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Kamu Görevlilerinin Hesap Verebilirliği Önündeki Yasal ve Fiili Engeller: Güncel Cezasızlık Rejimi
No full textBu çalışma Türkiye Barolar Birliği İnsan Hakları Merkezi ve Arjantin Cumhuriyeti Ankara Büyükelçiliği tarafından 12-13 Aralık 2023'te düzenlenen Cezasızlık Sempozyumu'nda sunulmuş ve bildirinin tam metni Nisan 2025'te Sempozyumun Bildiriler Kitabında yayınlanmıştır. Bildirinin konusu, Türkiye'de kamu görevlilerinin hesap verebilirliği önünde mevcut olan yasal ve fiili engelleri ve sınırları incelemektir
Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi İçtihatları Işığında Dolaylı Mağdur Kavramı
No full textThe main purpose of human rights courts is to protect human rights and human dignity and to secure sanctions for violations. One of these courts is the European Court of Human Rights arising from the European Convention on Human Rights and its Additional Protocols, to which Turkey is a party. Applications are made to the ECHR through individual application on the grounds of alleged violations caused by the state party. There are admissibility criteria for individual applications. These criteria are examined by the Court as a priority. However, the Court may evaluate whether the applicant has the title of victim before the merits or together with the merits. The ECtHR evaluates the concept of victim on the basis of the concrete case, independent of the domestic law of the state party and open to development and change. The victim may be the person directly affected by the violation, as well as an indirect or potential victim. The Court evaluates the conditions of the application and decides whether it is admissible in terms of person. At this point, the concept of indirect victim and who can apply in this capacity gains importance for the protection of human rights and human dignity. The Court decides on the concept of indirect victim by evaluating the applications in terms of their conditions and establishes a jurisprudence with these decisions. In this study, we will examine the concept of indirect victim in the light of these decisions. In this study, firstly, the concept and protection of human rights will be explained. Secondly, the criteria for application to the European Court of Human Rights, the concept of victim and especially the concept of indirect victim will be mentioned. Thirdly, the concept of indirect victim will be analyzed in the light of the decisions of the ECHR. In the conclusion part, a summary of the subject and our evaluation will be given. Keywords: European Court of Human Rights, Individual Application, Admissibility, Victim, Indirect Victim Numeric Code of the Field : 50201İnsan hakları mahkemelerinin temel amacı insan haklarını ve insan onurunu korumak ve ihlallere dair yaptırımlar ile güvence altına almaktır. Bu mahkemelerden biri de ülkemizin de taraf olduğu Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ve Ek Protokolleri'den kaynaklanan Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi'dir. AİHM'e bireysel başvuru yolu ile taraf devletin sebep olduğu ihlal iddiaları nedeni ile başvuru yapılmaktadır. Bireysel başvuru için öngörülen kabul edilebilirlik kriterleri bulunmaktadır. Bu kriterler Mahkemece öncelikli olarak incelenmektedir. Ancak özellikle başvurucunun mağdur sıfatına sahip olup olmadığını esastan önce değerlendirebildiği gibi esasla birlikte değerlendirebilmektedir. AİHM mağdur kavramını, taraf devletin iç hukukundan bağımsız, gelişime ve değişime açık olarak somut olay üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Mağdur, doğrudan ihlalden etkilenen kişi olabileceği gibi dolaylı ya da potansiyel mağdur da olması söz konusu olmaktadır. Mahkeme, başvuru koşullarında değerlendirme yaparak kişi bakımından kabul edilebilir olup olmadığına karar vermektedir. Bu noktada dolaylı mağdur kavramı ve kimlerin bu sıfat ile başvuru yapabileceği insan haklarının ve insan onurunun korunması için önem kazanmaktadır. Mahkeme, başvuruları koşulları özelinde değerlendirerek dolaylı mağdur kavramı hakkında karar vermekte ve bu kararlar ile bir içtihat oluşturmaktadır. Biz de bu çalışmamız da bu kararlar ışığında dolaylı mağdur kavramını inceleyeceğiz. Bu çalışmada ise, ilk olarak insan hakları kavramı ve korunması hakkında bilgi verilecektir. İkinci olarak Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi'ne başvuru kriterlerinden, mağdur ve özellikle dolaylı mağdur kavramından bahsedilecektir. Üçüncü olarak, AİHM'nin vermiş olduğu kararlar ışığında dolaylı mağdur kavramı incelenecektir. Sonuç kısmında ise, konunun özeti ve değerlendirmemiz yer alacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, Bireysel Başvuru, Kabul edilebilirlik, Mağdur, Dolaylı Mağdur Bilim Dalı Sayısal Kodu: 5020
The Moderation Role of Supervisor Support in the Interaction of Illegitimate Task, Emotional Exhaustion, and Self-Undermining: a Job-Demand Resources Approach
No full textThe study aims to reveal both the direct and indirect association between Illegitimate Tasks and Self-Undermining behavior through Emotional Exhaustion, with a focus on the moderating role of Supervisor support. It also seeks to highlight the conditions under which Supervisor support provides positive organizational outcomes. A survey was applied to 978 white-collar participants working in SMEs in Turkey. The Job-Demand Resources framework served as the theoretical basis for the research. Results indicated that Illegitimate Tasks are associated with self-undermining, with emotional exhaustion partially mediating this relationship. Supervisor support was found to have a negative relationship with emotional exhaustion and self-undermining; however, its moderating role was positive rather than negative. Supervisor support increased the effect of illegitimate tasks on emotional exhaustion and self-undermining, contradicting the expected buffering effect. The study contributes to the literature by offering evidence on when supervisor support becomes dysfunctional for organizations
