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Photothermal Applications of Upconversion Nanoparticles
No full textZarrabi, Ali/0000-0003-0391-1769;Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have become a versatile nanoplatform with promising potential in photothermal applications. By efficiently converting near-infrared (NIR) light into heat, UCNPs offer a non-invasive approach to induce hyperthermia in specific target tissues, such as cancer cells, while preserving surrounding healthy cells. The utilization of UCNPs in combination therapies, multifunctional nanosystems, and regenerative medicine applications highlights their versatility and adaptability in addressing complex healthcare challenges. By leveraging the multifunctionality of UCNPs, researchers can develop approaches for disease management, drug delivery, and monitoring, opening the path for more effective and tailored biomedical interventions. However, challenges such as NIR light penetration limitations, biocompatibility considerations, photothermal conversion efficiency optimization, tumor targeting strategies, and clinical translation studies need to be carefully considered and overcome to maximize the efficacy of UCNPs in photothermal applications. We aim to provide an inclusive exploration of the potential applications of UCNPs in photothermal therapy, highlighting their unique properties and versatility in targeted therapeutic interventions. This review explores the photothermal conversion efficiency, tumor-targeting strategies, and future prospects of UCNPs, aiming to highlight the challenges and opportunities in employing these nanoparticles for precise and effective applications in cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and personalized medicine.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK) [121N152]Ali Zarrabi acknowledges funding support from the 2535 - International Bilateral Cooperation Funding Program of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK, Project No. 121N152).Science Citation Index Expande
Mathematical Dynamics of Meningococcal Meningitis: Examining Carrier Diagnosis and Prophylaxis Treatment
No full textMeningococcal meningitis remains a persistent public health challenge with widespread implications. This paper delves into the sometimes-underrated carrier class, comprising approximately 10% of the population, recognized as the primary source of the overall disease transmission. The challenge lies in the complex task of identifying these asymptomatic carriers in real-world scenarios, as they appear healthy, thus diminishing their incentive for treatment. This study underscores the necessity of proactive measures for individuals who have come into contact with a meningitis patient, emphasizing the importance of meningitis testing or CDC-recommended chemoprophylaxis treatment. In this study, we design a dynamic of Meningococcal Meningitis outbreak, incorporating vaccination, undiagnosed carriers and hospitalisation. We compute basic reproduction number using the generalised next-generation matrix approach and the analysis shows that, the model is globally asymptotically stable for both the DFE and Endemic equilibria. Further analysis indicates the possibility of a backward bifurcation for the system when R0<1. The findings of sensitivity analysis suggest that public health campaigns should prioritize increasing awareness about the significance of diagnosis for carriers of meningococcal meningitis and prophylaxis treatment. This measure will have a significant effect and substantially reduce the spread of the disease. Optimal control analysis shows that, the awareness campaign plays a significant role in controlling the spread of the disease in the community. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2025.Taif University, TU; Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud Universit
Evaluation of Eating Attitude, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, and Relationship Between Orthorexia Nervosa in Faculty of Pharmacy Students
No full textThe objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships between eating attitudes, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and orthorexia nervosa (ON) among pharmacy students. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Istanbul University with 332 pharmacy students, using ORTO-11, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40) scales. After excluding outliers, data from 323 participants were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. A significant negative correlation was found between EAT-40 and ORTO-11 scores (r =-0.405; p < 0.001), and MOCI sub-dimensions showed significant correlations with both EAT-40 and ORTO-11. