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fNIRS ve makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile beğeni tahmini
No full textDavranışsal örüntüleri tespit etmede genel olarak kullanılan fMRI yöntemi pahalı ve pratik olmayan özellikleriyle dikkat çekmektedir. Buna karşın yakın kızılötesi spektroskopi (fNIRS) yöntemi daha ucuz ve portatif özelliklere sahip olmak ile birlikte, iyi bir tahmin modeli oluşturmada fMRI kadar etkilidir. Bu yöntem ile çeşitli makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları kullanılarak insanların bir görsel uyaranı beğenip beğenmediğini tahmin edebilecek bir model geliştirilmiştir. Kullanılan klasik makine öğrenmesi metotları Destekleyici Vektör Makineleri (SVM), Rastgele Orman algoritması, XGBoost, LightGBM, k En Yakın Komşu (KNN) algoritmalarıdır. SVM ve KNN gibi fNIRS çalışmalarında sık kullanılan ve başarıları onaylanmış algoritmaların yanında, artırma ve ağaç bazlı algoritmalar da ek olarak kullanılarak tamamlayıcı bir karşılaştırma yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun yanında, verideki eksik değerleri tamamlamak amacıyla çeşitli eksik veri doldurma yöntemleri kullanılmış ve bu tarz bir sınıflama problemi için aralarından en uygun olanı seçilmiştir. Model geliştirilirken ana odak olan öznitelik indirgeme yöntemleri arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Gözetimsiz bir eğitme yöntemi olan K-means kümeleme yaklaşımı kullanılarak benzer fNIRS ölçümlerine sahip olan katılımcılar kümelendikten sonra bu kümeler One-hot-encoding yöntemi ile kodlanarak sınıflama sonuçlarının daha başarılı çıkacağı düşünülmüştür. Bunun yanında, ikincil görev olarak, çeşitli öznitelik çıkarım ve sarıcı (öznitelik seçme) yöntemleri de uygulanarak beğeni tahmini modelleri performanslarının artırılması adına denemelerde bulunulmuştur. Kullanılan öznitelik çıkarım metotları arasında PCA, Isomap, t-SNE gibi yaklaşımlar yer almakla birlikte, sarıcı yöntem olarak ileri seçim sarıcı dizaynı ek bir adım olarak kullanılarak modellerin daha da geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu yöntemlerin sınıflama skorları kendi aralarında karşılaştırılarak sonuçlar gösterilmiştir. Modellerin çapraz doğrulama yönteminden gelen F1 skorları kullanılarak en iyi modeller aranmıştır. Tek bir grubu dışarıda bırakan çapraz doğrulama yöntemi kullanılarak modeller arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Böylece bu çapraz doğrulama yöntemi kullanılarak her katta farklı bir katılımcının verisi tek başına test edilecek şekilde bir kurgu yapılmıştır. Bu şekilde hem her katılımcı özelinde skorlar görülmüş, hem de model performanslarından çıkan sonuçların istatiksel olarak daha güvenilir olması amaçlanmıştır. Son performans değerlendirme ve karşılaştırma yöntemleri olarak permütasyon ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralama teknikleri kullanılarak modellerin skorları istatiksel olarak karşılaştırılmış ve istatiksel anlamları tespit edilmiştir.The fMRI method, which is generally used to detect behavioral patterns, draws attention with its expensive and impractical features. On the other hand, the near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) method is less expensive and portable, but it is as effective as fMRI in creating a good prediction model. With this method, a model has been developed that can predict whether a person likes a visual stimulus or not, using various classical machine learning algorithms including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests, XGBoost, LightGBM and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). With implementing tree-based and booster algorithms in addition to SVM and KNN which have been frequently used algorithms in this fNIRS domain, it was aimed to do a complementary comparison in addition to these acknowledged algorithms. Moreover, various missing value imputation methodologies were used to find the best suitable approach for this kind of classification problem. K-Means clustering, which is an unsupervised learning method, was also utilized to cluster similar fNIRS measurements of participants that may improve classification results by one-hot encoding those groups. Furthermore, certain feature extraction and wrapper methodologies were also applied for an attempt to enhance the performance of liking prediction models as a secondary goal. PCA, Isomap and t-SNE methodologies were implemented as feature extraction approaches, and forward selection wrapper design was utilized as an additional step to further development of the model by comparing their scores with each other. Cross-validation F1-scores of these models were used to find out the best model among them. Leave-one-group-out cross validation was exploited in comparison of the models. This meant that these cross-validation results corresponded to each of participants' data i.e. testing every participants' fNIRS measurements alone in each fold. This way both every score specific to each participant could be seen and it ensured models' results were statistically reliable. Following evaluations also included permutation and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests to compare each model's performance with each other by testing the statistical significance of those results
Inheritance of the surviving spouse as a result of the revision of swiss inheritance law and the possible impact of the revision on Turkish law
No full textAile hukuku ile miras hukuku birbiriyle yakından ilgilidir. Bunun neticesinde aile ilişkilerinin zaman içindeki değişiminden miras hukuku da kaçınılmaz biçimde etkilenecektir. Geçtiğimiz yüzyılın başındaki bir sosyal ve ekonomik yapıya ait olan İsviçre Medeni Kanununun miras hukuku hükümlerinde modern ihtiyaçlara cevap vermek amacıyla bir revizyon çalışması yapılmış ve bu çalışmanın bir bölümü 1 Ocak 2023 ...Family law and inheritance law are closely related to each other. As aresult, inheritance law will inevitably be affected by the changes in family relations overtime. The provisions of the Swiss Civil Code, which belonged to a different social andeconomic structure at the beginning of the last century, were revised in order to respond tomodern needs, and a part of this revision entered into force on 1 January 2023. Theregulations that emerged as a result of this effort, which was carried out on the axis ofincreasing the disposable portion of the de cujus and improving the situation of thesurviving spouse, put an end to some debates in the Swiss legal doctrine. In this respect,the revision may also lead to some solutions in Turkish law regarding similar discussionsand may perhaps bring a paradigm shift. The revision conduced us once again towardsseeing that the Turkish legislation regarding the status of the surviving spouse falls behindthe Swiss law. For this reason, the regulations in Swiss law concerning the situation of thesurviving spouse specifically constitute the subject of this study
Examining the Indirect Role of Perceived Normativeness in the Association Between Collectivistic Values and Psychological Control of Turkish Mothers
No full textParental psychological control has previously been related to negative developmental outcomes. However, fewer studies examined the cultural factors associated with parental psychological control. Several studies suggested that psychological control is used more by mothers in collectivistic (as compared to individualistic) cultures yet did not examine the mother's personal endorsement of the cultural values. This approach ignores the widely reported findings showing within country heterogeneity. In this study, we examined maternal adherence to collectivistic values and their psychologically controlling behaviour directed towards their preschool children. We also examined the indirect role of perceived normativeness of the psychologically controlling behaviour in the association between adherence to collectivistic values and using psychologically controlling behaviours. We hypothesized that mothers who endorsed collectivistic values more would perceive psychologically controlling parenting as more normative and in turn would display more psychological control. To test our research question, we collected data from 318 Turkish mothers, who had at least one preschool-aged child (child Mage = 59.46 months, SD = 9.23; range = 34-80 months; 160 males). The descriptive analyses are planned to be run in SPSS and path analyses in mplus are planned for examining the hypothesized mediational model.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TUBITAK) - 112K03
Favoring Inequalities and Mind-Reading: Social Dominance Orientation Relates To Poor Mentalizing
No full textAlthough studies have so far investigated social dominance orientation (SDO) in relation to its association with prejudice and discrimination toward outgroups, it is not known whether SDO's link with poor intergroup relations might be underlined by specific socio-cognitive factors such as reduced mind-reading motivation (MRM) and poor mind-reading performance. The present study tested whether endorsement of SDO is associated with decreased MRM and mind-reading accuracy toward both ingroup and outgroup targets. We randomly assigned one hundred and 20 Turkish university students (M- age = 22.02) into two target groups for mind-reading, Turkish ingroup (N = 60) and Syrian outgroup (N = 60), and asked them to infer minds of either ingroup or outgroup members depending on their target group. Participants also reported their level of MRM and SDO through questionnaires. When the target was a Turkish ingroup member, SDO negatively and directly predicted mind-reading, when the target was an outgroup member, however, higher SDO indirectly predicted lower mind-reading through reduced MRM. These results pointed that favoring intergroup hierarchies relates to poor understanding of others' mental states although the mechanism of the relation changes depending on the group membership of the target
The Influence of Social Media on Food Choices: a Bibliometric Approach
No full textSocial media channels are increasing day by day and the time spent on social media channels has become a significant part of the day. Social media, which is one of the facts that cannot be ignored, affects food choices to a great extent, as it does in every field. Being aware of the power of social media, food companies, and groceries also develop strategies for this medium and heavily use social media as a communication tool. In line with these developments and facts, this study aims to highlight the influence of social media on food. A bibliometric study has been conducted to enlighten the literature development on social media and food subjects. The results are expected to be helpful for both literature and practice as well as social media managers and food brand managers. © 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved
The Minimum Variance Distortionless Response Beamformer for Damage Identification Using Modal Curvatures
No full textThis study presents a damage identification procedure in beams based on the use of beamforming algorithms, which are mostly utilized in inverse problems of source identification and image reconstruction. We choose the modal curvatures as observed quantities and compare the performance of the Bartlett beamformer, minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) processor, and of a conventional objective function based on the modal curvatures. By means of a set of experiments, we show that the MVDR processor can overcome some of the difficulties encountered with other estimators, especially in cases of slight damage, or damage located between two sensors. © 2023, Association of American Publishers. All rights reserved
Validating Psychometric Classification of Teachers' Fraction Arithmetic Reasoning