IFLA Seçimleri yol haritası
No full textMEF Üniversitesi Kütüphane Direktörü Ertuğrul Çimen, 09.01.2025 tarihinde gerçekleşen "IFLA Seçimleri Yol Haritası" başlıklı webinar'da konuşmacı olarak yer aldı
Dialogue Enhancement using Variational Autoencoders
No full textBu makalede, kaynak ayrıştırma algoritmalarından faydalanarak birden fazla kaynaktan oluşan ses kayıtlarında konuşma işaretlerini güçlendirmek amacıyla bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Konuşma sesleri ve diğer sesler arasındaki doğru dengeyi sağlamak, dinleyici şikayetleri arasında sıkça dile getirilen önemli bir sorun olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, diyalog içeren ses kayıtlarından diyalogların ayrıştırılmasında negatif olmayan gürültü giderici oto kodlayıcı modelleri kullanılmakta ve bu diyaloglar, diğer seslerle farklı oranlarda yeniden birleştirerek, kullanıcı tercihlerine uygun bir dinleme deneyimi sunulmaktadır. Önerilen yöntem, akan veri üzerinde çalışabilme özelliğine sahip olup, televizyon programları gibi gerçek zamanlı uygulamalara da uyarlanabilmektedir.The paper proposes a method to enhance speech signals in audio recordings consisting of multiple sources by using source separation algorithms. Achieving the right balance between seç sounds and other sounds is a frequently mentioned issue among listener complaints. In this study, non-negative denoising variational autoencoder models are used to separate dialogues from audio recordings containing dialogues, and these dialogues are remixed with other sounds at different rates to provide a listening experience that suits the user's preferences. The proposed method has the ability to work on streaming data and can also be adapted to real-time applications such as television programs
A Preliminary Study on the Role of Personal History of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases on Self-Reported Health Across Countries
No full textLacko, David/0000-0002-2904-8118; Prazeres, Filipe/0000-0002-2849-5194; Landa-Blanco, Miguel/0000-0002-7865-7593; Aguilar, Leonardo/0000-0001-9516-0557; Varella, Marco/0000-0002-7274-7360; Mesko, Norbert/0000-0002-4355-9563; Volkodav, Tatiana/0000-0003-3129-3638; Chubinidze, Dimitri/0000-0003-3253-8991; Lidborg, Linda H/0000-0001-9667-9326Objectives: Infectious diseases are often associated with decline in quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between personal history of communicable, i.e., infectious and parasitic diseases and self-rated health. Study design: Secondary analysis of a large dataset multi-country observational study. Methods: We used a four-pronged analysis approach to investigate whether personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases is related to self-reported health, measured with a single item. Results: Three of the four analyses found a small positive effect on self-reported health among those reporting a history of pathogen exposure. The meta-analysis found no support but large heterogeneity that was not reduced by two classifications of countries. Conclusion: Personal history of infectious and parasitic diseases does not reduce self-reported health across a global sample.Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) START scholarshipThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Marta Kowal was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) START scholarship
High School and University Students' Reasoning About Decision-Making Autonomy and Parental Authority Legitimacy in Child–Mother Conflicts
No full textThis study investigated youths' reasoning about personal autonomy and maternal authority in hypothetical emerging adult child–mother conflicts in Türkiye. High school and university students (N = 138, Mage = 19.72 years) from secular and religious schools completed a self-report questionnaire including eight conflict scenarios where the mother opposes her child's decision to marry a non-Muslim or get a tattoo. Maternal opposition in hypothetical scenarios was presented in the forms of maternal advice and maternal use of haram opposition. Haram opposition implies the declaration of maternal accrued rights (a concept deeply rooted in Turkish culture) as haram. The results showed that participants were more likely to subordinate child autonomy to maternal authority when the mother in hypothetical scenarios was depicted as using haram opposition. Authoritative parenting appeared to strengthen this effect. This study has shown that haram opposition is a psychological control mechanism to subordinate child autonomy to maternal authority. © 2025 British Psychological Society
Women Entrepreneurs and Well-Being
No full textThe gender roles forced by societal expectations make entrepreneurship more challenging for women than men. Women entrepreneurs play a critical role in their nations' economies – especially in developing nations. However, the duality of their responsibilities (i.e., work and house domain) can restrain them from prospering in what they do and adversely affect their well-being. Previous studies reveal that, in addition to work-life conflict, factors such as social support, psychological capital, or autonomy impact women entrepreneurs' well-being. Recent research investigated how entrepreneurship serves women at the pyramid's base and framed a model of their well-being. They interviewed women in rural India who engaged in an entrepreneurship program. The findings showed that while some women flourished, others languished after becoming an entrepreneur. © Jean Helms Mills, Albert J. Mills, Kristin S. Williams and Regine Bendl 2025