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that orthorexia nervosa significantly predicted eating attitudes, explaining 16.4% of the variance (F(1, 321) = 62.873, p < 0.05), while MOCI sub-dimensions did not significantly improve the model’s predictive power. Female students exhibited higher levels of orthorexia nervosa compared to males, consistent with literature suggesting that women are more prone to eating disorders and health-related anxiety. Students exhibited traits overlapping with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which may contribute to the development of eating disorders. The findings underscore the importance of addressing orthorexia nervosa and related obsessive-compulsive traits to promote healthier eating behaviors among pharmacy students. Educational programs that encourage balanced eating habits without excessive restriction can be developed, and students’ mental health can be supported through psychological counseling and awareness-raising initiatives. These measures may help mitigate the negative impacts of obsessive-compulsive traits and orthorexic tendencies in this population. © 2025, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy. All rights reserved
Microneedle-Assisted Nanomedicine: Emerging Strategies for Transdermal Drug Delivery
No full textTransdermal drug delivery provides a non-invasive and patient-friendly alternative to conventional administration routes, such as injections and oral medications. Among the latest innovations, microneedles have emerged as a promising technology, offering painless and minimally invasive drug delivery through the skin. MNs allow for precise and controlled drug release, improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. Recent advances have focused on integrating nanomaterials-such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymeric carriers-into MN systems to enhance drug penetration, targeting, and release kinetics. This combination can overcome the skin's natural barrier, enabling accurate dosing and improved patient compliance. This review explores the principles and advantages of nanomaterial-based microneedles for transdermal delivery, highlighting their role in improving treatment efficiency and patient outcomes. Additionally, we discuss critical challenges in microneedle development, including fabrication scalability, skin compatibility, and long-term stability. Finally, future directions for clinical translation are examined, underscoring their strong potential in modern therapeutic strategies.Science Citation Index Expande
Can the Right Brain Hemisphere's Rapid Sensory Processing Capability Speed Up the Reaction Time of the Left Hand
No full textScience Citation Index Expande
Improve Urban Sustainability Systems by Increasing Green Areas: a Case Study of Old Rusafa in Baghdad
No full textBağdat'taki yeşil alanlar yetersizdir ve belirlenmiş standartları karşılayamaz. Parçalanmış ve bağlantısız olmaları ihmal, çevresel bozulma ve artan hava kirliliğine yol açar. Bu tez, Bağdat'taki kentsel yeşil alanların rolünü araştırır ve belirli bir alanda termal konforu iyileştirmek için yeşil kapsamı genişletmenin yollarını araştırır. Grasshopper simülasyon programını kullanarak, ortalama sıcaklık, bağıl hava sıcaklığı, nem ve rüzgar hızı gibi faktörler analiz edilecektir. Çalışma, arazi kullanımındaki değişikliklerin kentsel çevreyi, yeşil alanları ve toplumsal refahı nasıl etkilediğini değerlendirmek için nicel ve nitel verilerle sürdürülebilir çözümler kullanır. Araştırma ayrıca, sıcaklık değişimlerinin Bağdat'taki yeşil kentsel alanlar üzerindeki etkisini inceler, gecekondu bölgelerindeki kamusal alanları iyileştirmek ve eksiklikleri gidermek için öneriler sunar. Şehrin yeşil alanları yetersiz planlama ve yönetimden muzdariptir ve bunun sonucunda en az 4.800 hektarlık bir eksiklik yaşanmaktadır. Bunu ele almak için, yeşil alanları kapsamlı bir sistemin parçası olarak dahil etmek üzere planlama aşamasında düzenlemeler ve prosedürler oluşturulması gerekir. İlçe düzeyinde sürdürülebilirlik, park hiyerarşisini korumaya, hasarlı parkları onarmaya ve gölgeli alanlar yaratmak için yolları ve ulaşım merkezlerini kullanmaya odaklanır. Kültürel ve kentsel önemi olan Eski Rusafa için, seçilen alan yeşil alanlar için standartlar benimsemeli ve planlama sürecinde bunları tutarlı bir varlık olarak görmelidir. Yeşil kuşak alanlarını yeniden ağaçlandırma, nehir ve kanal kirliliğini azaltma ve büyük parklardaki ekosistem kalitesini iyileştirme gibi çabalar önemli yeşil alanlar yaratabilir. Yerel olarak sürdürülebilirlik, park sistemlerini korumayı, ihmal edilmiş yeşil alanları restore etmeyi ve gölgeleme için yolları ve ulaşım alanlarını optimize etmeyi içerir. Önerilen strateji, mevcut yeşil alanları canlandırmayı, entegre bir kentsel yeşil altyapı geliştirmeyi ve bozulmuş yeşil kapsamı restore etmeyi vurgular. Yeşil ve hizmet altyapılarını entegre ederek strateji, kapsamlı kentsel yenilemeyi teşvik ederken alanın sürdürülebilir performansını değerlendirir.Green spaces in Baghdad are inadequate and fail to meet established standards. They are fragmented