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What Is the Effective Resolution of the Retinal Image of a Distant Face?
No full textWe consider the following question: What is the effective resolution of a face image projected on the retina, when the face is at a specified distance from the eye? Though simple to state, this is a surprisingly challenging issue to resolve. The mapping between viewing distance and effective resolution cannot be readily derived based on the contrast sensitivity, Snellen acuity, or even the packing density of photoreceptors in the fovea. With initial guidelines derived from theoretical considerations, images of varying resolution were presented across a range of viewing distances. For each distance, participants were required to perform an ‘odd one out’ task. This involved detecting the one that was different from the rest in a 2x2 grid, with image resolution being the only dimension of variation. As the experiment progressed, the viewing distance decreased monotonically, and participants were able to detect increasingly subtle resolution differences between the three standard images and the outlier. The collected data have allowed us to establish the upper/lower bounds on the effective available resolution for typical human vision as a function of viewing distance. Interestingly, we find that humans perform significantly better, particularly at short ranges, than what a theoretical model predicts based on projected image size, cone density, and foveal extent. Accordingly, we suggest that the non-uniform in-fovea density, as well as less sharp fall-off in the acuity density function outside the fovea, need to be integrated into future theoretical models to translate viewing distance to perceived image characteristics. A pragmatic benefit of the distance : effective-resolution> mapping is that it enables a direct comparison of human face recognition performance as assessed across blur and viewing distance. Additionally, it allows us to systematically compare human performance on face recognition at varying distances with that of machine vision systems using the common axis of resolution
Evaluation of Learning Management Systems Using Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy-Z Numbers
No full textThe use of online education tools has increased rapidly with the transition to distance education caused by the pandemic. The obligation to carry out all activities of face-to-face education online made it very important for the tools used in distance education to meet the increasing needs. In line with these needs, radical changes have occurred in the learning management systems used in distance education. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to determine the features that the systems used in distance education should have and to compare the existing systems according to these features. For this purpose, a novel fuzzy extension, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy Z-numbers, is defined for modeling uncertainty, and AHP and WASPAS methods using proposed fuzzy numbers are developed to determine the importance of decision criteria and compare alternatives
Spine Posture Detection for Office Workers With Hybrid Machine Learning
No full textThis study aims to detect bad spine posture using an al-ternative approach that doesn't rely on deep learning or excessive energy. The goal is to improve accuracy and effectiveness without disrupting workflow. A custom dataset was created, numerical inferences were made from posture values, and a hybrid approach using Light Gradient Boosting achieved a 96 % success rate
Comparative Study of 5 Countries on How Libraries Contribute To Sdgs
No full textLibraries are essential societal stakeholders that can contribute to the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. As centers of information, libraries can play a critical role in the dissemination of research and knowledge. As a key resource, libraries are always at the forefront of education and awareness creation. This poster studies the involvement of academic libraries with sustainable development in different countries and explores the factors affecting the extend of this involvement. For this study, five countries namely Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Greece, North Macedonia, and Türkiye were selected and academic libraries in these countries are invited to fill a survey. These countries were chosen because of their geographical proximity, similar socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, and corresponding librarianship approaches. In addition, the fact that there is no story from any of these countries in the SDGs section of the IFLA Library Map of the World has been decisive in the country selection. North Macedonia was left out of the analysis due to no response. Low response rate from other four countries reminds a further need for using tools other than survey to expend the analysis. Despite the low response rate, results are highlighting rising awareness among academic libraries and librarians
A Novel Graph Transformation Strategy for Optimizing Sptrsv on Cpus
No full textSparse triangular solve (SpTRSV) is an extensively studied computational kernel. An important obstacle in parallel SpTRSV implementations is that in some parts of a sparse matrix the computation is serial. By transforming the dependency graph, it is possible to increase the parallelism of the parts that lack it. In this work, we present a novel graph transformation strategy to increase the parallelism degree of a sparse matrix and compare it to our previous strategy. It is seen that our transformation strategy can provide a speedup as high as 1.42x
