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Türk Hukukunda İnternet Ortamında Mal Satışına Yönelik Sözleşmelerde Cayma Hakkının Kullanılması
No full textThe right of withdrawal, which allows the consumer to unconditionally be freed from the transaction, is stipulated in the Law No. 6502 on the Protection of Consumers far various consumer transactions and is an important opportunity far the consumer. The existence ofthe right of withdrawal encourages the consumer to make transactions more easily, especially on the internet. Distance contracts established over the internet, the importance of which was better understood during the Covid-19 pandemic, have now become a part of modern life. Online marketplaces referred to as platforms are mediums where such contracts are frequently and easily established by the consumers. in this context, the protection of the consumer who is a party to a sale of movable goods over the internet is realized within the scope of Article 48 of the Law no. 6502 and the Regulation on Distance Contracts issued on the basis thereof. Significant amendments have recently been made in the said legislation and some of them are related to the use of the right of withdrawal. in this study, the right of withdrawal, which we see as the most important tool for the protection of the consumer after the conclusion of the contract, and the recent changes in the legislation regarding the exercise ofthis right will be discussed.Tüketiciye kayıtsız ve şartsız olarak yapmış olduğu işlemden kurtulma imkanı sağlayan cayma hakkı 6502 sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun'da çeşitli tüketici işlemleri için öngörülmüştür ve tüketici açısından önemli bir imkandır. Cayma hakkının varlığı özellikle internet ortamında tüketiciyi daha rahat işlem yapmaya sevk eder. Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında önemi daha da iyi anlaşılan İnternet üzerinden kurulan mesafeli sözleşmeler artık modern hayatın bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu tür sözleşmelerin sıklıkla kurulduğu ve platform olarak tabir edilen çevrimiçi pazar yerleri tüketicinin çok kolaylıkla alışveriş yapmaya yönlendirildiği mecralardır. Bu bağlamda İnternet üzerinden bir taşınır satışına taraf olan tüketicinin korunması TKHK md.48 ile buna dayanarak çıkartılan Mesafeli Sözleşmeler Yönetmeliği kapsamında gerçekleşir. Söz konusu mevzuatta yakın zamanda önemli değişiklikler yapılmıştır ve bunların bir kısmı cayma hakkının kullanımına ilişkindir. Bu çalışmada, sözleşme kurulduktan sonra tüketicinin korunması yönündeki en önemli araç olarak gördüğümüz cayma hakkı ve bu hakkın kullanılmasına ilişkin mevzuatta gerçekleşen son değişiklikler ele alınacaktır
Preservice Teachers' Understandings of Division and Ratios in Forming Proportional Relationships
No full textThis study aimed at investigating how preservice teachers' understandings of division and reasoning about ratios support and constrain their formation of proportional relationships in terms of quantities. Six preservice teachers from a middle-grade preparation program in the USA were selected purposefully based on their mathematics performance in a previous course. An explanatory case study with multiple cases was used to make comparisons within and across cases. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with each pair. The results revealed that preservice teachers who did not explicitly identify different meanings for division struggled to differentiate between the two perspectives on ratios. The results also showed that those teachers had difficulty forming proportional relationships while solving the proportion tasks. These results suggest that explicit identification of the meanings for both types of division is critical to keeping the two perspectives on ratios separate, which is a key aspect for a robust understanding of proportional relationships
Base Station-Assisted Cooperative Network Coding for Cellular Systems With Link Constraints
No full textWe consider a novel distributed data storage/caching scenario in a cellular network, where multiple nodes may fail/depart simultaneously To meet reliability, we allow cooperative regeneration of lost nodes with the help of base stations allocated in a set of hierarchical layers1. Due to this layered structure, a symbol download from each base station has a different cost, while the link capacities between the nodes of the cellular system and the base stations are also constrained. Under such a setting, we formulate the fundamental trade-off with closed form expressions between repair bandwidth cost and the storage space per node. Particularly, the minimum storage as well as bandwidth cost points are formulated. Finally, we provide an explicit optimal code construction for the minimum storage regeneration point for a special set of system parameters.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [119E235]This work is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant number 119E235
LDPC kodlarında artık veri kullanımı
No full textIn distributed storage systems/coded caching systems, padding operations should be performed when the encoded data cannot be divided by the number of storage nodes evenly. Thus, extra zero values are stored in one of the nodes to balance each node's storage content. In this study, distribution of data to storage nodes with no padding was investigated for distributed caching context in which a base station and devices both store the coded data. In other words, no redundancy (no-padding) is included into the encoded data. This approach is named as residual data distribution. LDPC codes are selected as the erasure code due to their low complexity encode/decode operations. Moreover, performance comparisons were conducted between using traditional data distribution approach (with padding) and using residual data (use of no-padding) (standard) in terms of repair time. In our work, the effect of no-padding data usage on the repair time and the ratios of storage savings have been also demonstrated