and disconnected, leading to neglect, environmental degradation, and increasing air pollution. This thesis explores the role of urban green spaces in Baghdad and investigates ways to expand green coverage to improve thermal comfort in a specific area. The Grasshopper simulation program will analyze factors such as average temperature, relative air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The study employs sustainable solutions and incorporates both quantitative and qualitative data to assess how changes in land use affect the urban environment, green spaces, and societal well-being. The research also examines the impact of temperature variations on green urban spaces in Baghdad, providing recommendations to improve public spaces in slum areas and address deficiencies. The city's green spaces suffer from inadequate planning and management, resulting in a shortage of at least 4,800 hectares. To tackle this issue, regulations, and procedures need to be established at the planning stage to integrate green spaces as part of a comprehensive system. At the district level, sustainability focuses on maintaining a park hierarchy, rehabilitating damaged parks, and utilizing roads and transport hubs to create shaded areas. For Old Rusafa, with its cultural and urban significance, the selected area should adopt standards for green spaces and consider them a cohesive entity during the planning process. Efforts such as reforesting green belt areas, reducing river and canal pollution, and improving ecosystem quality in major parks can help create substantial green spaces. Locally, sustainability involves preserving park systems, restoring neglected green areas, and optimizing roads and transit spaces for shading. The proposed strategy emphasizes revitalizing existing green spaces, developing an integrated urban green infrastructure, and restoring deteriorated green coverage. Integrating green and service infrastructures, the strategy assesses the area's sustainable performance while promoting comprehensive urban renewal
Özbekistan Müzik Kültüründe Makam Geleneği Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Şeşmakam Örneği
No full textŞark İslam coğrafyasında müzikal olguyu tanımlamak için 'makam' terimi kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, her topluluk bu kavramı kendi kültürel yapısı ve müzik sistemi çerçevesinde farklı şekillerde adlandırmakta ve yorumlamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amaçlarından biri, Özbekistan'daki Buhara Şeşmakam sisteminin temellerini, dönüşümünü ve bugünkü temsilini açıklamaktır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızın amacı farklı kültürleri karşılaştırmak değil; Özbekistan makam geleneğini ele alarak Şeşmakam sisteminin yapısal özelliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Zira Özbek makamları, kendi içinde oldukça geniş ve kapsamlı bir inceleme alanı sunmaktadır. Çalışmamızın birinci bölümü, 'Giriş ve Amaç' başlığı altında yapılandırılmış olup, bu bölümde seçilen konunun literatürdeki yeri ve bu araştırmaya duyulan ihtiyaç açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölüm, 'Şark İslam Coğrafyasında Müziğin Tarihsel Arka Planı' başlığını taşımakta ve makam üzerine derinlemesine çalışmalar yapmış bilim insanlarının hayatlarını ve eserlerini ele almaktadır Üçüncü bölümde, Özbekistan müziğinin tarihsel arka planı, makamat sistemi ve temel özellikleri, Özbek makam bestecileri ve icracıları, ve makam icrasında kullanılan müzik aletleri kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölüm, Buhara Şeşmakam'ının tarihini ve sistemini ele almakta, ayrıca makam dizileri ve parçaları üzerine notasyon ve icra örnekleri sunmaktadır. Son bölümde ise elde edilen bulgular ve araştırma sürecinde ulaşılan sonuçlar tartışılmış; bunlara dayalı öneriler geliştirilmiştir.In Eastern Islamic geography, the term 'makam' is used to describe a musical phenomenon. However, each community names and interprets this concept in different ways within the framework of its own cultural structure and musical system. . One of the main objectives of this research is to explain the foundations, transformation and current representation of the Bukhara Sheshmakam system in Uzbekistan. In this context, the purpose of our study is not to compare different cultures; it is to reveal the structural features of the Sheshmakam system by taking into account the authority tradition of Uzbekistan. Because the Uzbek authorities offer a fairly wide and comprehensive field of investigation in themselves. The first part of our work is structured under the title 'Introduction and Purpose', and in this part, the place of the selected subject in the literature and the need for this research are explained. The second part is entitled 'Historical Background of Music in Eastern Islamic Geography' and covers the lives and works of scholars who have done in-depth studies on the institution. In the third part, the historical background of Uzbek music, the makamat system and its main features, Uzbek makam composers and performers, and the musical instruments used in makam performance are comprehensively examined. The fourth chapter deals with the history and system of the Bukhara Seşmakam, and also provides examples of notation and performance on the series and parts of the makam. In the last part, the findings and the results achieved in the research process are discussed; recommendations based on these have been developed