No full textThe development of the Diagnosing Teacher's Multiplicative Reasoning (DTMR) Fractions survey was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DRL-0903411. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSFNational Science Foundation [DRL-0903411]In prior work, we fit the mixture Rasch model to item responses from a fractions survey administered to a nationwide sample of middle grades mathematics teachers in the United States. The mixture Rasch model located teachers on a continuous, unidimensional scale and fit best with 3 latent classes. We used item response data to generate initial interpretations of the reasoning characteristic of each latent class. Our results suggested increasing facility reasoning about fraction arithmetic from one class to the next. The present study contributes two further arguments for the validity of our initial interpretations. First, we administered the same survey to a new sample of future middle grades mathematics teachers before and after 20 weeks of instruction on multiplication, division, and fractions, and we found that from pretest to posttest future teachers transitioned from one latent class to another in ways consistent with increased proficiency in fraction arithmetic. Second, we interviewed 8 of the future teachers before and after the instruction and found that future teachers' reasoning during interviews was largely consistent with our original interpretation of the 3 latent classes. These results provide further support for our original interpretation of the mixture Rasch analysis, demonstrate the utility of our approach for capturing growth and change in future teachers' reasoning during teacher education coursework, and contribute innovative applications of psychometric models for surveying teachers' reasoning at scale
Neural Correlates of Identity Judgments in the Prefrontal Cortex: an Optical Brain Imaging (fnirs) Study
No full textThe prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a crucial role in human reasoning and decision-making. Studies using neuroimaging techniques have shown that situations involving conflicts lead to increased activity in both the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This research specifically investigates the activity in the prefrontal cortex when individuals assess statements related to identity. The results obtained through optical brain imaging (fNIRS) indicate that participants experience greater conflict when evaluating propositions they strongly disagree with, compared to propositions they strongly agree with. Furthermore, responses that are indeterminate lead to higher activation levels in prefrontal regions. Additionally, the analysis of the participants' reaction times reveals significant differences associated with the content of their responses.IEEE,TUBITAK BILGEM,Turkcel
Vesayet ve Denetim Makamlarının Onayına Muhtaç İşlemler (tmk M. 462-463)
No full textGuardianship is one of two legal representation regimes provided by the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) in order to provide the legal security of the minors and the persons under guardianship. The other regime is custody. Since the guardians are always the mother and father or one of them in custody, they are fully trusted. However, in guardianship, the guardian is principally someone else other than the parents. The best and natural protector of a weak person are his/her parents. Acting from this paradigm, the legislator required the supervision of the parent in exceptional situations, while it envisaged regulations based on complete distrust on the guardian. Guardian is subject to the permission of the guardianship authority in terms of important transactions which were listed as fourteen items in TCC Art. 462. While the guardianship authority is the family council under private tutelage, it is the court of peace under public tutelage. in addition to the permission of the guardianship authority, the permission of the supervisory authority was sought in terms of the transactions that were listed as seven items in TCC Art. 463 and considered to be more important. The supervisory authority is always the court of first instance.Vesayet, sınırlı ehliyetsiz veya tam ehliyetsiz sayılan kimselerin hukuki güvenliğini sağlamak için TMK tarafından öngörülen iki temel yasal temsil rejiminden biridir. Diğer rejim velayettir. Velayette veli her zaman ana ve/veya baba olduğu için bunlara güven tamdır. Oysa vesayette vasi çoğu zaman ana baba dışındaki kimselerdir. Zayıf durumdaki bir kişinin en iyi ve doğal koruyucusu onu dünyaya getiren kişiler, yani ana ve babadır. Bu paradigmadan hareket eden kanun koyucu velinin denetimine çok sınırlı hallerde gerek duymuşken vasi üzerinde ise tam bir güvensizliğe dayalı düzenlemeler öngörmüştür. Vasi TMK m. 462'de sayılan on dört kalem önemli işlem bakımından vesayet makamının iznine tabi tutulmuştur. Vesayet makamı özel vesayette aile meclisi iken kamu vesayetinde sulh mahkemesidir. Yine TMK m. 463'te yedi kalem olarak sayılan ve daha önemli olduğu kabul edilen işlemler bakımından da vesayet makamının iznine ilave olarak denetim makamının da izni aranmıştır. Denetim makamı her zaman asliye mahkemesidir
Artificial Intelligence Augmented Iterative Product Decoding
No full textPub. No: US20230216522A1A method for product decoding within a data storage system includes receiving data to be decoded within a first decoder; performing a plurality of decoding iterations to decode the data utilizing a first decoder and a second decoder; and outputting fully decoded data based on the performance of the plurality of decoding iterations. Each of the plurality of decoding iterations includes (i) decoding the data with the first decoder operating at a first decoder operational mode to generate once decoded data; (ii) sending the once decoded data from the first decoder to the second decoder; (iii) receiving error information from the first decoder with an artificial intelligence system; (iv) selecting a second decoder operational mode based at least in part on the error information that is received by the artificial intelligence system; and (v) decoding the once decoded data with the second decoder operating at the second decoder operational mode to generate twice decoded data; and outputting fully decoded data based on the performance of the plurality of decoding iterations