Preservice Teachers' Math Teaching Anxiety in an Online Laboratory School
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine preservice teachers’ math teaching anxiety, to explore the relationships between math teaching anxiety and several variables, and to understand how preservice teachers’ math teaching anxiety changed during eight-weeks of the Online Laboratory School (OLS) within a university. We administered the Math Teaching Anxiety scale with 14 items to 43 preservice teachers by adapting Hadley and Dorward’s (2011) scale. The results revealed that on average, preservice teachers had math teaching anxiety from “a little” to “a moderate amount” degree before the OLS and their math teaching anxiety did not significantly change during the OLS. Moreover, math teaching anxiety was only significantly correlated with the number of methods courses completed so far
Türkiye ve Suriye Vatandaşı Çocukların Dışlamaya Yönelik Yargıları ve Sosyal Kapsayıcılığı Artırma Pilot Çalışmasının Çocuklarda Ön Yargıya Etkisi
No full textResearch on inclusion and social exclusion shows that lack of social acceptance and being subject to discrimination have a significant effect on individual's current and future well-being (Fisher, Wallace, ; Fenton, 2000; Parker ; Asher, 1987; Reijntjes et al., 2010; Twenge ; Baumeister, 2005). Along with the Syrian war and intense migration movement, Turkey becomes one of the largest hosts of refugees which caused an increase in the research on migration- and ethnicity-based inclusivity studies. These researches show that coexisting under certain circumstances (Pettigrew, 1998) or indirect contact (Cameron et al., 2011; Killen ; Malti, 2015) reduces prejudice against members of different groups. This study examines nine to twelve-year-old Turkish and Syrian children's (N= 38) prejudices toward others; a group of these children (N= 8) took part in a 10-hour group work, pilot intervention plan. The effects of this group work on children's reasoning and racial attitudes are examined at the end of the group work. The prejudice of the experiment group decreased while the control group's racial attitudes stayed the same. Most participants stated that exclusion is wrong concerning universal moral principles.Kapsayıcılık ve sosyal dışlanma alanında yapılan pek çok araştırmaya göre sosyal olarak kabul edilmenin ya da ayrımcılığa maruz kalmanın kişinin şimdiki ve gelecekteki iyilik hali üzerinde önemli bir etkisi vardır (Fisher, Wallace ve Fenton, 2000; Parker ve Asher, 1987; Reijntjes ve diğer., 2010; Twenge ve Baumeister, 2005). Göç hareketlerindeki artış ile birlikte Türkiye'nin en çok mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan ülkelerden biri olması göç ve etnisite temelli kapsayıcılık çalışmalarını artırmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalarda farklı gruplara ait kişilerin belirli şartlar altında bir araya gelmelerinin (Pettigrew, 1998) ya da dolaylı temas etmelerinin (Cameron ve diğer., 2011; Killen ve Malti, 2015) ön yargıyı azaltıcı bir rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Bu amaçla, ilgili çalışmada Türkiye ve Suriye vatandaşı 9-12 yaş grubundaki çocukların (N = 38) ötekine karşı olan ön yargıları ve ötekini dışlamaya yönelik değerlendirmeleri araştırılmış, daha sonra bu çocuklardan bazıları (N = 8) bir araya getirilerek ön yargıyı azaltmaya yönelik 10 oturumluk bir grup çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu grup çalışmasının sonunda tarafların "ötekine" karşı ırksal tutumu ve çalışmanın dışlama gerekçelendirmeleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Deney grubunun ön yargı düzeyinde düşüş görülürken kontrol grubunun tutumu aynı kalmıştır. Katılımcıların çoğu, evrensel ahlaki ilkelere dayanarak dışlamanın yanlış olduğunu ifade etmiştir
Kripto Varlıklar Üzerinde Rehin Hakkı Kurulabilir Mi?
No full textBlokzincir üzerinde var olan dijital unsurlar olarak görülebilecek kripto varlıklar farklı alt türlere ayrılmakta ve kimi zaman yüksek ekonomik değerleri haiz olabilmektedirler. Bu varlıkların hukuki bakış açısıyla nitelendirilmesi, onlarla yapılabilecek işlemler düşünüldüğünde önem arz eder. İlgili bağlamda kripto varlık denilince karşımıza tekil ve homojen bir yapı çıkmayacağından çeşitli ayrımlar yapılarak sonuçlara ulaşılmalıdır. Diğer taraftan rehin hakkı, eşya hukukundaki klasik ayni teminat haklarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkar. Belirli bir hak veya eşya üzerinde kurulan bu hak, belirli bir (asıl) alacağı teminat altına alır ve hak sahibine, bu (asıl) alacak karşılanmadığı vakit ilgili hak veya eşyayı paraya çevirerek teminat altına alınan alacağın karşılanması yetkisini bahşeder. İşbu çalışmamızın amacı, farklı kripto varlık türleri üzerinde rehin hakkı kurulabilmesinin mümkün olabilip olmadığı sorusunun cevabını bulmaya odaklanmaktadır
Liking Prediction Using fNIRS and Machine Learning: Comparison of Feature Extraction Methods
No full textThe fMRI method, which is generally used to detect behavioral patterns, draws attention with its expensive and impractical features. On the other hand, near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) method is less expensive and portable, but it is as effective as fMRI in creating a good prediction model. With this method, a model has been developed that can predict whether people like a stimulus or not, using machine learning various algorithms. A comparison was made between feature extraction methods, which was the main focus while developing the model
Moral Expansiveness Around the World: the Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries
No full textWhat are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our ‘moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness—that is, the size of people’s moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles