of it is converted to heat. The heat generated reduces the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. In this study, we try to transfer heat from the surface of a photovoltaic panel using nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs). Also, three different geometries with different numbers of fins on the thermal performance of the photovoltaic panel have been investigated. In this simulation, the finite volume method (FVM) and the SIMPLE algorithm are used. Our results showed that in low Rayleigh numbers where conduction heat transfer is predominant the best way to improve the thermal performance of PVT is to use five fins without melting NEPCM. However, in a high Ra number, the use of NEPCM can improve heat transfer by up to 7 %. Also, in a high Ra number, the use of two and five fins does not have much effect on the thermal performance, although it is better than the no-fin PVT.Science and Technology Plan Project of Luzhou City [2024XDY202, 2022-JYJ-129]Funding This work was supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Luzhou City (2024XDY202) and (2022-JYJ-129) .Science Citation Index Expande
Fractional Calculus for Type 2 Interval-Valued Functions
No full textGazi, Kamal Hossain/0000-0001-7179-984X; Chalishajar, Dimplekumar/0000-0002-6146-5544; Salahshour, Soheil/0000-0003-1390-3551; Mondal, Sankar Prasad/0000-0003-4690-2598This paper presents a contemporary introduction of fractional calculus for Type 2 interval-valued functions. Type 2 interval uncertainty involves interval uncertainty with the goal of more assembled perception with reference to impreciseness. In this paper, a Riemann-Liouville fractional-order integral is constructed in Type 2 interval delineated vague encompassment. The exploration of fractional calculus is continued with the manifestation of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives in the cited phenomenon. In addition, Type 2 interval Laplace transformation is proposed in this text. Conclusively, a mathematical model regarding economic lot maintenance is analyzed as a conceivable implementation of this theoretical advancement.Science Citation Index Expande
Brain Drain in Yemeni Universities: Analysis of Hr Management Strategies for Retention and Job Satisfaction
No full textBrain drain is one of the most serious problems that economic development and educational standards in countries like Yemen especially suffer from. The study investigates the link between HR management approaches, labor satisfaction, and their combined impact on Yemen’s economy. The research highlights the importance of a high-skilled labor force in global development and the paradoxical challenges brain drain imposes. The main objective of this project is to study the complicated patterns that lead to brain drain, assess its economic impact on academic establishments and a country as well analyze methods used by HRM- human resources managers; they also help identify other implications derived from job satisfaction including role play. This work reflects on the nuances of organizational efficacies, analyzing how HRM policies influence retention or attrition rates for competent workers. This stage aims to explore the complicated relationship between an individual’s happiness and their overall organizational system. It seeks to delve further into the understanding of how job satisfaction can accentuate or mitigate brain drain. The findings provide evidence of the significant effects of HR management techniques, satisfaction with work, and economic variables on the intentions toward leaving for other countries among academic staff members in Yemeni universities. On the one hand, discriminant validity analyses prove that measuring constructs are distinct from each other whereas R values highlight the predictive relevancy of the structural model. Mediation studies show that satisfaction with pay is a mediator between salary, supervision, and intentions of brain drain. ©The Authors
The Safety and Efficacy of Robotic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy in the Management of Skull Base Tumors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and radiotherapy (SRT) have gained prominence as both adjuvant and primary treatment options for patients with skull base tumors that are either inoperable or present as residual or recurrent lesions post-surgery. The object of the current study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted SRS and SRT across various skull base pathologies. The study was conducted under PRISMA guidelines and involved a comprehensive evaluation of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web-of-Science, and the Cochrane Library. The data collection period was extended up to 30 September. Statistical analyses were executed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Furthermore, Cochran's Q test assessed statistical heterogeneity within the findings. From an initial pool of 1,792 articles, 69 studies were included in the systematic review, with 60 qualifying for meta-analysis, encompassing 3,046 participants. Meta-analysis revealed tumor control rates were significantly enhanced with the use of CyberKnife (95% CI: 0.901-0.928, p < 0.001) and robotic Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) (95% CI: 0.897-0.959, p < 0.001). Meningiomas and schwannomas exhibited higher treatment responsiveness (ES: 0.960 and 0.949, respectively), whereas chordomas displayed lower responsiveness (ES: 0.743). The overall major adverse event rate was between 5.6% and 8.3% (95% CI: 0.056-0.083, p < 0.001). Adverse events exhibited a higher incidence in patients with adenomas (95% CI: 0.122-0.217, p < 0.001), while they were least prevalent in those with schwannomas (95% CI: 0.019-0.041, p < 0.001). Robotic SRS and SRT, employing both gamma-knife and cyber-knife, have demonstrated promising outcomes characterized by high efficacy and safety in managing various skull base tumors.Science Citation Index Expande
Türkiye İlaç Pazarında Ocak 2019 - Haziran 2024 Arası Antihipertansif İlaç Kutusu Satışları: İlaç Grubu ve Sabit Doz Kombinasyon Satışlarının Araştırılması
No full textHipertansiyonun da içinde bulunduğu kronik hastalıkların finansal ve duygusal yükü artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de antihipertansif ilaçların kutu satış eğilimlerini değerlendirmek ve bu eğilimleri antihipertansif ilaç alt grupları arasında karşılaştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada Ocak 2019 ile Haziran 2024 arasındaki kılavuzlarda önerilen antihipertansif ilaç gruplarının perakende ve hastane kutu satışları analiz edildi. Bu çalışmada kullanılan veriler IQVIA’dan elde edildi. Antihipertansif ilaçlar 2019 yılında toplam 176.453.254 kutu satarken, 2023 yılında %15,44 artarak 203.690.099 kutu satıldı. En çok satan ilaç grubu Renin-Anjiyotensin Sistem (RAS) antagonistleridir. RAS antagonistleri içinde en çok satan alt grup Anjiyotensin Reseptör Blokörü-Diüretik sabit doz kombinasyonudur (SDK). RAS antagonistlerinin SDK’ları mono formlarından daha sık kullanılmaktadır ve 2022 ve 2023’te kalsiyum kanal blokörlerinin SDK’ları da kombine formülasyonlarından daha fazla satmaya başlamıştır. RAS antagonistlerinin kalsiyum kanal blokörleri ve diüretiklerle üçlü SDK’ları düzenli olarak artmaktadır. Türkiye’de son yıllarda antihipertansif ilaç pazarında en yüksek paya sahip olan ilaç grupları kılavuzlarda önerilen gruplardır. Üçlü SDK tüketiminin artması hipertansiyonun rasyonel tedavi uygulamaları açısından değerlidir
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) in Wearable and Flexible Sensors: Advancing Healthcare Monitoring
No full textMolecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based wearable and flexible sensors have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in biomedical applications, offering highly selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers for realtime health monitoring as well as continuous tracking of critical health parameters such as glucose, lactate, stress hormones, etc. However, several challenges remain, including ensuring biocompatibility, complex biological environments, sensitivity, reproducibility and complexity of design, cost of production, detection limits, and clinical translation studies. The integration of these sensors into existing healthcare systems poses logistical hurdles such as data management and user acceptance. The materials used in the electronic components must be biocompatible to prevent adverse reactions when in contact with biological tissues or fluids. The prospects for MIP-based sensors are promising, with potential applications expanding into remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, and early disease detection. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current developments surrounding MIP-based wearable and flexible sensors and their biomedical applications. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in sensor technology, including innovations in material science, sensor design, and integration with smart technologies, which have enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of these devices for real-time health monitoring.Science Citation Index Expande
Calcium Chloride/Chitosan-Crosslinked Alginate Microcapsules for Enhanced Parathyroid Cell Transplantation
No full textAllogeneic parathyroid transplantation is the only treatment for hypoparathyroidism characterized by low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). This study aimed to enhance the encapsulation properties of alginate by incorporating chitosan into the gelling solution to produce durable therapeutic microcapsules suitable for transplantation. Alginate microcapsules were prepared individually using a standard and chitosan-containing gelling solution with pH values of 3.25, 4.75, and 5.65. The microcapsules were evaluated regarding capsule durability and microstructure by compression test, FTIR, and SEM. Parathyroid cell-encapsulated microcapsules were examined for two weeks to assess cell viability and PTH secretion. Viability test revealed that pH conditions did not exhibit cytotoxic effects. Moreover, microcapsules maintained their structural integrity and secreted PTH (>1000 pg/mL). Compression test showed a 50% deformation of microcapsules generated by increasing pH conditions and standard methodology upon exposure to forces of 0.266 +/- 0.035 N, 0.272 +/- 0.029 N, 0.316 +/- 0.028 N, and 0.241 +/- 0.035 N, respectively. SEM revealed that chitosan-crosslinked microcapsules exhibited reduced pore sizes and an increase in pore wall thickness. These improvements may potentially extend the lifespan and offer a promising approach to developing more resilient and effective therapeutic microcapsules for clinical applications. These positive findings pave the way for further preclinical studies.Science Citation Index Expande