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Foundations of Neuroscience-Based Learning
No full textTraditional learning and teaching approaches such as problem-based or project-based learning, among others, do not explicitly consider emotional-enhanced learning, which is a well-known driver of engagement leading to long-term memory retention. On the other hand, existing brain-based learning methods do not provide structured and scientifically-based strategies for the formation of the learner’s emotional experience and engagement. The Neuroscience-based Learning (NBL) technique is a novel neuroeducational approach that explains and applies the implicit neurophysiological mechanisms underlying vivid and highly-arousal emotional experiences leading to long-term memory retention. The NBL is devised from a cybernetics and system approach perspective. It starts from the basis of the neurophysiological learning scheme, describing the relationships among the environment and the learner’s internal mental processes ranging from perceptions, comparison with previous experiences and memories, immediate sensations, reactions, emotions, desires, intentions, higher-order cognitive functions, and controlled actions to the environment. The scheme relates memory systems, non-associative and associative learning mechanisms, implicit and explicit learning subsystems, signaling chemicals, and their neural subsystems, as well as identifying the amygdala as a key sensor triggering and modulating implicit learning. The NBL method exposes the triggers for vivid and highly arousal emotional learning: novelty, unpredictability, sense of low control, threat to the ego, avoidance (aversion-mediated learning), and reward (reward-based learning) and devises the principles of NBL toward more didactic applications. The foundations for implementing NBL in education and recommendations for learning during the online and pandemic situations were proposed. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
An Adaptive Admittance Controller for Collaborative Drilling With a Robot Based on Subtask Classification Via Deep Learning
No full textIn this paper, we propose a supervised learning approach based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for real-time classification of subtasks in a physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) task involving contact with a stiff environment. In this regard, we consider three subtasks for a given pHRI task: Idle, Driving, and Contact. Based on this classification, the parameters of an admittance controller that regulates the interaction between human and robot are adjusted adaptively in real time to make the robot more transparent to the operator (i.e. less resistant) during the Driving phase and more stable during the Contact phase. The Idle phase is primarily used to detect the initiation of task. Experimental results have shown that the ANN model can learn to detect the subtasks under different admittance controller conditions with an accuracy of 98% for 12 participants. Finally, we show that the admittance adaptation based on the proposed subtask classifier leads to 20% lower human effort (i.e. higher transparency) in the Driving phase and 25% lower oscillation amplitude (i.e. higher stability) during drilling in the Contact phase compared to an admittance controller with fixed parameters
A Post-Structuralist Approach To Security: an Analysis of Nato 2022 Strategic Concept
No full textOne of the theoretical formations of post-positivist thought in International Relations is post-structuralism which became part of the literature in the 1980s. Post-structuralism claims a different position from the traditional realist and idealist perspectives in the field of security studies by offering the connection between national identity and security politics and the discursive character of the concept of security. Accordingly, the practices of security construct the national “self” by indicating the difference between itself and the “other”. In that sense, policy discourses are considered inherently social since the policy-making elite address the wider public sphere to institutionalize their understanding of the identities and policy options. Therefore, in order to understand the foreign and security policies of the actors involved in International Relations, the examination of the speeches and statements of policy makers, politicians or bureaucrats, the documents written by the institutions involved in foreign policy making has been an increasingly used as a method. In this context, official speeches, statements, parliamentary debates, diplomatic correspondence, interviews, newspapers, photographs and videos can be used in discourse analysis studies. The aim of this paper is to understand and situate NATO’s discourse within the framework of its recent Strategic Concept of 2022. In this framework, after the elaboration of concept of discourse and discourse analysis, the construction and hierarchical positioning of different actors in the text will be analyzed by asking “how” questions. In that sense, Roxanne Lynn Doty’s concepts of “presupposition”, “predication” and “subject positioning” will be used as analytical categories to provide a textual framework. The representational practices through which meaning are generated is crucial in this study. Accordingly, the discursive identities produced by NATO will be examined in order to understand the attachments to various social objects and subjects in international environment