Unraveling Neural Pathways of Political Engagement: Bridging Neuromarketing and Political Science for Understanding Voter Behavior and Political Leader Perception
No full textPolitical neuromarketing is an interdisciplinary field that combines marketing, neuroscience, and psychology to understand voter behavior and political leader perception. This interdisciplinary field offers novel techniques to understand complex phenomena such as voter engagement, political leadership, and party branding. This study aims to understand the neural activation patterns of voters when they are exposed to political leaders using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and machine learning methods. We recruited participants and recorded their brain activity using fNIRS when they were exposed to images of different political leaders. This neuroimaging method (fNIRS) reveals brain regions central to brand perception, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Machine learning methods were used to predict the participants' perceptions of leaders based on their brain activity. The study has identified the brain regions that are involved in processing political stimuli and making judgments about political leaders. Within this study, the best-performing machine learning model, LightGBM, achieved a highest accuracy score of 0.78, underscoring its efficacy in predicting voters' perceptions of political leaders based on the brain activity of the former. The findings from this study provide new insights into the neural basis of political decision-making and the development of effective political marketing campaigns while bridging neuromarketing, political science and machine learning, in turn enabling predictive insights into voter preferences and behavio
Sosyal Medya Ortamında Kişilik Hakkı İhlallerine Uygulanacak Hukuk
No full textSocial media is one of the most frequently used communication platforms today. Parallel to its widespread use, social media is also a common area where you can experience violations of personal rights. Personalality rights violations committed in the social media environment are among the areas of important legal disputes today. As in other branches of law, these disputes are often the subject of discussion in the field of Private International Law. In the globalized world, which is almost surrounded by technology, conflicts including foreing element in is increasing. In this case, the question about international jurisdiction oh the states and which state's law will be applicable to the dispute, regarding the violations of personality rights that occur in the social media environment and that contain a foreign element. The choice between the right to personality and freedom of expression is effective on the basis of the answer to this question. Another aspect that influences the answer is the way the real world and cyberspace are handled. In the context of private international law, the main subject of our research is the question of whether the classical connecting factors and the violations of personality rights in social media can be resolved and whether there is a need for new connecting factors. This dissertation consists of two main parts. In the first part of our study, the basic concepts were examined and in this context, the internet and social media were discussed in detail in the first part. In this context, the structure, functioning and main factors of the internet and social media are examined respectively. Adding to this information on the management concept of the internet and social media is given and the current legal regulations in this field are included. In the second part, the concept of personal rights is examined. First of all, the right to personality is explained conceptually, violations of personal rights are mentioned and legal protection methods against violations of personal rights are emphasized. Finally, the section has been completed by examining the violations of personality rights from the perspective of the internet and social media environment. In the third part of our study, the issue of determining applicable law to the violations of personal rights in the internet and social media environment is discussed. In this context, first of all, the applicable law in the context of internet and social media, the qualification of violations of personality rights, various connecting factors and theories were examined. Finally, information on Turkish law and current regulations in the European Union has been given.Sosyal medya günümüzde en sık kullanılan iletişim alanlarından biridir. Yaygın kullanımına paralel olarak sosyal medya aynı zamanda kişilik hakkı ihlallerinin sıklıkla yaşandığı bir mecra konumundadır. Sosyal medya ortamında işlenen kişilik hakkı ihlalleri günümüzde önemli hukuki uyuşmazlık alanlarındandır. Diğer hukuk dallarında olduğu gibi milletlerarası özel hukuk alanında da bu uyuşmazlıklar inceleme konusu olmaktadır. Zira globalleşen ve teknoloji ile adeta kuşatılan dünyada yabancılık unsurunu havi uyuşmazlıklar giderek artmaktadır. Bu durumda, sosyal medya ortamında meydana gelen ve yabancılık unsuru içeren kişilik hakkı ihlallerine ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda uyuşmazlığa hangi devletin hukukunun uygulanacağı sorusu gündeme gelmektedir. Bu soruya verilecek cevabın