The Effect of Anaerobic Fatigue on Proprioception in Adolescent Female Basketball Players
No full textInal Gultekin, Guldal/0000-0002-8313-6119;Proproseptif duyudaki eksiklikler yaralanma riskini artırmakta ve sporcunun performansını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Kadın basketbol oyuncularında anaerobik yorgunluğun ve toparlanma sürecinin propriosepsiyon üzerine etkisi üzerinde sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu amaçla adolesan kadın basketbol oyuncularında anaerobik yorgunluğun alt ekstremite propriosepsiyonu üzerine etkisini değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 12–16 yaş aralığında 30 lisanslı kadın basketbol oyuncusu dahil edildi. Katılımcıların demografik bilgilerine takiben, istirahat, yorgunluk ve toparlanma olmak üzere üç durumda kalp atım sayıları, 30° ve 60° aktif ve pasif diz eklemi pozisyon hissi ölçümleri yapıldı. Diz eklemi pozisyon hissi ölçümleri için dominant bacakları değerlendirmeye alındı. Anaerobik yorgunluk için bisiklet ergometresinde Wingate anaerobik test protokolü uygulandı ve hemen sonrasındaki yorgunluk durumu verileri alındı. Toparlanma sonrası verilerin alınması için katılımcılar 10 dakika istirahate alındılar. Katılımcıların elde edilen yorgunluk nabızları ortalama 171,6±4,2 atım/dakika olarak tespit edildi ve karvonen formülüne göre hesaplanan iş yoğunluğu %72,7±2,9 olarak belirlendi. Anaerobik yorgunluk sonrası 30° ve 60° diz fleksiyonu aktif eklem pozisyon hissinde istirahat değelerine göre anlamlı azalma saptandı (p>0,017). Yorgunluk sonrası 10 dakikalık toparlanma ile 30° ve 60° diz fleksiyonu aktif eklem pozisyon hissinde tekrar istirahat seviyelerine dönüş olduğu belirlendi. Diz fleksiyonu 30° ve 60° pasif eklem pozisyon hissinde anaerobik yorgunluk sonrası anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmedi. Sonuç olarak, adolesan kadın basketbolcularında anaerobik yorgunluğun diz propripsepsiyonunu azalttağı saptanmış ve çalışmanın literatürdeki benzer bulgularla örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Bunula birlikte, 10 dakika kadar kısa bir toparlanma süresi ile propriyoseptif duyarlılığın başlangıç seviyelerine geri döndüğü görülmüştür.Deficiencies in proproseption increase risk of injuries and decreases the athletes performance. There are a limited number of studies on the effect of anaerobic fatigue and recovery process on proprioception in female basketball players. For this purpose, the effect of anaerobic fatigue on lower extremity proprioception in adolescent female basketball players was evaluated. Thirty licensed female basketball players (12-16 years of age) were included in this study. Following the demographic information, heart rate, 30° and 60° active and passive knee joint position sense measurements of the dominant legs were made in the 3 conditions: rest, fatigue, recovery. Wingate anaerobic test protocol was applied on a bicycle ergometer for anaerobic fatigue and fatigue data were obtained immediately afterwards. Participants rested for 10 minutes prior to the measurements for the recovery period. Heart rate obtained from participants following anaerobic fatigue were 171.6±4.2 beats/minute, and the work intensity calculated according to the carvonen formula was determined as 72.7±2.9%. After anaerobic fatigue, there was a significant decrease in the active joint position sense of 30° and 60° knee flexion compared to the resting values (p>0,017). It was observed that 30° and 60° knee flexion and active joint position senses returned to resting levels after 10 minutes of recovery following intense anaerobic fatigue. There was no significant difference in knee flexion 30° and 60° passive joint position senses after anaerobic fatigue. In conclusion, it was found that anaerobic fatigue reduced knee propription in adolescent female basketball players, which is consistent with similar findings in the literature. It has also been observed that a full recovery of proprioceptive sensitivity can be achieved with an appropriate recovery time as short as 10 minutes.Purpose: Muscle fatigue is known to alter the proprioceptive system, the central proprioception process, and power generation capacity. This study aims to determine the effect of anaerobic fatigue on lower-extremity proprioception in adolescent female basketball players. Methods: The study included licensed female basketball players (n=30) between the