Identification of the Viscoelastic Properties of Soft Materials Using a Convenient Dynamic Indentation System and Procedure
No full textThe responses of soft structures such as tissue depend on their viscoelastic properties. Therefore, the knowledge of the elastic and damping properties of soft materials is of great interest. This paper presents the identification of the viscoelastic properties of soft materials using a convenient dynamic indentation system and procedure. Using an electromagnet, a force is applied to a rigid sphere located at the soft-material interface and the dynamic response of the sphere is recorded using a high-speed camera. The recorded video is processed to identify the displacement of the sphere as a function of time. The dynamic response of the sphere located at the soft-material interface is predicted using an analytical model that considers the shear modulus and density of the soft sample, the radiation damping due to shear waves, and the radius and density of the sphere. By matching the measured and predicted steady-state displacements of the sphere, the shear modulus of the soft sample is determined. The viscous damping ratio of the soft sample is identified by using an equivalent viscous damping ratio for the soft sample in the analytical model and matching the measured and predicted oscillation amplitudes of the sphere. Experiments and analyzes are performed using gelation phantoms with different mechanical properties, spheres of different materials and sizes, and different force levels to verify the system and procedure. Three experiments are performed for each gelation phantom, sphere, and external force, and the repeatability of the results is presented. The results show that the dynamic indentation system and procedure presented in this study can be conveniently used to determine the viscoelastic properties of soft materials in practical applications
The Neural Correlates of the Effect of Belief in Free Will on Third-Party Punishment: an Optical Brain Imaging (fnirs) Study
No full textThird party punishment (TPP), or altruistic punishment, is specifically human prosocial behavior. TPP denotes the administration of a sanction to a transgressor by an individual that is not affected by the transgression. In some evolutionary accounts, TPP is considered crucial for the stability of cooperation and solidarity in larger groups formed by genetically unrelated individuals. Belief in free will (BFW), on the other hand, is the idea that humans have control over their behavior. BFW is a human universal notion that, in some studies, has been found to be supportive of prosocial behavior. In our study, we examined the effect of BFW on TPP under high and low affect scenarios through optical brain imaging (fNIRS). We hypothesized that in low affect cases, there would be a positive correlation between the strength of the BFW and the severity of the punishment inflicted. Obtained results and related statistical analyses indicate that participants with higher degree of BFW have more neural activation in their right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (hbo and hbt measures) in high affect scenarios, whereas the participants with lower degree of BFW have higher levels of neural activation in the medial PFC (hbo and hbt measures) in low affect scenarios. These empirical findings are in line with the research findings in the relevant academic literature and support the hypothesis that the degree of BFW influences punishment decisions
Türkiye'de Bütüncül Su Kaynakları Yönetimi: Konya-çumra-karapınar Alt Havzası Örneği
No full textIn the 21st century, the importance of water resources continues to increase. With the deterioration of the quality of water resources and the decrease in water quantity due to global warming, which expands its severity on a global scale as well as within the geography where Turkey is located, problems have begun to be experienced in vital sectors such as water, energy, food. In this context, Integrated Water Resources Management approach has emerged to tackle with these water resources-related problems. Konya Closed Basin and Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Sub-Basin are among the basins where grain and sugar beet production are most intense in Turkey. Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Sub-Basin is a closed basin where the surface water resources are limited, thus, groundwater resources are used intensively to meet the water needs, especially in agriculture, industry and animal husbandry. In this Master's thesis, Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Sub-Basin is presented with its physical, social and economic characteristics. Moreover, the implementation of the Integrated Water Resources Management approach in this sub-basin, is thoroughly analyzed in the thesis. The methodologies adopted in the thesis include qualitative methods such as interviews conducted with experts and the raw data obtained from the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works and the General Directorate of Meteorology, and the processing of these data. The official reports prepared for the