temelinde kişilik hakkı ile ifade hürriyeti arasında yapılan seçim etkili olmaktadır. Cevabı etkileyen bir diğer husus ise gerçek dünya ile siber uzayın ele alınma şeklidir. Milletlerarası özel hukuk bağlamında klasik bağlama kuralları ile sosyal medyada meydana gelen kişilik hakkı ihlallerinin çözümlenip çözümlenemeyeceği, yeni kanunlar ihtilafı kurallarına ihtiyaç olup olmadığı sorusu araştırmamızın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde temel kavramlar incelenmiş olup bu kapsamda internet ve sosyal medya kavramsal olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda internet ve sosyal medyanın yapısı, işleyişi, temel aktörleri sırasıyla irdelenmiştir. Ek olarak, internet ve sosyal medyanın yönetimine ilişkin bilgi verilip bu alanda mevcut yasal düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise kişilik hakkı kavramı inceleme altına alınmıştır. Öncelikle kişilik hakkı kavramsal olarak açıklanmış, kişilik hakkı ihlallerine değinilmiş ve kişilik hakkı ihlallerine karşı hukuki koruma yöntemleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak kişilik hakkı ihlalleri internet ve sosyal medya ortamı perspektifinden incelenerek bölüm tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde internet ve sosyal medya ortamında meydana gelen kişilik hakkı ihlallerine uygulanacak hukukun tespiti meselesi ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle, internet ve sosyal medya bağlamında yabancılık unsuru, kişilik hakkı ihlallerinin vasıflandırılması, çeşitli bağlama noktaları ile teorileri incelenmiştir. Son olarak Türk hukuku ve Avrupa Birliğindeki mevcut düzenlemelere ilişkin bilgiler aktarılmıştır
Teaching Literature With Elf Paradigm in Elt Classrooms
No full textThis chapter shows how teachers can utilise literary texts in their language classrooms to unearth the potential of the ELF paradigm in promoting general and critical language awareness and preparing students for the complex and diversified socio-linguistic reality of the 21st century. Earlier discussions of integrating literature in EFL classrooms mainly emphasised the use of literary texts as supplementary materials to ELT coursebooks to reinforce learners’ linguistic knowledge and enhance their understanding of the target language and culture, particularly British and/or American. The current status of ELF challenges the taken-for-granted approaches to selecting and using literary texts in language classrooms, and thus the use of literature in language teaching is in need of rejuvenation. Considering the dynamics and the reality of communication in ELF contexts, language learners today need to be familiarised with the unfamiliar and different ecosystems. The chapter presents literature-based activities designed using two short stories and two novels written by multilingual authors, which can be used with secondary school and university students with B1+ levels of proficiency
Why “discourse” Matters in the Discipline of International Relations: a Conceptual Analysis
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine how discourse is conceptualized and utilized in the discipline of International Relations. The discourses we use to understand and influence each other are used in interdisciplinary approaches in social sciences. Discourse, which is used in the meanings such as “rhetoric, speech, thesis, point of view, doctrine, argument, opinion, philosophy, type of expression, style of expression, style, pronunciation, individual language, conceptual system, sum of signs” is defined in various ways terminologically. Disciplines such as linguistics, philosophy of language, anthropology, ethnology, sociology, psychology, and political science have presented different explanations and methods about discourse. Discourse, in general terms, is interpreted as representational practices in which meanings are produced. In this sense, the idea that knowledge is separate from the social sphere is rejected, and knowledge is accepted as the founding element of reality. In fact, there are various definitions of discourse that differ from eachother.As a research method, discourse analysis, which refers the meanings formed through speeches and texts, is applied in different disciplines for extensive examination. In discourse analysis, the discourses to be explored can be written texts or they can be accepted as verbal conversations. These discourses, which might be both written and verbal, should possibly be examined in their original forms. Furthermore, in discourse analysis, the place and time of the discourse, the communication between the parties of the discourse, social roles, relevant social information, norms and values, institutional structures and organizational processes are also important. As a matter of fact, individuals who use the language are always in contact with eachother in their communication activities they establish as a part of groups, institutions, or cultures. In discourse analysis, which is most frequently used as a post-structural method in the discipline of International Relations, social reality is not considered independent of language and is created only through representative practices in language. Thus, in post-structural analysis, it is believed that the construction of different social realities is possible only through interpretation. The discourse that takes place in a certain political context and political culture often raises questions about a nation’s own identity within the discipline of International Relations