ages of 12 and 16. Their dominant lower extremities were evaluated for knee joint position-sense measurements. Active and passive knee joint position senses were measured with an isokinetic dynamometer at 30 degrees and 60 degrees degrees prior to, immediately after anaerobic fatigue, and finally after 10 minutes of the recovery period. The Wingate Anaerobic Strength Test was used to induce anaerobic fatigue. We documented the knee joint position sense of each participant. Results: Following a 30-second anaerobic fatigue, a significant reduction in the sense of active joint perception at 30 degrees and 60 degrees knee flexion was observed compared to baseline values (p> 0.017). The knee joint's proprioception at 30 degrees and 60 degrees flexion returned to baseline levels after a 10-minute recovery from fatigue. The passive joint perception did not show any statistical changes. Conclusion: Anaerobic fatigue reduces knee proprioception in adolescent female basketball players. Moreover, proprioceptive sensitivity can return to baseline levels with a recovery time of as little as 10 minutes.Emerging Sources Citation Inde
Developed and Characterization of a Novel Cd Doped CeO2 Nanofilm and Application of Methyl Orange Removed by Photodegradation
No full textCerium oxide (CeO2) films doped with cadmium (Cd) were synthesized employing the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique (USP). The structural, surface, and optical properties of the prepared Cd-doped CeO2 films were also investigated. All films were polycrystalline, exhibiting as cubic fluorite structure. In addition, the optical bandgap obtained using the UV data ranged from 3.23 to 3.52 eV. Cd-doped CeO2 films exhibited Raman scattering, in which the multi-peak setting of the first optical longitudinal mode was observed, indicated the Raman shift of the characteristic peak in the ~ 461 cm−1 range. In addition, the photodegradation capacities of Cd-doped CeO2 films were investigated for the removal of pesticides that pollute human and environmental health. As a result, proposed Cd-doped CeO2 thin films show very high (approximate 80%) photocatalytic activity for removing important pollutants, such as methyl orange dyestuff. Consequently, the CeO2 film doped with Cd can be readily reused for five cycles without a notable alteration in photocatalytic activity. © Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2024.Science Citation Index Expande
Advancing Mechanical and Biological Characteristics of Polymer-Ceramic Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Sport Injuries and Bone Tissue Engineering: a Comprehensive Investigation Applying Finite Element Analysis and Artificial Neural Network
No full textIn recent years, the application of polymer-ceramic nanocomposite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering has received considerable attention due to their structural similarity to natural bone tissue. Polycaprolactone (PCL) has emerged as a viable material for the fabrication of porous bone scaffolds. Composites that incorporate PCL with ceramic phases, such as nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), have shown promise in promoting bone formation. Nevertheless, the use of bone scaffolds with complex geometries that mimic human bone poses challenges regarding their mechanical properties, which is the primary focus of this study. To assess the mechanical behavior of triangular nanostructures, particularly their ultimate compressive strength, finite element analysis (FEA) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques were utilized. The obtained results were compared to experimental and analytical data. Three samples with varying weight percentages (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) of HA and TCP nanoparticles embedded in PCL polymer were fabricated using a 3D fused deposition modeling technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted to evaluate the morphology, while apatite formation rate and weight loss in simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution were assessed. The results revealed that a porosity of 76 % increases the apatite formation and dissolution rates by 23 % and 39 %, respectively. The SEM images, in conjunction with the simulated FEA models, indicated that scaffolds containing 0.3 wt% TCP nanoparticles exhibited favorable mechanical and biological properties for bone fracture applications. Additionally, the influence of different weight percentages of TCP and HA on the mechanical properties of the scaffolds was investigated using ANN. A neural network model was developed by incorporating 0.2 of each additive within a range of 0.1-0.3 while evaluating output data including elastic modulus, compressive strength, tensile strength, and Poisson's ratio. The predicted mechanical properties of the porous scaffold were subsequently analyzed and discussed.Science Citation Index Expande