sub-basin and the statistical data can also be counted in the primary sources. The secondary sources such as journal articles, books and the Internet material are obtained through literature review. This master's thesis seeks an answer to the following main research question: If or how the Integrated Water Resources Management approach is actually implemented in Turkey, and particularly in the Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Sub-Basin.21. Yüzyılda su kaynaklarının önemi artarak devam etmektedir. Küresel çapta şiddetini artıran ve Türkiye'nin de bulunduğu coğrafyayı etkisi altına alan küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak su kaynaklarının niteliğinin bozulması ve niceliğinin azalmasıyla su, enerji, gıda gibi yaşamsal öneme haiz sektörlerde sorunlar yaşanmaya başlamıştır. Yaşanan bu gelişmelerle birlikte su kaynaklarının bütüncül olarak yönetimi yaklaşımı bu sorunlarla mücadele etmek için ortaya çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde tahıl ve şeker pancarı üretiminin en yoğun yapıldığı havzalar arasında Konya Kapalı Havzası ve bu havzanın içerisinde yer alan Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Alt Havzası gelmektedir. Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Alt Havzası'nın coğrafi özelliklerinden dolayı kapalı bir havza olması ve yüzey sularının sınırlı olması nedeniyle başta tarım, endüstri ve hayvancılık alanlarında su ihtiyacını karşılamak için yeraltı su kaynakları yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu yüksek lisans tezinde Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Alt Havzası fiziksel, sosyal ve ekonomik yönleriyle tasvir edilmekte; bu alt havzada uygulanması hedeflenen Bütüncül Su Kaynakları yaklaşımı analiz edilmektedir. Tezin hazırlanmasında başvurulan inceleme yöntemleri: birebir görüşme yoluyla yapılan mülakatlar, Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü ve Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü'nden temin edilen ham veriler ve bu verilerin işlenmesi, alt havzaya yönelik hazırlanmış raporlar ve istatistik verilerin incelenmesini içermektedir. İkinci grupta kullanılan kaynaklar ise, literatür taraması neticesinde elde edilen makale, kitap eserleri ve Internet kapsamındaki bilgi kaynaklarıdır. Bu yüksek lisans tezi Türkiye'de Bütüncül Su Kaynakları Yönetimi yaklaşımının gerçekte ne kadar uygulanıp, uygulanmadığı sorusuna Konya-Çumra-Karapınar Alt Havzası özelinde yanıt aramaktadır
Digital occupational health and safety
No full textManaging the Digital Workplace in the Post-Pandemic provides a cutting-edge survey of digital organizational behaviour in the post-pandemic workplace, drawing from an international range of expertise. It introduces and guides students and practitioners through the current best practices, laboratory methods, policies and protocols in use during these times of rapid change to workplace practices. This book is essential reading for students, researchers and practitioners in business and management.
The book draws on global expertise from its contributors while being suitable for class and educational use, with each chapter including further reading, chapter summaries and exercises. Tutors are supported with a set of instructor materials that include PowerPoint slides, a test bank and an instructor's manual
A Benchmark Dataset for Turkish Data-To Generation
No full textIn the last decades, data-to-text (D2T) systems that directly learn from data have gained a lot of attention in natural language generation. These systems need data with high quality and large volume, but unfortunately some natural languages suffer from the lack of readily available generation datasets. This article describes our efforts to create a new Turkish dataset (Tr-D2T) that consists of meaning representation and reference sentence pairs without fine-grained word alignments. We utilize Turkish web resources and existing datasets in other languages for producing meaning representations and collect reference sentences by crowdsourcing native speakers. We particularly focus on the generation of single-sentence biographies and dining venue descriptions. In order to motivate future Turkish D2T studies, we present detailed benchmarking results of different sequence-to-sequence neural models trained on this dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind that provides preliminary findings and lessons learned from the creation of a new Turkish D2T dataset. Moreover, our work is the first extensive study that presents generation performances of transformer and recurrent neural network models from meaning representations in this morphologically-rich language
System-On Based Driver Drowsiness Detection and Warning System
No full textThe aim of this project is to detect the drowsiness level of the driver in the vehicle, to warn the driver and to prevent possible accidents. Percentage Eye Closure (PERCLOS) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are used to detect drowsiness. The system is implemented on Xilinx PYNQ-Z2 development board. The system is tested under real world conditions in real time. A high accuracy rate of 92% and a fast working system with 0.8 s is achieved. A speaker is activated to warn the driver when drowsiness is detected. Moreover, the drowsiness information is sent to the cloud by using a Wi-Fi module